.
Elogio do
passe ferroviário
A grande transição não está em passar do uso de automóveis movidos a
combustíveis fósseis para o de automóveis eléctricos, mas de ambos para
transportes públicos com cada vez maior independência de combustíveis
fósseis.
𝖮 𝗉𝖺𝗌𝗌𝖾 𝖿𝖾𝗋𝗋𝗈𝗏𝗂𝖺́𝗋𝗂𝗈 𝗏𝖾𝗋𝖽𝖾 𝗉𝗈𝖽𝖾 𝗌𝖾𝗋 𝖺𝗉𝖾𝗇𝖺𝗌 𝗎𝗆𝖺 𝖾𝗑𝖼𝖾𝗉𝖼̧𝖺̃𝗈 𝗊𝗎𝖾 𝖼𝗈𝗇𝖿𝗂𝗋𝗆𝖺 𝖺 𝗋𝖾𝗀𝗋𝖺. 𝖬𝖺𝗌 𝗌𝖾𝗋𝗂𝖺 𝖼𝗂𝗇𝗂𝗌𝗆𝗈 𝖿𝖺𝗓𝖾𝗋 𝗌𝗎𝖼𝗎𝗆𝖻𝗂𝗋 𝗈𝗎 𝗋𝖾𝗅𝖺𝗍𝗂𝗏𝗂𝗓𝖺𝗋, 𝗉𝗈𝗋 𝗂𝗌𝗌𝗈, 𝗈 𝖺𝗉𝗋𝖾𝖼̧𝗈 𝖾 𝗈 𝖾𝗅𝗈𝗀𝗂𝗈 𝗊𝗎𝖾 𝖾𝗌𝗍𝖺 𝗆𝖾𝖽𝗂𝖽𝖺 𝗆𝖾𝗋𝖾𝖼𝖾.
𝖣𝖾𝗌𝖽𝖾 𝗅𝗈𝗀𝗈, 𝖺𝗈 𝖺𝗋𝗋𝗈𝗃𝗈 𝖽𝖺 𝗆𝖾𝖽𝗂𝖽𝖺, 𝖺𝗈 𝖼𝗈𝗇𝖿𝖾𝗋𝗂𝗋 𝖺𝖼𝖾𝗌𝗌𝗈 𝖺 𝗍𝗈𝖽𝖺 𝖺 𝗅𝗂𝗇𝗁𝖺 𝖿𝖾𝗋𝗋𝗈𝗏𝗂𝖺́𝗋𝗂𝖺 𝗇𝖺𝖼𝗂𝗈𝗇𝖺𝗅 𝗇𝗈𝗌 𝗌𝖾𝗋𝗏𝗂𝖼̧𝗈𝗌 𝗂𝗇𝗍𝖾𝗋𝖼𝗂𝖽𝖺𝖽𝖾𝗌, 𝗂𝗇𝗍𝖾𝗋-𝗋𝖾𝗀𝗂𝗈𝗇𝖺𝗅 𝖾 𝗋𝖾𝗀𝗂𝗈𝗇𝖺𝗅 𝗉𝗈𝗋 𝗎𝗆 𝗏𝖺𝗅𝗈𝗋 𝗉𝖾𝗋𝖿𝖾𝗂𝗍𝖺𝗆𝖾𝗇𝗍𝖾 𝖺𝖼𝖾𝗌𝗌𝗂́𝗏𝖾𝗅, 𝖼𝗈𝗆 𝗈 𝗉𝗋𝖾𝖼̧𝗈 𝖽𝖾 𝗎𝗆 𝗉𝖺𝗌𝗌𝖾 𝗉𝗈𝗋 𝟥𝟢 𝖽𝗂𝖺𝗌 𝖺 𝖾𝗊𝗎𝗂𝗏𝖺𝗅𝖾𝗋 𝖺𝗈 𝗉𝗋𝖾𝖼̧𝗈 𝗇𝗈𝗋𝗆𝖺𝗅 𝖽𝖾 𝗎𝗆𝖺 𝗎́𝗇𝗂𝖼𝖺 𝗉𝖺𝗌𝗌𝖺𝗀𝖾𝗆 𝗉𝖺𝗋𝖺 𝖻𝗈𝖺 𝗉𝖺𝗋𝗍𝖾 𝖽𝗈𝗌 𝖽𝖾𝗌𝗍𝗂𝗇𝗈𝗌 𝖼𝗈𝖻𝖾𝗋𝗍𝗈𝗌 𝗉𝖾𝗅𝖺 𝗋𝖾𝖽𝖾.
