FÁTIMA GEADA

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A auditoria e o ESG

A Auditoria Interna pugna por garantir às organizações um ambiente de controlo eficaz, que permita uma relevante e bem adequada utilização de Recursos, com eficácia e eficiência.

𝑨𝒔 𝒆𝒎𝒑𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒂𝒔 𝒂𝒅𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒓𝒂𝒎 𝒖𝒎𝒂 𝒏𝒐𝒗𝒂 𝒏𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒍𝒂𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒂, 𝒖𝒎 𝒏𝒐𝒗𝒐 𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒂𝒅𝒊𝒈𝒎𝒂 𝒆𝒎𝒑𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒂𝒍, 𝒒𝒖𝒆 𝒔𝒆 𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒅𝒖𝒛 𝒂𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒗𝒆́𝒔 𝒅𝒂 𝒔𝒊𝒈𝒍𝒂 𝑬𝑺𝑮 (𝑬𝒏𝒗𝒊𝒓𝒐𝒏𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕, 𝑺𝒐𝒄𝒊𝒂𝒍 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑮𝒐𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒏𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆), 𝒕𝒆𝒏𝒅𝒐 𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒄̧𝒂𝒅𝒐 𝒂 𝒔𝒆𝒓 𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒍𝒊𝒛𝒂𝒅𝒐 𝒏𝒐 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒐𝒓 𝒇𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆𝒊𝒓𝒐 𝒇𝒐𝒊 𝒊𝒎𝒑𝒐𝒓𝒕𝒂𝒅𝒐 𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒔𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒔𝒂𝒍𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒆 𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒂 𝒐𝒔 𝒅𝒊𝒇𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒔 𝒔𝒆𝒕𝒐𝒓𝒆𝒔 𝒆𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒐́𝒎𝒊𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒆 𝒔𝒐𝒄𝒊𝒂𝒊𝒔. 𝑶 𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒎𝒐 “𝒆𝒏𝒗𝒊𝒓𝒐𝒏𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕”, 𝒆𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒐𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒆 𝒍𝒊𝒈𝒂𝒅𝒐 𝒂𝒐 𝒂𝒎𝒃𝒊𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒆, 𝒄𝒂𝒅𝒂 𝒗𝒆𝒛 𝒎𝒂𝒊𝒔 𝒂𝒔 𝒐𝒓𝒈𝒂𝒏𝒊𝒛𝒂𝒄̧𝒐̃𝒆𝒔 𝒂𝒃𝒐𝒓𝒅𝒂𝒎 𝒆𝒔𝒕𝒂 𝒕𝒆𝒎𝒂́𝒕𝒊𝒄𝒂 𝒅𝒆 𝒖𝒎 𝒎𝒐𝒅𝒐 𝒎𝒂𝒊𝒔 𝒉𝒐𝒍𝒊́𝒔𝒕𝒊𝒄𝒐, 𝒒𝒖𝒆 𝒏𝒂̃𝒐 𝒔𝒐́ 𝒊𝒏𝒄𝒐𝒓𝒑𝒐𝒓𝒂 𝒂 𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒕𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒆 𝒅𝒂 𝒅𝒆𝒔𝒄𝒂𝒓𝒃𝒐𝒏𝒊𝒛𝒂𝒄̧𝒂̃𝒐 𝒆 𝒅𝒂𝒔 𝒆𝒎𝒊𝒔𝒔𝒐̃𝒆𝒔 𝒅𝒆 𝑪𝑶𝟐, 𝒎𝒂𝒔 𝒒𝒖𝒆 𝒔𝒆 𝒂𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒙𝒊𝒎𝒂 𝒅𝒐 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒄𝒆𝒊𝒕𝒐 𝒒𝒖𝒆 𝒂𝒔 𝒎𝒆𝒕𝒐𝒅𝒐𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒊𝒂𝒔 𝒅𝒆 𝒈𝒆𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒐 𝒅𝒆 𝒓𝒊𝒔𝒄𝒐 𝒂𝒔𝒔𝒖𝒎𝒊𝒓𝒂𝒎, 𝒓𝒆𝒄𝒐𝒓𝒅𝒆𝒎𝒐𝒔 𝒂 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒑𝒐́𝒔𝒊𝒕𝒐 𝒐 𝒎𝒐𝒅𝒆𝒍𝒐 𝑪𝑶𝑺𝑶 𝒆 𝒂 𝒔𝒖𝒂 𝒇𝒂𝒔𝒆 𝒊𝒏𝒊𝒄𝒊𝒂𝒍 𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒂 𝒍𝒆𝒗𝒂𝒓 𝒂 𝒆𝒇𝒆𝒊𝒕𝒐 𝒐 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒄𝒆𝒔𝒔𝒐 𝒅𝒆” 𝑹𝒊𝒔𝑲 𝒂𝒔𝒔𝒆𝒔𝒔𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕” 𝒓𝒆𝒍𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒗𝒂 𝒂𝒐 𝒂𝒎𝒃𝒊𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒆 𝒅𝒆 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒕𝒓𝒐𝒍𝒐, 𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒐 𝒑𝒓𝒊𝒎𝒆𝒊𝒓𝒂 𝒆𝒕𝒂𝒑𝒂 𝒅𝒆 𝒂𝒗𝒂𝒍𝒊𝒂𝒄̧𝒂̃𝒐.

