FILIPE MORAIS

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IGNORANTES E ALDRABANTES

Um país de ignorantes

A ciência da ignorância distingue alguns conceitos importantes. Desde logo, existe a ignorância primária (o indivíduo não sabe que é ignorante) e a ignorância reconhecida (o indivíduo sabe que é ignorante).

𝖠 𝗂𝗀𝗇𝗈𝗋𝖺̂𝗇𝖼𝗂𝖺 𝖺𝖿𝖾𝖼𝗍𝖺 𝖺 𝗍𝗈𝖽𝗈𝗌. 𝖤́ 𝗉𝗈𝗋 𝗂𝗌𝗌𝗈 𝗂𝗆𝗉𝗈𝗋𝗍𝖺𝗇𝗍𝖾 𝗋𝖾𝖽𝗎𝗓𝗂𝗋 𝖺 𝗇𝗈𝗌𝗌𝖺 𝗂𝗀𝗇𝗈𝗋𝖺̂𝗇𝖼𝗂𝖺 𝗌𝗈𝖻𝗋𝖾 𝖺 𝗂𝗀𝗇𝗈𝗋𝖺̂𝗇𝖼𝗂𝖺. 𝖠 𝖼𝗂𝖾̂𝗇𝖼𝗂𝖺 𝖽𝖺 𝗂𝗀𝗇𝗈𝗋𝖺̂𝗇𝖼𝗂𝖺 𝖽𝗂𝗌𝗍𝗂𝗇𝗀𝗎𝖾 𝖺𝗅𝗀𝗎𝗇𝗌 𝖼𝗈𝗇𝖼𝖾𝗂𝗍𝗈𝗌 𝗂𝗆𝗉𝗈𝗋𝗍𝖺𝗇𝗍𝖾𝗌. 𝖣𝖾𝗌𝖽𝖾 𝗅𝗈𝗀𝗈, 𝖾𝗑𝗂𝗌𝗍𝖾 𝖺 𝗂𝗀𝗇𝗈𝗋𝖺̂𝗇𝖼𝗂𝖺 𝗉𝗋𝗂𝗆𝖺́𝗋𝗂𝖺 (𝗈 𝗂𝗇𝖽𝗂𝗏𝗂́𝖽𝗎𝗈 𝗇𝖺̃𝗈 𝗌𝖺𝖻𝖾 𝗊𝗎𝖾 𝖾́ 𝗂𝗀𝗇𝗈𝗋𝖺𝗇𝗍𝖾) 𝖾 𝖺 𝗂𝗀𝗇𝗈𝗋𝖺̂𝗇𝖼𝗂𝖺 𝗋𝖾𝖼𝗈𝗇𝗁𝖾𝖼𝗂𝖽𝖺 (𝗈 𝗂𝗇𝖽𝗂𝗏𝗂́𝖽𝗎𝗈 𝗌𝖺𝖻𝖾 𝗊𝗎𝖾 𝖾́ 𝗂𝗀𝗇𝗈𝗋𝖺𝗇𝗍𝖾).

𝖤𝗆 𝗍𝖾𝗋𝗆𝗈𝗌 𝗀𝖾𝗋𝖺𝗂𝗌, 𝖺 𝗂𝗀𝗇𝗈𝗋𝖺̂𝗇𝖼𝗂𝖺 𝗋𝖾𝖿𝖾𝗋𝖾-𝗌𝖾 𝖺 𝖺𝗎𝗌𝖾̂𝗇𝖼𝗂𝖺 𝖽𝖾 𝖼𝗈𝗇𝗁𝖾𝖼𝗂𝗆𝖾𝗇𝗍𝗈 𝗌𝗈𝖻𝗋𝖾 𝖺𝗅𝗀𝗈 𝗈𝗎 𝖺𝗅𝗀𝗎𝖾́𝗆, 𝖾 𝖺 𝗎𝗆𝖺 𝗂𝗇𝖼𝖺𝗉𝖺𝖼𝗂𝖽𝖺𝖽𝖾, 𝗂𝗆𝗉𝗈𝗌𝗌𝗂𝖻𝗂𝗅𝗂𝖽𝖺𝖽𝖾 𝗈𝗎 𝖽𝖾𝗌𝗂𝗇𝗍𝖾𝗋𝖾𝗌𝗌𝖾 𝖾𝗆 𝖺𝖽𝗊𝗎𝗂𝗋𝗂𝗋 𝖾𝗌𝗌𝖾 𝖼𝗈𝗇𝗁𝖾𝖼𝗂𝗆𝖾𝗇𝗍𝗈. 𝖠𝗌𝗌𝗂𝗆, 𝗉𝗈𝖽𝖾 𝖽𝗂𝗓𝖾𝗋-𝗌𝖾 𝗊𝗎𝖾 𝖾𝗑𝗂𝗌𝗍𝖾 𝖺 𝗂𝗀𝗇𝗈𝗋𝖺̂𝗇𝖼𝗂𝖺 𝖼𝗈𝗇𝗌𝖼𝗂𝖾𝗇𝗍𝖾, 𝖾𝗌𝗍𝗋𝖺𝗍𝖾́𝗀𝗂𝖼𝖺 𝖾 𝖿𝗂𝗇𝗀𝗂𝖽𝖺. 𝖢𝗈𝗆𝖾𝖼𝖾𝗆𝗈𝗌 𝗉𝖾𝗅𝖺 𝗎́𝗅𝗍𝗂𝗆𝖺, 𝖺 𝗂𝗀𝗇𝗈𝗋𝖺̂𝗇𝖼𝗂𝖺 𝖿𝗂𝗇𝗀𝗂𝖽𝖺.