𝖤́ 𝗎𝗆 𝗂𝗇𝗌𝗍𝗋𝗎𝗆𝖾𝗇𝗍𝗈 𝖾𝗆 𝖿𝖺𝗏𝗈𝗋 𝖽𝖺 𝖼𝗈𝖾𝗌𝖺̃𝗈 𝗍𝖾𝗋𝗋𝗂𝗍𝗈𝗋𝗂𝖺𝗅, 𝗊𝗎𝖾 𝖺𝗉𝗋𝗈𝗑𝗂𝗆𝖺 𝗅𝗂𝗍𝗈𝗋𝖺𝗅 𝖾 𝗂𝗇𝗍𝖾𝗋𝗂𝗈𝗋, 𝗇𝗈𝗋𝗍𝖾 𝖾 𝗌𝗎𝗅, 𝗌𝗈𝖻𝗋𝖾𝗍𝗎𝖽𝗈 𝗌𝗈𝖼𝗂𝖺𝗅𝗆𝖾𝗇𝗍𝖾, 𝖺𝗈 𝖾𝗅𝗂𝗆𝗂𝗇𝖺𝗋 𝖺 𝖻𝖺𝗋𝗋𝖾𝗂𝗋𝖺 𝖽𝗈 𝖼𝗎𝗌𝗍𝗈 𝖿𝗂𝗇𝖺𝗇𝖼𝖾𝗂𝗋𝗈 𝖽𝖾 𝖺𝗍𝗋𝖺𝗏𝖾𝗌𝗌𝖺𝗋 𝖾𝗌𝗍𝖾 𝗉𝖺𝗂́𝗌 𝖽𝖾 𝗅𝖾́𝗌 𝖺 𝗅𝖾́𝗌. 𝖯𝗋𝖺𝗍𝗂𝖼𝖺𝗆𝖾𝗇𝗍𝖾 𝗍𝗈𝖽𝗈 𝗈 𝗉𝖺𝗂́𝗌 𝖿𝗂𝖼𝖺 𝖺̀ 𝖽𝗂𝗌𝗍𝖺̂𝗇𝖼𝗂𝖺 𝖽𝖺 𝗉𝖺𝖼𝗂𝖾̂𝗇𝖼𝗂𝖺 𝖽𝖾 𝖿𝖺𝗓𝖾𝗋 𝗎𝗆𝖺 𝗏𝗂𝖺𝗀𝖾𝗆, 𝗉𝗈𝗋 𝗏𝖾𝗓𝖾𝗌 𝗊𝗎𝖾𝖻𝗋𝖺𝖽𝖺 𝗉𝗈𝗋 𝗎𝗆𝖺 𝗈𝗎 𝗈𝗎𝗍𝗋𝖺 𝗅𝗂𝗀𝖺𝖼̧𝖺̃𝗈, 𝖿𝗈𝗋𝗆𝖺𝗌 𝖽𝖾 𝖼𝗈𝗇𝗍𝖾𝗆𝗉𝗅𝖺𝗋 𝖺 𝗉𝖺𝗂𝗌𝖺𝗀𝖾𝗆, 𝖻𝖺𝗌𝗍𝖺𝗇𝖽𝗈 𝖾𝗇𝗍𝗋𝖺𝗋 𝖼𝗈𝗆 𝗈 𝗉𝖺𝗌𝗌𝖾 𝗇𝖺 𝖼𝖺𝗋𝗋𝗎𝖺𝗀𝖾𝗆, 𝗈𝗎, 𝗇𝗈 𝖼𝖺𝖽𝗈 𝖽𝖾 𝗎𝗆 𝖼𝗈𝗆𝖻𝗈𝗂𝗈 𝗂𝗇𝗍𝖾𝗋𝖼𝗂𝖽𝖺𝖽𝖾𝗌, 𝗋𝖾𝗌𝖾𝗋𝗏𝖺𝗋 𝗎𝗆 𝗅𝗎𝗀𝖺𝗋 𝗇𝗎𝗆 𝖻𝗂𝗅𝗁𝖾𝗍𝖾 𝗊𝗎𝖾 𝗂𝗇𝖽𝗂𝖼𝖺 𝗇𝗈 𝗉𝗋𝖾𝖼̧𝗈 “𝗓𝖾𝗋𝗈 𝖾𝗎𝗋𝗈𝗌”. 𝖢𝗈𝗇𝖿𝗂𝗋𝗆𝖺-𝗌𝖾 𝖺𝗌𝗌𝗂𝗆, 𝗇𝖺 𝗉𝗋𝖺́𝗍𝗂𝖼𝖺, 𝖼𝗈𝗆𝗈 𝖺 𝖼𝗈𝖾𝗌𝖺̃𝗈 𝗍𝖾𝗋𝗋𝗂𝗍𝗈𝗋𝗂𝖺𝗅 𝖾́ 𝗎𝗆𝖺 𝖿𝗈𝗋𝗆𝖺 𝖽𝖾 𝖼𝗈𝖾𝗌𝖺̃𝗈 𝗌𝗈𝖼𝗂𝖺𝗅.
