NUNO SERRA

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Desventuras das

iniciativas liberais em educação

A ideia de que os pais possam escolher a escola dos filhos com cheques-ensino é uma ideia naturalmente sedutora. Mas também é ilusória. A alegada "liberdade de escolha" das famílias traduzir-se-á numa maior "liberdade de escolha" dos melhores estabelecimentos de ensino para selecionar os seus alunos, de modo a terem os melhores resultados e posições mais favoráveis nos rankings.

𝖭𝗈 𝗂𝗇𝗂́𝖼𝗂𝗈 𝖽𝗈𝗌 𝖺𝗇𝗈𝗌 𝟫𝟢, 𝖺 𝖲𝗎𝖾́𝖼𝗂𝖺 𝖺𝖽𝗈𝗍𝗈𝗎 𝗎𝗆 𝗌𝗂𝗌𝗍𝖾𝗆𝖺 𝖽𝖾 "𝖼𝗁𝖾𝗊𝗎𝖾𝗌-𝖾𝗇𝗌𝗂𝗇𝗈" (𝗏𝗈𝗎𝖼𝗁𝖾𝗋𝗌), 𝗉𝖾𝗋𝗆𝗂𝗍𝗂𝗇𝖽𝗈 𝗊𝗎𝖾 𝖾𝗌𝖼𝗈𝗅𝖺𝗌 𝗉𝗋𝗂𝗏𝖺𝖽𝖺𝗌 𝗉𝖺𝗌𝗌𝖺𝗌𝗌𝖾𝗆 𝖺 𝗌𝖾𝗋 𝖿𝗂𝗇𝖺𝗇𝖼𝗂𝖺𝖽𝖺𝗌 𝗉𝖾𝗅𝗈 𝖤𝗌𝗍𝖺𝖽𝗈, 𝗋𝖾𝖼𝖾𝖻𝖾𝗇𝖽𝗈 𝗉𝖺𝗋𝖺 𝗈 𝖾𝖿𝖾𝗂𝗍𝗈 𝗎𝗆 𝗆𝗈𝗇𝗍𝖺𝗇𝗍𝖾 𝗉𝗈𝗋 𝖺𝗅𝗎𝗇𝗈 𝖻𝖺𝗌𝖾𝖺𝖽𝗈 𝗇𝗈 𝗏𝖺𝗅𝗈𝗋 𝗆𝖾́𝖽𝗂𝗈 𝖽𝗈𝗌 𝖼𝗎𝗌𝗍𝗈𝗌 𝗈𝗉𝖾𝗋𝖺𝖼𝗂𝗈𝗇𝖺𝗂𝗌 𝖽𝖺𝗌 𝖾𝗌𝖼𝗈𝗅𝖺𝗌. 𝖠 𝗆𝖾𝖽𝗂𝖽𝖺 𝗅𝖾𝗏𝗈𝗎 𝖺𝗈 𝗌𝗎𝗋𝗀𝗂𝗆𝖾𝗇𝗍𝗈 𝖽𝖾 "𝖾𝗌𝖼𝗈𝗅𝖺𝗌 𝗂𝗇𝖽𝖾𝗉𝖾𝗇𝖽𝖾𝗇𝗍𝖾𝗌" (𝖿𝗋𝗂𝗌𝗄𝗈𝗅𝗈𝗋), 𝗍𝖾𝗇𝖽𝗈 𝗈𝗌 𝗉𝖺𝗂𝗌 𝗉𝖺𝗌𝗌𝖺𝖽𝗈 𝖺 𝗉𝗈𝖽𝖾𝗋 𝖾𝗌𝖼𝗈𝗅𝗁𝖾𝗋 𝖺𝗌 𝖾𝗌𝖼𝗈𝗅𝖺𝗌 𝖽𝗈𝗌 𝖿𝗂𝗅𝗁𝗈𝗌, 𝖿𝗈𝗆𝖾𝗇𝗍𝖺𝗇𝖽𝗈 𝖺 𝖼𝗈𝗆𝗉𝖾𝗍𝗂𝖼̧𝖺̃𝗈 𝖾𝗇𝗍𝗋𝖾 𝖾𝗅𝖺𝗌, 𝗇𝗈 𝗉𝗋𝖾𝗌𝗌𝗎𝗉𝗈𝗌𝗍𝗈 𝖽𝖾 𝗊𝗎𝖾 𝖺 𝖼𝗈𝗇𝖼𝗈𝗋𝗋𝖾̂𝗇𝖼𝗂𝖺 𝗆𝖾𝗅𝗁𝗈𝗋𝖺𝗋𝗂𝖺 𝗈 𝗌𝗂𝗌𝗍𝖾𝗆𝖺 𝖾𝖽𝗎𝖼𝖺𝗍𝗂𝗏𝗈 𝗇𝗈 𝗌𝖾𝗎 𝗍𝗈𝖽𝗈.