𝑬́ 𝒏𝒆𝒔𝒕𝒂 𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒕𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒆, 𝒒𝒖𝒆 𝒐 “𝑬”, 𝒅𝒂 𝒔𝒊𝒈𝒍𝒂 𝑬𝑺𝑮, 𝒔𝒆 𝒑𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒅𝒆 𝒆 𝒂𝒓𝒕𝒊𝒄𝒖𝒍𝒂 𝒄𝒐𝒎 𝒂 𝑨𝒖𝒅𝒊𝒕𝒐𝒓𝒊𝒂 𝑰𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒏𝒂.

𝑨 𝑨𝒖𝒅𝒊𝒕𝒐𝒓𝒊𝒂 𝑰𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒏𝒂 𝒑𝒖𝒈𝒏𝒂 𝒑𝒐𝒓 𝒈𝒂𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒊𝒓 𝒂̀𝒔 𝒐𝒓𝒈𝒂𝒏𝒊𝒛𝒂𝒄̧𝒐̃𝒆𝒔 𝒖𝒎 𝒂𝒎𝒃𝒊𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒆 𝒅𝒆 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒕𝒓𝒐𝒍𝒐 𝒆𝒇𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒛, 𝒒𝒖𝒆 𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒎𝒊𝒕𝒂 𝒖𝒎𝒂 𝒓𝒆𝒍𝒆𝒗𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒆 𝒆 𝒃𝒆𝒎 𝒂𝒅𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒅𝒂 𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒍𝒊𝒛𝒂𝒄̧𝒂̃𝒐 𝒅𝒆 𝑹𝒆𝒄𝒖𝒓𝒔𝒐𝒔, 𝒄𝒐𝒎 𝒆𝒇𝒊𝒄𝒂́𝒄𝒊𝒂 𝒆 𝒆𝒇𝒊𝒄𝒊𝒆̂𝒏𝒄𝒊𝒂, 𝒔𝒆𝒏𝒅𝒐 𝒖𝒎𝒂 𝒎𝒂𝒊𝒔 𝒗𝒂𝒍𝒊𝒂 𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒂 𝒂𝒔 𝒐𝒓𝒈𝒂𝒏𝒊𝒛𝒂𝒄̧𝒐̃𝒆𝒔, 𝒆𝒏𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒐 𝒂𝒔𝒔𝒖𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝒅𝒆 𝒒𝒖𝒆 𝒂𝒔 𝒃𝒐𝒂𝒔 𝒑𝒓𝒂́𝒕𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒔 𝒏𝒂 𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒍𝒊𝒛𝒂𝒄̧𝒂̃𝒐 𝒅𝒆 𝒓𝒆𝒄𝒖𝒓𝒔𝒐𝒔, 𝒔𝒂̃𝒐 𝒂𝒅𝒐𝒑𝒕𝒂𝒅𝒂𝒔 𝒑𝒆𝒍𝒂𝒔 𝒐𝒓𝒈𝒂𝒏𝒊𝒛𝒂𝒄̧𝒐̃𝒆𝒔 𝒆 𝒔𝒖𝒓𝒈𝒆𝒎 𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒐 𝒂 “𝒑𝒆𝒅𝒓𝒂 𝒃𝒂𝒔𝒊𝒍𝒂𝒓” 𝒒𝒖𝒆 𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒎𝒊𝒕𝒆 𝒈𝒂𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒊𝒓 𝒂 𝒔𝒖𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒂𝒃𝒊𝒍𝒊𝒅𝒂𝒅𝒆 𝒅𝒂𝒔 𝒎𝒆𝒔𝒎𝒂𝒔, 𝒏𝒐 𝒎𝒆́𝒅𝒊𝒐 𝒆 𝒍𝒐𝒏𝒈𝒐 𝒑𝒓𝒂𝒛𝒐.