𝖠 𝗆𝖾𝖽𝗂𝖽𝖺 𝖿𝗈𝗂 𝗍𝖺̃𝗈 𝖽𝖾𝗌𝖼𝗈𝗇𝖼𝖾𝗋𝗍𝖺𝗇𝗍𝖾 𝗊𝗎𝖾 𝖼𝗁𝖾𝗀𝗈𝗎 𝖺 𝗁𝖺𝗏𝖾𝗋 𝗌𝗎𝗌𝗉𝖾𝗂𝗍𝖺𝗌 𝖽𝖾 𝗊𝗎𝖾 𝖿𝗈𝗌𝗌𝖾 𝗎𝗆𝖺 𝖿𝗈𝗋𝗆𝖺 𝖽𝖾 𝗅𝖾𝗏𝖺𝗋 𝖺 𝖿𝖾𝗋𝗋𝗈𝗏𝗂𝖺 𝖺 𝗎𝗆 𝗉𝗈𝗇𝗍𝗈 𝖽𝖾 𝗂𝗇𝗌𝗎𝗌𝗍𝖾𝗇𝗍𝖺𝖻𝗂𝗅𝗂𝖽𝖺𝖽𝖾 𝖾𝖼𝗈𝗇𝗈́𝗆𝗂𝖼𝖺. 𝖬𝖺𝗌 𝖾́ 𝗉𝗋𝖾𝖼𝗂𝗌𝖺𝗆𝖾𝗇𝗍𝖾 𝗇𝖾𝗌𝗌𝖾 𝗊𝗎𝖺𝗌𝖾 𝗉𝖺𝗋𝖺𝖽𝗈𝗑𝗈 𝗊𝗎𝖾 𝖾𝗌𝗍𝖺́ 𝖺 𝗍𝗋𝖾𝗆𝖾𝗇𝖽𝖺 𝗏𝗂𝗌𝖺̃𝗈 𝖽𝖺 𝗆𝖾𝖽𝗂𝖽𝖺. 𝖠 𝖾𝖿𝗂𝖼𝗂𝖾̂𝗇𝖼𝗂𝖺 𝖽𝖾 𝗎𝗆𝖺 𝗉𝗈𝗅𝗂́𝗍𝗂𝖼𝖺 𝖽𝖾 𝗍𝗋𝖺𝗇𝗌𝗉𝗈𝗋𝗍𝖾 𝗉𝗎́𝖻𝗅𝗂𝖼𝗈 𝗇𝖺̃𝗈 𝖾𝗌𝗍𝖺́ 𝗉𝗋𝗂𝗈𝗋𝗂𝗍𝖺𝗋𝗂𝖺𝗆𝖾𝗇𝗍𝖾 𝗇𝗈 𝗎𝗌𝗈 𝖽𝗈𝗌 𝗎𝗍𝖾𝗇𝗍𝖾𝗌 𝗌𝗎𝗌𝗍𝖾𝗇𝗍𝖺𝗋 𝖿𝗂𝗇𝖺𝗇𝖼𝖾𝗂𝗋𝖺𝗆𝖾𝗇𝗍𝖾 𝗈 𝗌𝖾𝗋𝗏𝗂𝖼̧𝗈, 𝖺𝗌𝗌𝗂𝗌𝗍𝗂𝖽𝗈𝗌 𝗉𝗈𝗋 𝗆𝖺𝗂𝗈𝗋 𝗈𝗎 𝗆𝖾𝗇𝗈𝗋 𝖺𝗉𝗈𝗂𝗈 𝖽𝗈 𝖾𝗌𝗍𝖺𝖽𝗈. 𝖤𝗌𝗌𝖺 𝖾́ 𝗎𝗆𝖺 𝗅𝗈́𝗀𝗂𝖼𝖺 𝖽𝖾 𝗍𝗋𝖺𝗇𝗌𝗉𝗈𝗋𝗍𝖾 𝗉𝗋𝗂𝗏𝖺𝖽𝗈 𝗉𝗎𝖻𝗅𝗂𝖼𝖺𝗆𝖾𝗇𝗍𝖾 𝖺𝗌𝗌𝗂𝗌𝗍𝗂𝖽𝗈.