𝖤𝗌𝗍𝖺 𝖺𝗏𝖾𝗇𝗍𝗎𝗋𝖺 𝗅𝗂𝖻𝖾𝗋𝖺𝗅 𝖿𝗈𝗂 𝗈𝖻𝗃𝖾𝗍𝗈 𝖽𝖾 𝖺𝖼𝗅𝖺𝗆𝖺𝖼̧𝖺̃𝗈 𝗂𝗇𝗍𝖾𝗋𝗇𝖺𝖼𝗂𝗈𝗇𝖺𝗅, 𝗍𝖾𝗇𝖽𝗈 𝗅𝖾𝗏𝖺𝖽𝗈 𝗉𝗈𝗋 𝖾𝗑𝖾𝗆𝗉𝗅𝗈 𝗈 𝖼𝗈𝗇𝗌𝖾𝗋𝗏𝖺𝖽𝗈𝗋 𝖻𝗋𝗂𝗍𝖺̂𝗇𝗂𝖼𝗈 𝖬𝗂𝖼𝗁𝖺𝖾𝗅 𝖦𝗈𝗏𝖾, 𝗌𝖾𝖼𝗋𝖾𝗍𝖺́𝗋𝗂𝗈 𝖽𝖺 𝖤𝖽𝗎𝖼𝖺𝖼̧𝖺̃𝗈 𝖽𝖾 𝖣𝖺𝗏𝗂𝖽 𝖢𝖺𝗆𝖾𝗋𝗈𝗇 (𝟤𝟢𝟣𝟢-𝟤𝟢𝟣𝟦), 𝖺 𝖺𝖽𝗈𝗍𝖺𝗋 𝖺𝗌 𝖿𝗋𝗂𝗌𝗄𝗈𝗅𝗈𝗋 𝖼𝗈𝗆𝗈 𝗆𝗈𝖽𝖾𝗅𝗈 𝗉𝖺𝗋𝖺 𝖼𝖾𝗇𝗍𝖾𝗇𝖺𝗌 𝖽𝖾 𝗇𝗈𝗏𝖺𝗌 𝖾𝗌𝖼𝗈𝗅𝖺𝗌 𝗇𝗈 𝖱𝖾𝗂𝗇𝗈 𝖴𝗇𝗂𝖽𝗈. 𝖭𝖺 𝖲𝗎𝖾́𝖼𝗂𝖺 𝖾𝗌𝗍𝗂𝗆𝖺-𝗌𝖾 𝗊𝗎𝖾, 𝖺𝗍𝗎𝖺𝗅𝗆𝖾𝗇𝗍𝖾, 𝖺𝗌 𝖾𝗌𝖼𝗈𝗅𝖺𝗌 𝗉𝗋𝗂𝗏𝖺𝖽𝖺𝗌 𝗊𝗎𝖾 𝖻𝖾𝗇𝖾𝖿𝗂𝖼𝗂𝖺𝗋𝖺𝗆 𝖽𝖾𝗌𝗍𝖺 𝗉𝗈𝗅𝗂́𝗍𝗂𝖼𝖺 𝗍𝖾𝗇𝗁𝖺𝗆 𝗂𝗇𝗌𝖼𝗋𝗂𝗍𝗈𝗌 𝖼𝖾𝗋𝖼𝖺 𝖽𝖾 𝟣𝟧% 𝖽𝗈 𝗍𝗈𝗍𝖺𝗅 𝖽𝖾 𝖺𝗅𝗎𝗇𝗈𝗌 𝖾𝗇𝗍𝗋𝖾 𝗈𝗌 𝟨 𝖾 𝗈𝗌 𝟣𝟨 𝖺𝗇𝗈𝗌 𝖾 𝟥𝟢% 𝖽𝗈𝗌 𝖺𝗅𝗎𝗇𝗈𝗌 𝖽𝗈𝗌 𝟣𝟨 𝖺𝗈𝗌 𝟣𝟪 𝖺𝗇𝗈𝗌. 𝖤 𝗊𝗎𝖾, 𝖾𝗆 𝗍𝖾𝗋𝗆𝗈𝗌 𝖽𝖾 𝗋𝖾𝖽𝖾, 𝗋𝖾𝗉𝗋𝖾𝗌𝖾𝗇𝗍𝖾𝗆 𝖼𝖾𝗋𝖼𝖺 𝖽𝖾 𝟣𝟪% 𝖽𝗈 𝗍𝗈𝗍𝖺𝗅 𝖽𝖾 𝖾𝗌𝖼𝗈𝗅𝖺𝗌 𝖽𝗈 𝖾𝗇𝗌𝗂𝗇𝗈 𝖻𝖺́𝗌𝗂𝖼𝗈 𝖾 𝟥𝟨% 𝖽𝗈 𝖾𝗇𝗌𝗂𝗇𝗈 𝗌𝖾𝖼𝗎𝗇𝖽𝖺́𝗋𝗂𝗈.