𝖮𝗌 𝖾𝗑𝖾𝗆𝗉𝗅𝗈𝗌 𝖺𝖻𝗎𝗇𝖽𝖺𝗆 𝖾𝗆 𝗊𝗎𝖺𝗅𝗊𝗎𝖾𝗋 𝖽𝖺𝗌 𝗏𝖾𝗋𝗀𝗈𝗇𝗁𝗈𝗌𝖺𝗌 𝖼𝗈𝗆𝗂𝗌𝗌𝗈̃𝖾𝗌 𝖽𝖾 𝗂𝗇𝗊𝗎𝖾́𝗋𝗂𝗍𝗈, 𝗈𝗎 𝗆𝖺𝗂𝗌 𝗋𝖾𝖼𝖾𝗇𝗍𝖾𝗆𝖾𝗇𝗍𝖾, 𝗊𝗎𝖺𝗇𝖽𝗈 𝖼𝖾𝗋𝗍𝗈𝗌 𝗉𝗈𝗅𝗂́𝗍𝗂𝖼𝗈𝗌 𝗇𝖺̃𝗈 𝗌𝖾 𝗋𝖾𝖼𝗈𝗋𝖽𝖺𝗆 𝖼𝗈𝗆𝗈 𝗏𝗈𝗍𝖺𝗋𝖺𝗆 𝗇𝗈 𝗉𝖺𝗋𝗅𝖺𝗆𝖾𝗇𝗍𝗈 𝗆𝖺𝗍𝖾́𝗋𝗂𝖺𝗌 𝗋𝖾𝗅𝖺𝗍𝗂𝗏𝖺𝗌 𝖺̀𝗌 𝖺𝗃𝗎𝖽𝖺𝗌 𝖽𝖾 𝖼𝗎𝗌𝗍𝗈 𝖽𝗈𝗌 𝖽𝖾𝗉𝗎𝗍𝖺𝖽𝗈𝗌, 𝗈𝗎 𝖺𝖿𝗂𝗋𝗆𝖺𝗆 𝗂𝗀𝗇𝗈𝗋𝖺𝗋 𝗌𝖾 𝖺𝗉𝗋𝗈𝗏𝖺𝗋𝖺𝗆 𝗋𝖾𝗆𝗎𝗇𝖾𝗋𝖺𝖼̧𝗈̃𝖾𝗌 𝖽𝖾 𝗀𝖾𝗌𝗍𝗈𝗋𝖾𝗌 𝗉𝗎́𝖻𝗅𝗂𝖼𝗈𝗌. 𝖤𝗌𝗍𝖺 𝖾́ 𝖺 𝗍𝗂́𝗉𝗂𝖼𝖺 𝗆𝖾𝗆𝗈́𝗋𝗂𝖺 𝗌𝖾𝗅𝖾𝖼𝗍𝗂𝗏𝖺 𝗊𝗎𝖾 𝖺𝖿𝖾𝖼𝗍𝖺 𝗍𝖺𝗇𝗍𝖺 𝗀𝖾𝗇𝗍𝖾 𝖾𝗆 𝖼𝖺𝗋𝗀𝗈𝗌 𝖽𝖾 𝗋𝖾𝗌𝗉𝗈𝗇𝗌𝖺𝖻𝗂𝗅𝗂𝖽𝖺𝖽𝖾, 𝗉𝗎́𝖻𝗅𝗂𝖼𝗈𝗌 𝖾 𝗉𝗋𝗂𝗏𝖺𝖽𝗈𝗌.