𝑸𝒖𝒂𝒍 𝒐 𝒇𝒂𝒕𝒐𝒓, 𝒐𝒖 𝒐 𝒑𝒊𝒍𝒂𝒓, 𝒒𝒖𝒆 𝒔𝒆 𝒂𝒔𝒔𝒖𝒎𝒆 𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒐 𝒇𝒖𝒏𝒅𝒂𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒂 𝒒𝒖𝒆 𝒕𝒐𝒅𝒂 𝒂 𝒂𝒓𝒒𝒖𝒊𝒕𝒆𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒂 𝒅𝒂 𝒔𝒊𝒈𝒍𝒂 𝑬𝑺𝑮 𝒇𝒖𝒏𝒄𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒆?

𝑨 𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒑𝒐𝒔𝒕𝒂 𝒍𝒆𝒗𝒂-𝒏𝒐𝒔 𝒊𝒏𝒅𝒊𝒔𝒄𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒗𝒆𝒍𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒆 𝒂̀ “𝑮𝒐𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒏𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆”, 𝒆𝒏𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒐 𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒄𝒆𝒊𝒓𝒐 𝒑𝒊𝒍𝒂𝒓 𝒅𝒐 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒄𝒆𝒊𝒕𝒐 𝒆́ 𝒅𝒆𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒆 𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒂 𝒐 𝒆̂𝒙𝒊𝒕𝒐 𝒅𝒆𝒔𝒕𝒆 𝒏𝒐𝒗𝒐 𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒂𝒅𝒊𝒈𝒎𝒂 𝒆𝒎𝒑𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒂𝒍. 𝑫𝒆𝒔𝒕𝒆 𝒎𝒐𝒅𝒐, 𝒐𝒔 𝒎𝒐𝒅𝒆𝒍𝒐𝒔 𝒐𝒓𝒈𝒂𝒏𝒊𝒛𝒂𝒄𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒂𝒊𝒔 𝒅𝒆 𝒓𝒂𝒊𝒛 𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒍𝒐-𝒔𝒂𝒙𝒐́𝒏𝒊𝒄𝒐𝒔, 𝒄𝒐𝒎 𝒖𝒎𝒂 𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒕𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒆 𝒅𝒖𝒂𝒍𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒂 𝒆 𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒊𝒔𝒔𝒐̃𝒆𝒔 𝒆𝒔𝒑𝒆𝒄𝒊𝒂𝒍𝒊𝒛𝒂𝒅𝒂𝒔, 𝒅𝒆 𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒓𝒆 𝒂𝒔 𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒊𝒔 𝒂 𝑪𝒐𝒎𝒊𝒔𝒔𝒂̃𝒐 𝑬𝒔𝒑𝒆𝒄𝒊𝒂𝒍𝒊𝒛𝒂𝒅𝒂 𝒅𝒆 𝑨𝒖𝒅𝒊𝒐𝒓𝒊𝒂, 𝒂̀ 𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒍 𝒂 𝑨𝒖𝒅𝒊𝒕𝒐𝒓𝒊𝒂 𝑰𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒏𝒂 𝒅𝒆𝒗𝒆 𝒓𝒆𝒑𝒐𝒓𝒕𝒂𝒓, 𝒔𝒖𝒓𝒈𝒆 𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒐 𝒖𝒎 𝒇𝒂𝒕𝒐𝒓 𝒇𝒖𝒏𝒅𝒂𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒅𝒆 𝒈𝒂𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒊𝒂 𝒅𝒆 𝒊𝒏𝒅𝒆𝒑𝒆𝒏𝒅𝒆̂𝒏𝒄𝒊𝒂 𝒅𝒂 𝒇𝒖𝒏𝒄̧𝒂̃𝒐 𝒅𝒆 𝑨𝒖𝒅𝒊𝒕𝒐𝒓𝒊𝒂 𝑰𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒏𝒂.