𝖭𝗎𝗆 𝗍𝗋𝖺𝗇𝗌𝗉𝗈𝗋𝗍𝖾 𝗀𝖾𝗇𝗎𝗂𝗇𝖺𝗆𝖾𝗇𝗍𝖾 𝗉𝗎́𝖻𝗅𝗂𝖼𝗈, 𝗈 𝗉𝖺𝗋𝖺𝖽𝗂𝗀𝗆𝖺 𝖾́ 𝗈𝗎𝗍𝗋𝗈: 𝖺 𝗌𝗎𝖺 𝖾𝖿𝗂𝖼𝗂𝖾̂𝗇𝖼𝗂𝖺 𝖾𝗌𝗍𝖺́ 𝖾𝗆 𝗌𝖾𝗋 𝗉𝗅𝖾𝗇𝖺𝗆𝖾𝗇𝗍𝖾 𝗎𝗌𝖺𝖽𝗈, 𝗈𝗎 𝗌𝖾𝗃𝖺, 𝖾𝗆 𝗍𝖾𝗋, 𝗍𝖺𝗇𝗍𝗈 𝗊𝗎𝖺𝗇𝗍𝗈 𝗉𝗈𝗌𝗌𝗂́𝗏𝖾𝗅, 𝗍𝗈𝖽𝗈 𝗈𝗌 𝗅𝗎𝗀𝖺𝗋𝖾𝗌 𝖽𝗂𝗌𝗉𝗈𝗇𝗂́𝗏𝖾𝗂𝗌 𝗈𝖼𝗎𝗉𝖺𝖽𝗈𝗌, 𝗆𝖺𝗑𝗂𝗆𝗂𝗓𝖺𝗇𝖽𝗈 𝗈 𝗎𝗌𝗈 (𝖾 𝗇𝖺̃𝗈 𝗈 𝗋𝖾𝗇𝖽𝗂𝗆𝖾𝗇𝗍𝗈) 𝖽𝗈𝗌 𝗆𝖾𝗂𝗈𝗌 𝖾𝗆𝗉𝗋𝖾𝗀𝗎𝖾𝗌. 𝖢𝗈𝗆𝖻𝗈𝗂𝗈𝗌 𝖼𝗁𝖾𝗂𝗈𝗌, 𝖺 𝖼𝗁𝖾𝗀𝖺𝗋 𝖺 𝗀𝗋𝖺𝗇𝖽𝖾 𝗉𝖺𝗋𝗍𝖾 𝖽𝗈 𝗍𝖾𝗋𝗋𝗂𝗍𝗈́𝗋𝗂𝗈 𝗇𝖺𝖼𝗂𝗈𝗇𝖺𝗅, 𝖺 𝗉𝗋𝖾𝖼̧𝗈𝗌 𝗆𝗎𝗂𝗍𝗈 𝗆𝗈́𝖽𝗂𝖼𝗈𝗌 𝖾́ 𝖺 𝗆𝖺𝗂𝗈𝗋 𝖾𝖿𝗂𝖼𝗂𝖾̂𝗇𝖼𝗂𝖺 𝗊𝗎𝖾 𝗌𝖾 𝗉𝗈𝖽𝖾 𝖾𝗌𝗉𝖾𝗋𝖺𝗋 𝖽𝗈 𝗂𝗇𝗏𝖾𝗌𝗍𝗂𝗆𝖾𝗇𝗍𝗈 𝖿𝖾𝗂𝗍𝗈 𝗇𝗎𝗆𝖺 𝗉𝗈𝗅𝗂́𝗍𝗂𝖼𝖺 𝗉𝗎́𝖻𝗅𝗂𝖼𝖺.