𝖠 𝗂𝗀𝗇𝗈𝗋𝖺̂𝗇𝖼𝗂𝖺 𝖼𝗈𝗇𝗌𝖼𝗂𝖾𝗇𝗍𝖾, 𝗉𝗈𝗋 𝗈𝗎𝗍𝗋𝗈 𝗅𝖺𝖽𝗈, 𝗉𝖺𝗌𝗌𝖺 𝗉𝗈𝗋 𝗎𝗆𝖺 𝗋𝖾𝖼𝗎𝗌𝖺 𝖾𝗆 𝗊𝗎𝖾𝗋𝖾𝗋 𝗌𝖺𝖻𝖾𝗋. 𝖤𝗌𝗍𝖾 𝗍𝗂𝗉𝗈 𝖽𝖾 𝗂𝗀𝗇𝗈𝗋𝖺̂𝗇𝖼𝗂𝖺 𝗉𝗈𝖽𝖾 𝗍𝖾𝗋 𝖺𝗅𝗀𝗈 𝖽𝖾 𝖾𝗌𝗍𝗋𝖺𝗍𝖾́𝗀𝗂𝖼𝗈. 𝖯𝗈𝗋 𝖾𝗑𝖾𝗆𝗉𝗅𝗈, 𝗎𝗆 𝗂𝗇𝖽𝗂𝗏𝗂́𝖽𝗎𝗈 𝗉𝗈𝖽𝖾 𝗋𝖾𝖼𝗎𝗌𝖺𝗋-𝗌𝖾 𝖺 𝗌𝖺𝖻𝖾𝗋 𝗆𝖺𝗂𝗌 𝗌𝗈𝖻𝗋𝖾 𝗈 𝗊𝗎𝖾 𝗌𝖾 𝗉𝖺𝗌𝗌𝖺 𝗇𝖺 𝖲𝗂́𝗋𝗂𝖺, 𝗇𝖺 𝖴𝖼𝗋𝖺̂𝗇𝗂𝖺 𝗈𝗎 𝗇𝖺 𝖥𝖺𝗂𝗑𝖺 𝖽𝖾 𝖦𝖺𝗓𝖺, 𝗉𝗈𝗋𝗊𝗎𝖾 𝗂𝗌𝗌𝗈 𝗂𝗋𝖺́ 𝗉𝗋𝗈𝗏𝗈𝖼𝖺𝗋 𝖽𝖾𝗌𝖼𝗈𝗇𝖿𝗈𝗋𝗍𝗈 𝖾𝗆𝗈𝖼𝗂𝗈𝗇𝖺𝗅. 𝖮 𝖬𝗂𝗇𝗂𝗌𝗍𝗋𝗈 𝗈𝗎 𝖲𝖾𝖼𝗋𝖾𝗍𝖺́𝗋𝗂𝗈 𝖽𝖾 𝖤𝗌𝗍𝖺𝖽𝗈 𝗉𝗈𝖽𝖾 𝖾𝗏𝗂𝗍𝖺𝗋 𝗌𝖺𝗂𝗋 𝖽𝗈 𝗀𝖺𝖻𝗂𝗇𝖾𝗍𝖾 𝖾 𝖼𝗈𝗇𝖿𝗋𝗈𝗇𝗍𝖺𝗋 𝗁𝗂𝗌𝗍𝗈́𝗋𝗂𝖺𝗌 𝗋𝖾𝖺𝗂𝗌 𝖽𝖾 𝗉𝗈𝖻𝗋𝖾𝗓𝖺. 𝖴𝗆 𝗆𝖺𝗀𝗂𝗌𝗍𝗋𝖺𝖽𝗈 𝖽𝗈 𝖬𝗂𝗇𝗂𝗌𝗍𝖾́𝗋𝗂𝗈 𝖯𝗎́𝖻𝗅𝗂𝖼𝗈 𝗉𝗈𝖽𝖾 𝗉𝗋𝖾𝖿𝖾𝗋𝗂𝗋 𝗇𝖺̃𝗈 𝗌𝖺𝖻𝖾𝗋, 𝗉𝖺𝗋𝖺 𝗇𝖺̃𝗈 𝗍𝖾𝗋 𝗊𝗎𝖾 𝖺𝗀𝗂𝗋. 𝖤́ 𝗈 𝗍𝖺𝗅 “𝗅𝗈𝗇𝗀𝖾 𝖽𝖺 𝗏𝗂𝗌𝗍𝖺, 𝗅𝗈𝗇𝗀𝖾 𝖽𝗈 𝖼𝗈𝗋𝖺𝖼̧𝖺̃𝗈”.