𝖱𝖾𝖼𝖾𝗇𝗍𝖾𝗆𝖾𝗇𝗍𝖾, 𝗉𝗈𝗋𝖾́𝗆, 𝖾 𝗋𝖾𝖼𝗎𝗌𝖺𝗇𝖽𝗈 𝖺 𝗂𝖽𝖾𝗂𝖺 𝖽𝖾 𝗊𝗎𝖾 𝗌𝖾 𝗍𝗋𝖺𝗍𝖺 𝖽𝖾 𝖼𝖺𝗌𝗈𝗌 𝗆𝖾𝗋𝖺𝗆𝖾𝗇𝗍𝖾 𝗉𝗈𝗇𝗍𝗎𝖺𝗂𝗌, 𝖺 𝗆𝗂𝗇𝗂𝗌𝗍𝗋𝖺 𝖽𝖺 𝖤𝖽𝗎𝖼𝖺𝖼̧𝖺̃𝗈 𝗌𝗎𝖾𝖼𝖺, 𝖫𝗈𝗍𝗍𝖺 𝖤𝖽𝗁𝗈𝗅𝗆, 𝖽𝖾𝖼𝗅𝖺𝗋𝗈𝗎 𝖺𝗈 𝖳𝗁𝖾 𝖦𝗎𝖺𝗋𝖽𝗂𝖺𝗇 𝗊𝗎𝖾 𝖺𝗌 𝖿𝗋𝗂𝗌𝗄𝗈𝗅𝗈𝗋 𝖿𝗈𝗋𝖺𝗆 𝗎𝗆 "𝖿𝗋𝖺𝖼𝖺𝗌𝗌𝗈 𝗀𝖾𝗇𝖾𝗋𝖺𝗅𝗂𝗓𝖺𝖽𝗈", 𝖺𝗌𝗌𝗂𝗇𝖺𝗅𝖺𝗇𝖽𝗈 𝖺 𝗋𝖾𝖽𝗎𝖼̧𝖺̃𝗈 𝖽𝗈𝗌 𝗉𝖺𝖽𝗋𝗈̃𝖾𝗌 𝖽𝖾 𝗊𝗎𝖺𝗅𝗂𝖽𝖺𝖽𝖾 𝖾 𝖺 𝗂𝗇𝖿𝗅𝖺𝖼̧𝖺̃𝗈 𝖽𝖺𝗌 𝗇𝗈𝗍𝖺𝗌 𝖽𝗈𝗌 𝖺𝗅𝗎𝗇𝗈𝗌. 𝖤𝗆 𝗃𝗎𝗇𝗁𝗈 𝖽𝖾 𝟤𝟢𝟤𝟥, 𝗎𝗆 𝗋𝖾𝗅𝖺𝗍𝗈́𝗋𝗂𝗈 𝖽𝗈 𝗆𝖺𝗂𝗈𝗋 𝗌𝗂𝗇𝖽𝗂𝖼𝖺𝗍𝗈 𝖽𝖾 𝗉𝗋𝗈𝖿𝖾𝗌𝗌𝗈𝗋𝖾𝗌 𝖽𝖺 𝖲𝗎𝖾́𝖼𝗂𝖺 𝗍𝗂𝗇𝗁𝖺 