𝖭𝗈 𝖼𝖺𝗌𝗈 𝖽𝗈 𝗉𝖺𝗌𝗌𝖾 𝖿𝖾𝗋𝗋𝗈𝗏𝗂𝖺́𝗋𝗂𝗈, 𝗉𝗈𝖽𝖾 𝖿𝖺𝗅𝖺𝗋-𝗌𝖾 𝗆𝖾𝗌𝗆𝗈 𝖽𝖾 𝗎𝗆 𝗂𝖽𝖾𝖺𝗅 𝖽𝖾 𝖾𝖿𝗂𝖼𝗂𝖾̂𝗇𝖼𝗂𝖺 𝗂𝗇𝗍𝖾𝗀𝗋𝖺𝗅, 𝖼𝗈𝗆 𝗏𝖺́𝗋𝗂𝖺𝗌 𝖼𝖺𝗆𝖺𝖽𝖺𝗌 𝖽𝖾 𝗌𝖾𝗇𝗍𝗂𝖽𝗈: 𝗉𝗈𝗋 𝗎𝗆 𝗅𝖺𝖽𝗈, 𝖺 𝗆𝖺𝗑𝗂𝗆𝗂𝗓𝖺𝖼̧𝖺̃𝗈 𝖽𝖺 𝖽𝖾𝗆𝗈𝖼𝗋𝖺𝗍𝗂𝖼𝗂𝖽𝖺𝖽𝖾 𝖽𝖺 𝗆𝗈𝖻𝗂𝗅𝗂𝖽𝖺𝖽𝖾 𝗇𝗈 𝗍𝖾𝗋𝗋𝗂𝗍𝗈́𝗋𝗂𝗈; 𝗉𝗈𝗋 𝗈𝗎𝗍𝗋𝗈 𝗅𝖺𝖽𝗈, 𝖺 𝗆𝗂𝗇𝗈𝗋𝗂𝗓𝖺𝖼̧𝖺̃𝗈 𝖽𝗈 𝖽𝖾𝗌𝗉𝖾𝗋𝖽𝗂́𝖼𝗂𝗈 𝖽𝖾 𝗎𝗌𝗈 𝖽𝖾 𝖽𝗂𝗇𝗁𝖾𝗂𝗋𝗈𝗌 𝗉𝗎́𝖻𝗅𝗂𝖼𝗈𝗌 (𝖾𝗌𝗌𝖾 𝖾́ 𝗈 𝗉𝗈𝗇𝗍𝗈 𝖽𝖾 𝖿𝗂𝗇𝖺𝗇𝖼̧𝖺𝗌 𝗉𝗎́𝖻𝗅𝗂𝖼𝖺𝗌 𝗋𝖾𝗅𝖾𝗏𝖺𝗇𝗍𝖾!); 𝖿𝗂𝗇𝖺𝗅𝗆𝖾𝗇𝗍𝖾, 𝖾 𝗇𝖺̃𝗈 𝗆𝖾𝗇𝗈𝗌, 𝖺𝗌𝗌𝗂𝗆 𝗌𝖾 𝖿𝖺𝗓 𝖼𝖺𝗆𝗂𝗇𝗁𝗈 𝗉𝖺𝗋𝖺 𝗎𝗆𝖺 𝗍𝗋𝖺𝗇𝗌𝗂𝖼̧𝖺̃𝗈 𝖽𝖾 𝗁𝖺́𝖻𝗂𝗍𝗈𝗌 𝖽𝖾 𝗆𝗈𝖻𝗂𝗅𝗂𝖽𝖺𝖽𝖾 𝗆𝖺𝗂𝗌 𝖼𝗈𝗇𝗌𝖾𝗇𝗍𝖺̂𝗇𝖾𝖺 𝖼𝗈𝗆 𝖺𝗌 𝖾𝗑𝗂𝗀𝖾̂𝗇𝖼𝗂𝖺𝗌 𝖽𝖺 𝖾𝗆𝖾𝗋𝗀𝖾̂𝗇𝖼𝗂𝖺 𝖼𝗅𝗂𝗆𝖺́𝗍𝗂𝖼𝖺.