𝖩𝖺́ 𝖺 𝗂𝗀𝗇𝗈𝗋𝖺̂𝗇𝖼𝗂𝖺 𝖾𝗌𝗍𝗋𝖺𝗍𝖾́𝗀𝗂𝖼𝖺 𝗍𝖾𝗆 𝖾𝗌𝗉𝖾𝖼𝗂𝖺𝗅 𝗂𝗇𝗍𝖾𝗋𝖾𝗌𝗌𝖾. 𝖬𝗎𝗂𝗍𝖺𝗌 𝗏𝖾𝗓𝖾𝗌, 𝖺𝗌 𝗉𝖾𝗌𝗌𝗈𝖺𝗌 𝗉𝗋𝖾𝖿𝖾𝗋𝖾𝗆 𝖿𝗈𝖼𝖺𝗋 𝖺𝗍𝖾𝗇𝖼̧𝖺̃𝗈 𝖾𝗆 𝖺𝗌𝗉𝖾𝖼𝗍𝗈𝗌 𝗊𝗎𝖾 𝗋𝖾𝖿𝗈𝗋𝖼̧𝖺𝗆 𝖺𝗌 𝗌𝗎𝖺𝗌 𝖼𝗋𝖾𝗇𝖼̧𝖺𝗌 𝖾 𝗂𝖽𝖾𝗈𝗅𝗈𝗀𝗂𝖺𝗌 𝖾 𝗂𝗀𝗇𝗈𝗋𝖺𝗋 𝖺𝗌𝗉𝖾𝖼𝗍𝗈𝗌 𝗊𝗎𝖾 𝖺𝗌 𝖼𝗈𝗅𝗈𝖼𝖺𝗆 𝖾𝗆 𝖼𝖺𝗎𝗌𝖺. 𝖮 𝖡𝗅𝗈𝖼𝗈 𝖽𝖾 𝖤𝗌𝗊𝗎𝖾𝗋𝖽𝖺 𝖺𝗈 𝗏𝗈𝗍𝖺𝗋 𝖼𝗈𝗇𝗍𝗋𝖺 𝗆𝖾𝖽𝗂𝖽𝖺𝗌 𝗊𝗎𝖾 𝗋𝖾𝖿𝗈𝗋𝖼̧𝖺𝗆 𝖺 𝗅𝗂𝗍𝖾𝗋𝖺𝖼𝗂𝖺 𝖿𝗂𝗇𝖺𝗇𝖼𝖾𝗂𝗋𝖺 𝖽𝖺 𝗉𝗈𝗉𝗎𝗅𝖺𝖼̧𝖺̃𝗈 𝖾𝗌𝗍𝖺́, 𝗉𝗋𝖾𝖼𝗂𝗌𝖺𝗆𝖾𝗇𝗍𝖾, 𝖺 𝖿𝖺𝗓𝖾𝗋 𝗂𝗌𝗍𝗈. 𝖠𝗊𝗎𝖾𝗅𝖾𝗌 𝗊𝗎𝖾 𝗇𝖾𝗀𝖺𝗆 𝖺𝗌 𝖺𝗅𝗍𝖾𝗋𝖺𝖼̧𝗈̃𝖾𝗌 𝖼𝗅𝗂𝗆𝖺́𝗍𝗂𝖼𝖺𝗌 𝖾𝗇𝗊𝗎𝖺𝗇𝗍𝗈 𝗋𝖾𝗌𝗎𝗅𝗍𝖺𝖽𝗈 𝖽𝖺 𝖺𝖼𝖼̧𝖺̃𝗈 𝗁𝗎𝗆𝖺𝗇𝖺, 𝗂𝗀𝗇𝗈𝗋𝖺𝗆 𝗎𝗆 𝖺𝖼𝗎𝗆𝗎𝗅𝖺𝗋 𝖽𝖾 𝖾𝗏𝗂𝖽𝖾̂𝗇𝖼𝗂𝖺 𝖾 𝖼𝗈𝗇𝗌𝖾𝗇𝗌𝗈 𝖼𝗂𝖾𝗇𝗍𝗂́𝖿𝗂𝖼𝗈 𝗌𝗈𝖻𝗋𝖾 𝖺 𝗆𝖺𝗍𝖾́𝗋𝗂𝖺.