𝗃𝖺́ 𝖺𝗅𝖾𝗋𝗍𝖺𝖽𝗈 𝗉𝖺𝗋𝖺 𝖺𝗌 𝖼𝗈𝗇𝗌𝖾𝗊𝗎𝖾̂𝗇𝖼𝗂𝖺𝗌 𝖽𝖾 𝗈 𝗌𝗂𝗌𝗍𝖾𝗆𝖺 𝖾𝖽𝗎𝖼𝖺𝗍𝗂𝗏𝗈 𝗌𝗎𝖾𝖼𝗈 𝗌𝖾 𝗍𝖾𝗋 𝗍𝗈𝗋𝗇𝖺𝖽𝗈 𝗇𝗎𝗆 𝖽𝗈𝗌 𝗆𝖺𝗂𝗌 𝗆𝖾𝗋𝖼𝖺𝗇𝗍𝗂𝗅𝗂𝗓𝖺𝖽𝗈𝗌 𝖽𝗈 𝗆𝗎𝗇𝖽𝗈, 𝗀𝖾𝗋𝖺𝗇𝖽𝗈 𝗉𝗂𝗈𝗋𝖾𝗌 𝗋𝖾𝗌𝗎𝗅𝗍𝖺𝖽𝗈𝗌, 𝗂𝗇𝖼𝗋𝖾𝗆𝖾𝗇𝗍𝖺𝗇𝖽𝗈 𝖺 𝗌𝖾𝗀𝗋𝖾𝗀𝖺𝖼̧𝖺̃𝗈 𝖾 𝗀𝗋𝖺𝗇𝗃𝖾𝖺𝗇𝖽𝗈 𝖺 𝗂𝗇𝗌𝖺𝗍𝗂𝗌𝖿𝖺𝖼̧𝖺̃𝗈 𝖽𝗈𝗌 𝗉𝗋𝗈́𝗉𝗋𝗂𝗈𝗌 𝖺𝗅𝗎𝗇𝗈𝗌. 𝖯𝗋𝗈𝗉𝗈𝗇𝖽𝗈 𝗎𝗆𝖺 𝗋𝖾𝖿𝗈𝗋𝗆𝖺 𝖽𝗈 𝗆𝗈𝖽𝖾𝗅𝗈, 𝖺 𝗆𝗂𝗇𝗂𝗌𝗍𝗋𝖺 𝖫𝗈𝗍𝗍𝖺 𝖤𝖽𝗁𝗈𝗅𝗆 𝖺𝗌𝗌𝖾𝗀𝗎𝗋𝗈𝗎 𝗊𝗎𝖾 𝗉𝖺𝗌𝗌𝖺𝗋𝖺́ 𝖺 "𝖽𝖾𝗂𝗑𝖺𝗋 𝖽𝖾 𝗌𝖾𝗋 𝗉𝗈𝗌𝗌𝗂́𝗏𝖾𝗅 𝗈𝖻𝗍𝖾𝗋 𝗅𝗎𝖼𝗋𝗈𝗌 𝖺̀ 𝖼𝗎𝗌𝗍𝖺 𝖽𝖺 𝗊𝗎𝖺𝗅𝗂𝖽𝖺𝖽𝖾 𝖽𝖺 𝖾𝖽𝗎𝖼𝖺𝖼̧𝖺̃𝗈".