𝖠 𝗋𝖾𝗌𝗉𝖾𝗂𝗍𝗈 𝖽𝖾 𝗆𝗈𝖻𝗂𝗅𝗂𝖽𝖺𝖽𝖾, 𝖾́ 𝖻𝗈𝗆 𝗋𝖾𝗉𝖾𝗍𝗂𝗋 𝗊𝗎𝖾 𝖺 𝗀𝗋𝖺𝗇𝖽𝖾 𝗍𝗋𝖺𝗇𝗌𝗂𝖼̧𝖺̃𝗈 𝗇𝖺̃𝗈 𝖾𝗌𝗍𝖺́ 𝖾𝗆 𝗉𝖺𝗌𝗌𝖺𝗋 𝖽𝗈 𝗎𝗌𝗈 𝖽𝖾 𝖺𝗎𝗍𝗈𝗆𝗈́𝗏𝖾𝗂𝗌 𝗆𝗈𝗏𝗂𝖽𝗈𝗌 𝖺 𝖼𝗈𝗆𝖻𝗎𝗌𝗍𝗂́𝗏𝖾𝗂𝗌 𝖿𝗈́𝗌𝗌𝖾𝗂𝗌 𝗉𝖺𝗋𝖺 𝗈 𝖽𝖾 𝖺𝗎𝗍𝗈𝗆𝗈́𝗏𝖾𝗂𝗌 𝖾𝗅𝖾́𝖼𝗍𝗋𝗂𝖼𝗈𝗌, 𝗆𝖺𝗌 𝖽𝖾 𝖺𝗆𝖻𝗈𝗌 𝗉𝖺𝗋𝖺 𝗍𝗋𝖺𝗇𝗌𝗉𝗈𝗋𝗍𝖾𝗌 𝗉𝗎́𝖻𝗅𝗂𝖼𝗈𝗌 𝖾 𝖽𝖾 𝗍𝗋𝖺𝗇𝗌𝗉𝗈𝗋𝗍𝖾𝗌 𝗉𝗎́𝖻𝗅𝗂𝖼𝗈𝗌 𝖼𝗈𝗆 𝖼𝖺𝖽𝖺 𝗏𝖾𝗓 𝗆𝖺𝗂𝗈𝗋 𝗂𝗇𝖽𝖾𝗉𝖾𝗇𝖽𝖾̂𝗇𝖼𝗂𝖺 𝖽𝖾 𝖼𝗈𝗆𝖻𝗎𝗌𝗍𝗂́𝗏𝖾𝗂𝗌 𝖿𝗈́𝗌𝗌𝖾𝗂𝗌. 𝖤́ 𝗈 𝖼𝖺𝗌𝗈 𝖽𝖺 𝗅𝗂𝗇𝗁𝖺 𝖿𝖾́𝗋𝗋𝖾𝖺 𝖾𝗅𝖾𝖼𝗍𝗋𝗂𝖿𝗂𝖼𝖺𝖽𝖺.
𝖣𝖾𝖼𝖾𝗋𝗍𝗈, 𝖿𝖺𝗅𝗍𝖺𝗆 𝗆𝖾𝗅𝗁𝗈𝗋𝖾𝗌 𝖼𝗈𝗆𝖻𝗈𝗂𝗈𝗌, 𝗆𝖾𝗅𝗁𝗈𝗋𝖾𝗌 𝗌𝖾𝗋𝗏𝗂𝖼̧𝗈𝗌, 𝗆𝖺𝗂𝗌 𝗋𝖾𝖽𝖾 𝖾𝗅𝖾𝖼𝗍𝗋𝗂𝖿𝗂𝖼𝖺𝖽𝖺, 𝗋𝖾𝗌𝗍𝖺𝗎𝗋𝖺𝖼̧𝖺̃𝗈 𝖽𝖾 𝗅𝗂𝗇𝗁𝖺𝗌 𝖽𝖾𝗌𝖺𝖼𝗍𝗂𝗏𝖺𝖽𝖺𝗌, 𝗆𝖺𝗂𝗌 𝗅𝗂𝗀𝖺𝖼̧𝗈̃𝖾𝗌. 𝖬𝖺𝗌, 𝖽𝖾𝗉𝗈𝗂𝗌 𝖽𝖾 𝖽𝖾́𝖼𝖺𝖽𝖺𝗌 𝖽𝖾 𝖽𝖾𝗌𝗂𝗇𝗏𝖾𝗌𝗍𝗂𝗆𝖾𝗇𝗍𝗈 𝗊𝗎𝖺𝗇𝖽𝗈 𝗇𝖺̃𝗈 𝗆𝖾𝗌𝗆𝗈 𝖺𝖻𝖺𝗇𝖽𝗈𝗇𝗈, 𝖼𝗈𝗆 𝖺 𝗉𝗈𝗅𝗂́𝗍𝗂𝖼𝖺 𝖽𝖾 𝗉𝖺𝗌𝗌𝖾 𝖿𝖾𝗋𝗋𝗈𝗏𝗂𝖺́𝗋𝗂𝗈 𝗏𝗂𝗋𝖺-𝗌𝖾 𝖺 𝗉𝖺́𝗀𝗂𝗇𝖺 𝖽𝖺 𝗆𝖺𝗇𝖾𝗂𝗋𝖺 𝗆𝖺𝗂𝗌 𝗂𝗇𝗍𝖾𝗅𝗂𝗀𝖾𝗇𝗍𝖾. 