𝖬𝖺𝗂𝗌. 𝖮𝗌 𝗆𝖾́𝖽𝗂𝖺 𝖼𝖺𝗉𝗍𝗎𝗋𝖺𝖽𝗈𝗌 𝗉𝗈𝗋 𝗏𝗂𝖾𝗌𝖾𝗌 𝗂𝖽𝖾𝗈𝗅𝗈́𝗀𝗂𝖼𝗈𝗌, 𝗎𝗍𝗂𝗅𝗂𝗓𝖺𝗆 𝖺 𝗂𝗀𝗇𝗈𝗋𝖺̂𝗇𝖼𝗂𝖺 𝖾𝗌𝗍𝗋𝖺𝗍𝖾́𝗀𝗂𝖼𝖺 𝖼𝗈𝗆 𝗉𝖺𝗋𝗍𝗂𝖼𝗎𝗅𝖺𝗋 𝖺𝖿𝗂𝗇𝖼𝗈. 𝖠𝗌 𝖾𝗆𝗉𝗋𝖾𝗌𝖺𝗌 𝖾 𝗈𝗋𝗀𝖺𝗇𝗂𝗌𝗆𝗈𝗌 𝗉𝗎́𝖻𝗅𝗂𝖼𝗈𝗌 𝗊𝗎𝖾 𝗋𝖾𝖺𝗅𝗂𝗓𝖺𝗆 𝗋𝖾𝗉𝗈𝗋𝗍𝖾 𝗌𝖾𝗅𝖾𝖼𝗍𝗂𝗏𝗈 𝗍𝖺𝗆𝖻𝖾́𝗆 (𝖾𝗆 𝖯𝗈𝗋𝗍𝗎𝗀𝖺𝗅, 𝖺 𝗍𝗋𝖺𝗇𝗌𝗉𝖺𝗋𝖾̂𝗇𝖼𝗂𝖺 𝖾́ 𝖻𝖺𝗂𝗑𝖺). 𝖬𝖺𝗌 𝖺 𝗂𝗀𝗇𝗈𝗋𝖺̂𝗇𝖼𝗂𝖺 𝖾𝗌𝗍𝗋𝖺𝗍𝖾́𝗀𝗂𝖼𝖺 𝗍𝖾𝗆 𝗎𝗆𝖺 𝖽𝗂𝗆𝖾𝗇𝗌𝖺̃𝗈 𝖼𝗈𝗅𝖾𝖼𝗍𝗂𝗏𝖺 𝗍𝖺𝗆𝖻𝖾́𝗆. 𝖠 𝗂𝗀𝗇𝗈𝗋𝖺̂𝗇𝖼𝗂𝖺 𝖾𝗌𝗍𝗋𝖺𝗍𝖾́𝗀𝗂𝖼𝖺 𝗉𝗈𝖽𝖾 𝗌𝖾𝗋 𝖽𝖾𝖿𝗂𝗇𝗂𝖽𝖺 𝖼𝗈𝗆𝗈 𝗎𝗆𝖺 𝗁𝖺𝖻𝗂𝗅𝗂𝖽𝖺𝖽𝖾 𝖾𝗌𝗍𝗋𝗎𝗍𝗎𝗋𝖺𝗅 𝖽𝖾 𝖾𝗑𝗉𝗅𝗈𝗋𝖺𝗋 𝗂𝗇𝖼𝗈́𝗀𝗇𝗂𝗍𝖺𝗌 𝗇𝗈 𝖺𝗆𝖻𝗂𝖾𝗇𝗍𝖾, 𝖼𝗈𝗆 𝗏𝗂𝗌𝗍𝖺 𝖺 𝖺𝖽𝗊𝗎𝗂𝗋𝗂𝗋 𝗆𝖺𝗂𝗌 𝗉𝗈𝖽𝖾𝗋 𝗈𝗎 𝗋𝖾𝖼𝗎𝗋𝗌𝗈𝗌. 𝖤𝗌𝗍𝗈𝗎 𝖼𝗈𝗇𝗏𝖾𝗇𝖼𝗂𝖽𝗈, 𝗉𝗈𝗋 𝗂𝗌𝗌𝗈, 𝗊𝗎𝖾 𝖺 𝗂𝗀𝗇𝗈𝗋𝖺̂𝗇𝖼𝗂𝖺 𝖽𝖾𝗏𝗂𝖺 𝗌𝖾𝗋 𝗋𝖾𝗀𝗎𝗅𝖺𝖽𝖺.

* Professor de Governance & Reputation, Henley Business School, Reino Unido, e Partner na AMROP

IN "JORNAL ECONÓMICO" - 23/02/24 .