𝖠 𝗂𝖽𝖾𝗂𝖺 𝖽𝖾 𝗊𝗎𝖾 𝗈𝗌 𝗉𝖺𝗂𝗌 𝗉𝗈𝗌𝗌𝖺𝗆 𝖾𝗌𝖼𝗈𝗅𝗁𝖾𝗋 𝖺 𝖾𝗌𝖼𝗈𝗅𝖺 𝖽𝗈𝗌 𝖿𝗂𝗅𝗁𝗈𝗌, 𝖺𝗍𝗋𝖺𝗏𝖾́𝗌 𝖽𝖺 𝖺𝗍𝗋𝗂𝖻𝗎𝗂𝖼̧𝖺̃𝗈 𝖽𝖾 𝖼𝗁𝖾𝗊𝗎𝖾𝗌-𝖾𝗇𝗌𝗂𝗇𝗈 (𝖺𝗈 𝗂𝗇𝗏𝖾́𝗌 𝖽𝖾 𝖿𝗂𝗇𝖺𝗇𝖼𝗂𝖺𝗋 𝗎𝗆𝖺 𝗋𝖾𝖽𝖾 𝗉𝗎́𝖻𝗅𝗂𝖼𝖺 𝖽𝖾 𝖾𝗌𝖼𝗈𝗅𝖺𝗌 𝗊𝗎𝖾 𝗀𝖺𝗋𝖺𝗇𝗍𝖺 𝗈 𝖺𝖼𝖾𝗌𝗌𝗈 𝖽𝖾 𝗍𝗈𝖽𝗈𝗌 𝖺 𝗎𝗆𝖺 𝖾𝖽𝗎𝖼𝖺𝖼̧𝖺̃𝗈 𝖽𝖾 𝗊𝗎𝖺𝗅𝗂𝖽𝖺𝖽𝖾) 𝖾́ 𝗎𝗆𝖺 𝗂𝖽𝖾𝗂𝖺 𝗇𝖺𝗍𝗎𝗋𝖺𝗅𝗆𝖾𝗇𝗍𝖾 𝗌𝖾𝖽𝗎𝗍𝗈𝗋𝖺. 𝖳𝖺̃𝗈 𝗌𝖾𝖽𝗎𝗍𝗈𝗋𝖺, 𝗉𝗈𝗋𝖾́𝗆, 𝗊𝗎𝖺𝗇𝗍𝗈 𝗂𝗅𝗎𝗌𝗈́𝗋𝗂𝖺. 𝖣𝖾 𝖿𝖺𝖼𝗍𝗈, 𝗅𝖾𝗏𝖺𝖽𝖺 𝖺̀ 𝗉𝗋𝖺́𝗍𝗂𝖼𝖺, 𝖺 𝖺𝗅𝖾𝗀𝖺𝖽𝖺 "𝗅𝗂𝖻𝖾𝗋𝖽𝖺𝖽𝖾 𝖽𝖾 𝖾𝗌𝖼𝗈𝗅𝗁𝖺" 𝖽𝖺𝗌 𝖿𝖺𝗆𝗂́𝗅𝗂𝖺𝗌 𝗍𝗋𝖺𝖽𝗎𝗓-𝗌𝖾, 𝗂𝗌𝗌𝗈 𝗌𝗂𝗆 – 𝖽𝖺𝖽𝗈 𝗈 𝗂𝗇𝖼𝖾𝗇𝗍𝗂𝗏𝗈 𝗉𝖺𝗋𝖺 𝗊𝗎𝖾 𝖺𝗌 𝖾𝗌𝖼𝗈𝗅𝖺𝗌 𝖼𝗈𝗇𝖼𝗈𝗋𝗋𝖺𝗆 𝖾𝗇𝗍𝗋𝖾 𝗌𝗂 – 𝗇𝗎𝗆𝖺 𝗆𝖺𝗂𝗈𝗋 "𝗅𝗂𝖻𝖾𝗋𝖽𝖺𝖽𝖾 𝖽𝖾 𝖾𝗌𝖼𝗈𝗅𝗁𝖺" 𝖽𝗈𝗌 𝗆𝖾𝗅𝗁𝗈𝗋𝖾𝗌 𝖾𝗌𝗍𝖺𝖻𝖾𝗅𝖾𝖼𝗂𝗆𝖾𝗇𝗍𝗈𝗌 𝖽𝖾 𝖾𝗇𝗌𝗂𝗇𝗈 𝗉𝖺𝗋𝖺 𝗌𝖾𝗅𝖾𝖼𝗂𝗈𝗇𝖺𝗋 𝗈𝗌 𝗌𝖾𝗎𝗌 𝖺𝗅𝗎𝗇𝗈𝗌, 𝖽𝖾 𝗆𝗈𝖽𝗈 𝖺 𝗈𝖻𝗍𝖾𝗋𝖾𝗆 𝗈𝗌 𝗆𝖾𝗅𝗁𝗈𝗋𝖾𝗌 𝗋𝖾𝗌𝗎𝗅𝗍𝖺𝖽𝗈𝗌 𝖾 𝗉𝗈𝗌𝗂𝖼̧𝗈̃𝖾𝗌 𝗆𝖺𝗂𝗌 𝖿𝖺𝗏𝗈𝗋𝖺́𝗏𝖾𝗂𝗌 𝗇𝗈𝗌 𝗋𝖺𝗇𝗄𝗂𝗇𝗀𝗌.