𝑵𝒆𝒔𝒕𝒆 𝒂̂𝒎𝒃𝒊𝒕𝒐, 𝒂 𝒑𝒐𝒔𝒊𝒄̧𝒂̃𝒐 𝒅𝒂 𝑨𝒖𝒅𝒊𝒕𝒐𝒓𝒊𝒂 𝒏𝒂𝒔 𝒐𝒓𝒈𝒂𝒏𝒊𝒛𝒂𝒄̧𝒐̃𝒆𝒔 𝒆 𝒂 𝒔𝒖𝒂 𝒓𝒆𝒑𝒐𝒓𝒕𝒂𝒃𝒊𝒍𝒊𝒅𝒂𝒅𝒆 𝒔𝒂̃𝒐 𝒇𝒂𝒕𝒐𝒓𝒆𝒔 𝒔𝒆𝒎 𝒅𝒖́𝒗𝒊𝒅𝒂 𝒅𝒆𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒔 𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒂 𝒂 𝒔𝒖𝒂 𝒆𝒇𝒊𝒄𝒂́𝒄𝒊𝒂.

𝑹𝒆𝒄𝒐𝒓𝒅𝒆𝒎𝒐𝒔, 𝒂 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒑𝒐́𝒔𝒊𝒕𝒐, 𝒐𝒔 𝟒 𝒑𝒊𝒍𝒂𝒓𝒆𝒔 𝒇𝒖𝒏𝒅𝒂𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒂𝒊𝒔 𝒆𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒅𝒐𝒔 𝒑𝒆𝒍𝒐 𝑰𝒏𝒔𝒕𝒊𝒕𝒖𝒕𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝑰𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒏𝒂𝒍 𝑨𝒖𝒅𝒊𝒕𝒐𝒓𝒔 (𝑰𝑰𝑨) 𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒂 𝒖𝒎𝒂 𝒇𝒖𝒏𝒄̧𝒂̃𝒐 𝒅𝒆 𝑨𝒖𝒅𝒊𝒕𝒐𝒓𝒊𝒂 𝑰𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒏𝒂 𝒆𝒎 𝒍𝒊𝒏𝒉𝒂 𝒄𝒐𝒎 𝒐𝒔 𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒂𝒓𝒅𝒔 𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒏𝒂𝒄𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒂𝒊𝒔 𝒅𝒂 𝒇𝒖𝒏𝒄̧𝒂̃𝒐 𝒆 𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒂 𝒂 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒇𝒊𝒔𝒔𝒂̃𝒐, 𝒊𝒏𝒅𝒊𝒔𝒑𝒆𝒏𝒔𝒂́𝒗𝒆𝒍, 𝒅𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒓𝒐 𝒅𝒂𝒔 𝒃𝒐𝒂𝒔 𝒑𝒓𝒂́𝒕𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒔 𝒐𝒓𝒈𝒂𝒏𝒊𝒛𝒂𝒄𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒂𝒊𝒔, 𝒂 𝒔𝒂𝒃𝒆𝒓:

- 𝑰𝒏𝒅𝒆𝒑𝒆𝒏𝒅𝒆̂𝒏𝒄𝒊𝒂 𝒆 𝒐𝒃𝒋𝒆𝒕𝒊𝒗𝒊𝒅𝒂𝒅𝒆 (𝒏𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒂 𝟏𝟏𝟎𝟎);

-𝑷𝒓𝒐𝒇𝒊𝒄𝒊𝒆̂𝒏𝒄𝒊𝒂 𝒆 𝒛𝒆𝒍𝒐 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒇𝒊𝒔𝒔𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒂𝒍 (𝒏𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒂 𝟏𝟐𝟎𝟎), 𝒅𝒆𝒔𝒆𝒏𝒗𝒐𝒍𝒗𝒊𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒐 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒇𝒊𝒔𝒔𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒂𝒍 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒕𝒊́𝒏𝒖𝒐 (𝒏𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒂 𝟏𝟐𝟑𝟎), 𝒒𝒖𝒆 𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒎𝒊𝒕𝒂 𝒂𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒇𝒆𝒊𝒄̧𝒐𝒂𝒓 𝒐𝒔 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒉𝒆𝒄𝒊𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒐𝒔 𝒅𝒐𝒔 𝒂𝒖𝒅𝒊𝒕𝒐𝒓𝒆𝒔; 𝒆

-𝑨 𝒈𝒂𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒊𝒂 𝒅𝒆 𝒆𝒙𝒆𝒄𝒖𝒄̧𝒂̃𝒐 𝒅𝒆 𝒖𝒎 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒎𝒂 𝒅𝒆 𝑸𝒖𝒂𝒍𝒊𝒅𝒂𝒅𝒆 𝒆 𝒎𝒆𝒍𝒉𝒐𝒓𝒊𝒂 (𝟏𝟑𝟎𝟎), 𝒄𝒐𝒎 𝒂 𝒔𝒊𝒈𝒍𝒂 𝑸𝑨𝑰𝑷 (𝑸𝒖𝒂𝒍𝒊𝒕𝒚 𝑨𝒔𝒔𝒖𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝑰𝒎𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒗𝒆𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝑷𝒓𝒐𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒎𝒎𝒆) 𝒒𝒖𝒆 𝒆́ 𝒅𝒆𝒔𝒆𝒏𝒗𝒐𝒍𝒗𝒊𝒅𝒐 𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒂 𝒈𝒂𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒊𝒓 𝒂 𝒆𝒙𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒆̂𝒏𝒄𝒊𝒂 𝒅𝒆 𝒖𝒎𝒂 𝒂𝒗𝒂𝒍𝒊𝒂𝒄̧𝒂̃𝒐 𝒅𝒂 𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒍𝒊𝒅𝒂𝒅𝒆 𝒅𝒐 𝒆𝒙𝒆𝒓𝒄𝒊́𝒄𝒊𝒐 𝒅𝒂 𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒗𝒊𝒅𝒂𝒅𝒆 𝒅𝒆 𝒂𝒖𝒅𝒊𝒕𝒐𝒓𝒊𝒂 𝒆 𝒂 𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒂 𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒐 𝒂 𝒇𝒖𝒏𝒄̧𝒂̃𝒐 𝒆𝒔𝒕𝒂́ 𝒊𝒏𝒔𝒆𝒓𝒊𝒅𝒂 𝒏𝒂 𝒐𝒓𝒈𝒂𝒏𝒊𝒛𝒂𝒄̧𝒂̃𝒐 𝒆 𝒆́ 𝒑𝒐𝒓 𝒆𝒔𝒕𝒂 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒊𝒅𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒅𝒂, 𝒆𝒎 𝒍𝒊𝒏𝒉𝒂 𝒄𝒐𝒎 𝒂𝒔 𝒏𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒔 𝒆 𝒓𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒊𝒔𝒊𝒕𝒐𝒔 𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒏𝒂𝒄𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒂𝒊𝒔 𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒂 𝒂 𝒇𝒖𝒏𝒄̧𝒂̃𝒐.