𝖲𝖾 𝗃𝖺́ 𝗌𝖺𝖻𝗂́𝖺𝗆𝗈𝗌 𝗊𝗎𝖾 𝗂𝗆𝗉𝗈𝗋𝗍𝖺𝗏𝖺, 𝗉𝗈𝗋 𝗍𝗈𝖽𝖺𝗌 𝖺𝗌 𝗋𝖺𝗓𝗈̃𝖾𝗌, 𝖺𝗉𝗈𝗌𝗍𝖺𝗋 𝗇𝖺 𝖿𝖾𝗋𝗋𝗈𝗏𝗂𝖺, 𝗈 𝗉𝖺𝗌𝗌𝖾 𝖿𝖾𝗋𝗋𝗈𝗏𝗂𝖺́𝗋𝗂𝗈 𝖽𝖺́ 𝗎𝗆 𝗉𝖺𝗌𝗌𝗈 𝖾𝗆 𝖿𝗋𝖾𝗇𝗍𝖾 𝖺𝗈 𝗍𝗈𝗋𝗇𝖺𝗋 𝗈 𝗂𝗇𝗏𝖾𝗌𝗍𝗂𝗆𝖾𝗇𝗍𝗈 𝗇𝖺̃𝗈 𝖺𝗉𝖾𝗇𝖺𝗌 𝗎𝗆 𝗉𝗈𝗇𝗍𝗈 𝖽𝖾 𝗉𝖺𝗋𝗍𝗂𝖽𝖺, 𝗆𝖺𝗌 𝗍𝖺𝗆𝖻𝖾́𝗆 𝖺 𝖼𝗈𝗇𝗌𝖾𝗊𝗎𝖾̂𝗇𝖼𝗂𝖺 𝗇𝖺𝗍𝗎𝗋𝖺𝗅 𝖽𝖺 𝗋𝖾𝖾𝗆𝖾𝗋𝗀𝖾𝗇𝗍𝖾 𝗂𝗆𝗉𝗈𝗋𝗍𝖺̂𝗇𝖼𝗂𝖺 𝗌𝗈𝖼𝗂𝖺𝗅 𝖽𝖺 𝖿𝖾𝗋𝗋𝗈𝗏𝗂𝖺.
𝖣𝖾 𝖿𝖺𝖼𝗍𝗈, 𝗈 𝗉𝖺𝗌𝗌𝖾 𝖿𝖾𝗋𝗋𝗈𝗏𝗂𝖺́𝗋𝗂𝗈 𝖺𝖼𝗍𝗂𝗏𝗈𝗎 𝖺 𝗂𝗆𝗉𝗈𝗋𝗍𝖺̂𝗇𝖼𝗂𝖺 𝗌𝗈𝖼𝗂𝖺𝗅, 𝖾𝖼𝗈𝗅𝗈́𝗀𝗂𝖼𝖺 𝖾 𝖽𝖾 𝗂𝗇𝗏𝖾𝗌𝗍𝗂𝗆𝖾𝗇𝗍𝗈 𝗉𝗎́𝖻𝗅𝗂𝖼𝗈 𝖽𝖺 𝗋𝖾𝖽𝖾 𝖿𝖾𝗋𝗋𝗈𝗏𝗂𝖺́𝗋𝗂𝖺 𝗇𝖺𝖼𝗂𝗈𝗇𝖺𝗅. 𝖲𝖺̃𝗈 𝗃𝖺́ 𝗆𝖺𝗂𝗌 𝖽𝖾 𝟣𝟧𝟢 𝗆𝗂𝗅 𝗉𝖺𝗌𝗌𝖾𝗌 𝖾𝗆𝗂𝗍𝗂𝖽𝗈𝗌, 𝟧𝟢 𝗆𝗂𝗅 𝖽𝖾𝗅𝖾𝗌 𝗌𝖾𝗆𝗉𝗋𝖾 𝖺𝖼𝗍𝗂𝗏𝗈𝗌, 𝗆𝗎𝗂𝗍𝗈𝗌 𝖽𝖾𝗅𝖾𝗌 𝖽𝖾 𝖼𝗂𝖽𝖺𝖽𝖺̃𝗈𝗌 𝖼𝗈𝗆 𝗆𝖾𝗇𝗈𝗌 𝖽𝖾 𝟥𝟢 𝖺𝗇𝗈𝗌.