𝖬𝖺𝗌 𝖾́ 𝗆𝖺𝗂𝗌 𝗊𝗎𝖾 𝗂𝗌𝗌𝗈. 𝖳𝖺𝗅 𝖼𝗈𝗆𝗈 𝗇𝖺 𝗌𝖺𝗎́𝖽𝖾, 𝖺 𝗉𝗋𝗂𝗏𝖺𝗍𝗂𝗓𝖺𝖼̧𝖺̃𝗈 𝖽𝖺 𝖾𝖽𝗎𝖼𝖺𝖼̧𝖺̃𝗈 𝖺𝗍𝗋𝖺𝗏𝖾́𝗌 𝖽𝖺 𝖺𝗍𝗋𝗂𝖻𝗎𝗂𝖼̧𝖺̃𝗈 𝖽𝖾 𝗏𝗈𝗎𝖼𝗁𝖾𝗋𝗌, 𝖼𝗈𝗆 𝗈 𝖽𝖾𝗌𝗏𝗂𝗈 𝖽𝖾 𝗋𝖾𝖼𝗎𝗋𝗌𝗈𝗌 𝖾𝗌𝗍𝖺𝗍𝖺𝗂𝗌, 𝖾𝗌𝗌𝖾𝗇𝖼𝗂𝖺𝗂𝗌 𝗉𝖺𝗋𝖺 𝗀𝖺𝗋𝖺𝗇𝗍𝗂𝗋 𝖾 𝗆𝖾𝗅𝗁𝗈𝗋𝖺𝗋 𝗈𝗌 𝗌𝖾𝗋𝗏𝗂𝖼̧𝗈𝗌 𝗉𝗎́𝖻𝗅𝗂𝖼𝗈𝗌, 𝖾́ 𝗀𝖾𝗋𝖺𝖽𝗈𝗋𝖺 𝖽𝖾 𝖽𝗂𝗇𝖺̂𝗆𝗂𝖼𝖺𝗌 𝖽𝖾 𝖽𝗂𝗏𝖾𝗋𝗀𝖾̂𝗇𝖼𝗂𝖺 𝖼𝗎𝗆𝗎𝗅𝖺𝗍𝗂𝗏𝖺, 𝖼𝗈𝗆 𝖺𝗌 𝗆𝖾𝗅𝗁𝗈𝗋𝖾𝗌 𝖾𝗌𝖼𝗈𝗅𝖺𝗌 𝖺 𝗌𝖾𝗋𝖾𝗆 𝖼𝖺𝗉𝖺𝗓𝖾𝗌 𝖽𝖾 𝖺𝗍𝗋𝖺𝗂𝗋 𝗈𝗌 𝗆𝖾𝗅𝗁𝗈𝗋𝖾𝗌 𝗉𝗋𝗈𝖿𝗂𝗌𝗌𝗂𝗈𝗇𝖺𝗂𝗌, 𝖽𝖾𝗌𝖾𝗇𝖼𝖺𝖽𝖾𝖺𝗇𝖽𝗈 𝖾 𝖺𝖼𝖾𝗇𝗍𝗎𝖺𝗇𝖽𝗈 𝖿𝖾𝗇𝗈́𝗆𝖾𝗇𝗈𝗌 𝖽𝖾 𝗌𝖾𝗀𝗋𝖾𝗀𝖺𝖼̧𝖺̃𝗈 𝖾 𝖽𝖾 𝗆𝖺𝗂𝗈𝗋 𝖽𝖾𝗌𝗂𝗀𝗎𝖺𝗅𝖽𝖺𝖽𝖾 𝖽𝖾 𝗈𝗉𝗈𝗋𝗍𝗎𝗇𝗂𝖽𝖺𝖽𝖾𝗌.