𝑵𝒆𝒔𝒕𝒂 𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒕𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒆, 𝒐 𝒑𝒂𝒑𝒆𝒍 𝒂 𝒅𝒆𝒔𝒆𝒎𝒑𝒆𝒏𝒉𝒂𝒓 𝒑𝒆𝒍𝒂 𝑨𝒔𝒔𝒐𝒄𝒊𝒂𝒄̧𝒂̃𝒐 𝑷𝒓𝒐𝒇𝒊𝒔𝒔𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒂𝒍 𝒂 𝒒𝒖𝒆 𝒑𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒊𝒅𝒐, 𝒆 𝒒𝒖𝒆 𝒓𝒆𝒑𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒂 𝒐 𝑰𝑰𝑨 𝒆𝒎 𝑷𝒐𝒓𝒕𝒖𝒈𝒂𝒍 (𝑰𝑰𝑨 - 𝑷𝒐𝒓𝒕𝒖𝒈𝒂𝒍, 𝑰𝑷𝑨𝑰) 𝒆́ 𝒆𝒙𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒐𝒓𝒅𝒊𝒏𝒂́𝒓𝒊𝒂𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒆 𝒓𝒆𝒍𝒆𝒗𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒆 𝒆 𝒕𝒆𝒎 𝒎𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒄𝒊𝒅𝒐 𝒖𝒎𝒂 𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒕𝒊𝒄𝒖𝒍𝒂𝒓 𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒏𝒄̧𝒂̃𝒐 𝒂𝒐 𝒍𝒐𝒏𝒈𝒐 𝒅𝒆𝒔𝒕𝒆 𝒂𝒏𝒐 𝒅𝒆 𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒗𝒊𝒅𝒂𝒅𝒆, 𝒂𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒗𝒆́𝒔 𝒅𝒆 𝒗𝒂́𝒓𝒊𝒂𝒔 𝒂𝒄̧𝒐̃𝒆𝒔 𝒅𝒆 𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒄̧𝒂̃𝒐 𝒆 𝒆𝒗𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒐𝒔 𝒒𝒖𝒆 𝒔𝒆 𝒊𝒏𝒔𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒎 𝒏𝒂 𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒄̧𝒂̃𝒐 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒕𝒊𝒏𝒖𝒂 𝒂 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒑𝒐𝒓𝒄𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒂𝒍 𝒂𝒐𝒔 𝒔𝒆𝒖𝒔 𝒎𝒆𝒎𝒃𝒓𝒐𝒔.

𝑨𝒐 𝒍𝒐𝒏𝒈𝒐 𝒅𝒆𝒔𝒕𝒆 𝒂𝒏𝒐 𝒆𝒎 𝒒𝒖𝒆 𝒐 𝑰𝑷𝑨𝑰 𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒆𝒕𝒂 𝟑𝟎 𝒂𝒏𝒐𝒔 𝒅𝒆 𝒆𝒙𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒆̂𝒏𝒄𝒊𝒂, 𝒗𝒂̃𝒐 𝒆𝒙𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒓 𝒗𝒂́𝒓𝒊𝒐𝒔 𝒆𝒗𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒐𝒔, 𝒘𝒆𝒃𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒓𝒆𝒔, 𝒔𝒆𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒂́𝒓𝒊𝒐𝒔 𝒆 𝒏𝒐 𝒎𝒆̂𝒔 𝒅𝒆 𝒏𝒐𝒗𝒆𝒎𝒃𝒓𝒐, 𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒂́ 𝒍𝒖𝒈𝒂𝒓 𝒂 𝑪𝒐𝒏𝒇𝒆𝒓𝒆̂𝒏𝒄𝒊𝒂 𝑨𝒏𝒖𝒂𝒍, 𝒄𝒖𝒋𝒂 𝒕𝒆𝒎𝒂́𝒕𝒊𝒄𝒂 𝒊𝒓𝒂́ 𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒔𝒂𝒓 𝒐 “𝑬𝑺𝑮” 𝒏𝒂 𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒕𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒆 𝒈𝒐𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒏𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆, 𝒐𝒏𝒅𝒆 𝒂 𝒏𝒊́𝒗𝒆𝒍 𝒅𝒐 𝒔𝒆𝒕𝒐𝒓 𝒆𝒎𝒑𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒂𝒍 𝒑𝒖𝒃𝒍𝒊𝒄𝒐 𝒆 𝒑𝒓𝒊𝒗𝒂𝒅𝒐 𝒆 𝒏𝒐 𝒔𝒆𝒕𝒐𝒓 𝒂𝒖𝒕𝒂́𝒓𝒒𝒖𝒊𝒄𝒐 𝒐𝒔 𝒅𝒆𝒔𝒂𝒇𝒊𝒐𝒔 𝒔𝒂̃𝒐 𝒓𝒆𝒍𝒆𝒗𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒔

𝑫𝒆𝒕𝒆𝒓 𝒄𝒂𝒅𝒂 𝒗𝒆𝒛 𝒎𝒂𝒊𝒔 𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒄̧𝒂̃𝒐 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒕𝒊́𝒏𝒖𝒂 𝒆 𝒔𝒌𝒊𝒍𝒍𝒔 𝒏𝒆𝒄𝒆𝒔𝒔𝒂́𝒓𝒊𝒐𝒔, 𝒑𝒓𝒊𝒗𝒊𝒍𝒆𝒈𝒊𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒐 𝒐 𝒑𝒆𝒏𝒔𝒂𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒐 𝒄𝒓𝒊𝒕𝒊𝒄𝒐, 𝒅𝒆 𝒄𝒐𝒍𝒂𝒃𝒐𝒓𝒂𝒄̧𝒂̃𝒐 𝒆 𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒄̧𝒂̃𝒐 𝒉𝒐𝒓𝒊𝒛𝒐𝒏𝒕𝒂𝒍, 𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒕𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒍, 𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒂 𝒐́𝒕𝒊𝒄𝒂 𝒅𝒆 𝒓𝒆-𝒊𝒎𝒂𝒈𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒓 𝒂 𝒇𝒖𝒏𝒄̧𝒂̃𝒐 𝒅𝒆 𝑨𝒖𝒅𝒊𝒕𝒐𝒓𝒊𝒂 𝒏𝒐 𝒏𝒐𝒗𝒐 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒙𝒕𝒐 𝒆𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒐́𝒎𝒊𝒄𝒐 𝒆 𝒅𝒆 𝒆𝒏𝒗𝒐𝒍𝒗𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒆 𝒅𝒐 𝒏𝒆𝒈𝒐́𝒄𝒊𝒐 𝒆́ 𝒄𝒂𝒅𝒂 𝒗𝒆𝒛 𝒎𝒂𝒊𝒔 𝒅𝒆𝒔𝒂𝒇𝒊𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒆 𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒂 𝒐 𝒂𝒖𝒅𝒊𝒕𝒐𝒓 𝒆 𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒂 𝒂 𝒇𝒖𝒏𝒄̧𝒂̃𝒐 𝒅𝒆 𝒂𝒖𝒅𝒊𝒕𝒐𝒓𝒊𝒂: 𝒖𝒎𝒂 𝒂𝒅𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒅𝒂 “𝒈𝒐𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒏𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆 “ 𝒆 𝒓𝒆𝒑𝒐𝒓𝒕𝒂𝒃𝒊𝒍𝒊𝒅𝒂𝒅𝒆 𝒔𝒂̃𝒐 𝒐 𝒇𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒐𝒓 𝒒𝒖𝒆 𝒇𝒂𝒓𝒂̃𝒐, 𝒔𝒆𝒎 𝒅𝒖𝒗𝒊𝒅𝒂, 𝒂 𝒅𝒊𝒇𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒊𝒂𝒄̧𝒂̃𝒐 𝒑𝒆𝒍𝒂 𝒑𝒐𝒔𝒊𝒕𝒊𝒗𝒂.

* Doutorada em Economia

IN "iN" - 16/07/22 .