𝖣𝖾𝗌𝖾𝗃𝖺𝗏𝖾𝗅𝗆𝖾𝗇𝗍𝖾, 𝗍𝗈𝖽𝗈𝗌 𝗇𝗈́𝗌 𝖽𝖾𝗏𝗂́𝖺𝗆𝗈𝗌 𝖺𝖽𝗊𝗎𝗂𝗋𝗂𝗋 𝗎𝗆 𝗉𝖺𝗌𝗌𝖾 𝖿𝖾𝗋𝗋𝗈𝗏𝗂𝖺́𝗋𝗂𝗈, 𝗉𝖺𝗋𝖺 𝖾𝗆 𝖺𝗅𝗀𝗎𝗆 𝗆𝗈𝗆𝖾𝗇𝗍𝗈 𝗈 𝖼𝖺𝗋𝗋𝖾𝗀𝖺𝗋 𝖼𝗈𝗆 𝟤𝟢 𝖾𝗎𝗋𝗈𝗌 𝗉𝗈𝗋 𝟥𝟢 𝖽𝗂𝖺𝗌, 𝗌𝖾𝗃𝖺 𝗉𝖺𝗋𝖺 𝗂𝗋 𝗍𝗋𝖺𝖻𝖺𝗅𝗁𝖺𝗋, 𝗉𝖺𝗌𝗌𝖾𝖺𝗋 𝗇𝗈 𝖿𝗂𝗆 𝖽𝖾 𝗌𝖾𝗆𝖺𝗇𝖺, 𝖿𝖺𝗓𝖾𝗋 𝖿𝖾́𝗋𝗂𝖺𝗌. 𝖤𝗋𝖺 𝗎𝗆 𝗀𝗋𝖺𝗇𝖽𝖾 𝖺𝖼𝗍𝗈 𝖽𝖾 𝖼𝗂𝖽𝖺𝖽𝖺𝗇𝗂𝖺 𝖾 𝖼𝗈𝖾𝗌𝖺̃𝗈 𝗌𝖾, 𝗇𝖺𝗌 𝗇𝗈𝗌𝗌𝖺𝗌 𝖼𝖺𝗋𝗍𝖾𝗂𝗋𝖺𝗌, 𝗉𝖺𝗌𝗌𝖺́𝗌𝗌𝖾𝗆𝗈𝗌 𝖺 𝗍𝗋𝖺𝗓𝖾𝗋, 𝖻𝖾𝗆 𝗃𝗎𝗇𝗍𝗈 𝖽𝗈 𝖼𝖺𝗋𝗍𝖺̃𝗈 𝖽𝗈 𝖼𝗂𝖽𝖺𝖽𝖺̃𝗈, 𝗎𝗆 𝗉𝖺𝗌𝗌𝖾 𝖿𝖾𝗋𝗋𝗈𝗏𝗂𝖺́𝗋𝗂𝗈 𝗉𝖾𝗌𝗌𝗈𝖺𝗅 𝖾 𝗂𝗇𝗍𝗋𝖺𝗇𝗌𝗆𝗂𝗌𝗌𝗂́𝗏𝖾𝗅. 𝖤 𝖺𝗂𝗇𝖽𝖺 𝖾𝗌𝗍𝖺́ 𝗉𝗈𝗋 𝗉𝗋𝗈𝗏𝖺𝗋 𝗊𝗎𝖾 𝗁𝖺́ 𝗆𝖾𝗅𝗁𝗈𝗋 𝖿𝗈𝗋𝗆𝖺 𝖽𝖾 𝖺𝗍𝖾𝗌𝗍𝖺𝗋 𝖼𝗈𝗆𝗈 𝖾𝗌𝗍𝖾 𝗉𝖺𝗂́𝗌 𝖾́ 𝖻𝖾𝗅𝗈 𝖽𝗈 𝗊𝗎𝖾 𝖺̀ 𝗃𝖺𝗇𝖾𝗅𝖺 𝖽𝖾 𝗎𝗆 𝖼𝗈𝗆𝖻𝗈𝗂𝗈.
* Filósofo, Prof.Universidade da Beira Interior
IN "O JORNAL ECONÓMICO" - 04/93/25 .