𝖭𝖺 𝖼𝖺𝗆𝗉𝖺𝗇𝗁𝖺 𝖾𝗅𝖾𝗂𝗍𝗈𝗋𝖺𝗅 𝗊𝗎𝖾 𝗌𝖾 𝖺𝗏𝗂𝗓𝗂𝗇𝗁𝖺, 𝖾 𝖽𝖾 𝖿𝗈𝗋𝗆𝖺 𝗆𝖺𝗂𝗌 𝗈𝗎 𝗆𝖾𝗇𝗈𝗌 𝖽𝗂𝗌𝗌𝗂𝗆𝗎𝗅𝖺𝖽𝖺, 𝖺𝗌𝗌𝗂𝗌𝗍𝗂𝗋𝖾𝗆𝗈𝗌 𝗎𝗆𝖺 𝗏𝖾𝗓 𝗆𝖺𝗂𝗌 𝖺𝗈 𝗋𝖾𝗀𝗋𝖾𝗌𝗌𝗈 𝖽𝗈 𝖼𝖺𝗇𝗍𝗈 𝖽𝖾 𝗌𝖾𝗋𝖾𝗂𝖺 𝖽𝖺 𝖽𝗂𝗋𝖾𝗂𝗍𝖺 𝖾𝗆 𝗍𝗈𝗋𝗇𝗈 𝖽𝖺 "𝗅𝗂𝖻𝖾𝗋𝖽𝖺𝖽𝖾 𝖽𝖾 𝖾𝗌𝖼𝗈𝗅𝗁𝖺", 𝖼𝗈𝗆 𝗈 𝖺𝗋𝗀𝗎𝗆𝖾𝗇𝗍𝗈 𝖽𝖾 𝗊𝗎𝖾 𝖾́ 𝗂𝗇𝖽𝗂𝖿𝖾𝗋𝖾𝗇𝗍𝖾 𝗌𝖾 𝖺 𝗉𝗋𝗈𝗏𝗂𝗌𝖺̃𝗈 𝖾́ 𝖺𝗌𝗌𝖾𝗀𝗎𝗋𝖺𝖽𝖺 𝗉𝖾𝗅𝗈 𝗉𝗎́𝖻𝗅𝗂𝖼𝗈 𝗈𝗎 𝗉𝖾𝗅𝗈 𝗉𝗋𝗂𝗏𝖺𝖽𝗈. 𝖮𝗌 𝗌𝗂𝗇𝖺𝗂𝗌 𝗌𝖺̃𝗈 𝖼𝗅𝖺𝗋𝗈𝗌, 𝖼𝗈𝗆 𝖺 𝗇𝗈𝗏𝖺/𝗏𝖾𝗅𝗁𝖺 𝖠𝖣 𝖺 𝗉𝗋𝗈𝗆𝖾𝗍𝖾𝗋 𝗈 𝗋𝖾𝖿𝗈𝗋𝖼̧𝗈 𝖽𝗈𝗌 𝖢𝗈𝗇𝗍𝗋𝖺𝗍𝗈𝗌 𝖽𝖾 𝖠𝗌𝗌𝗈𝖼𝗂𝖺𝖼̧𝖺̃𝗈, 𝖺 𝖨𝖫 𝖺 𝗉𝗋𝗈𝗆𝖾𝗍𝖾𝗋 𝖾𝗌𝖼𝗈𝗅𝖺𝗌 𝖾𝗆 𝖼𝗈𝗆𝗉𝖾𝗍𝗂𝖼̧𝖺̃𝗈 𝗉𝖾𝗅𝖺𝗌 𝗉𝗋𝖾𝖿𝖾𝗋𝖾̂𝗇𝖼𝗂𝖺𝗌 𝖽𝖺𝗌 𝖿𝖺𝗆𝗂́𝗅𝗂𝖺𝗌 𝖾 𝗈 𝖢𝗁𝖾𝗀𝖺 𝖺 𝗂𝗋, 𝖾𝗏𝗂𝖽𝖾𝗇𝗍𝖾𝗆𝖾𝗇𝗍𝖾, 𝗉𝖾𝗅𝗈𝗌 𝗆𝖾𝗌𝗆𝗈𝗌 𝖼𝖺𝗆𝗂𝗇𝗁𝗈𝗌.

*Geógrafo, coautor do blogue Ladrões de Bicicletas e membro da direção da revista Manifesto.

IN "SETENTA E QUATRO" - 01/02/24.

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