LUÍS MENEZES LEITÃO

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O encerramento dos tribunais

Cabe por isso perguntar para quê se encerraram os tribunais do interior, que funcionavam em edifícios de excelente qualidade, e com todas as condições para que a justiça se faça com a dignidade que é imprescindível à sua realização.

𝑈𝑚𝑎 𝑑𝑎𝑠 𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑠 𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑠 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑜𝑠𝑎𝑠 𝑡𝑜𝑚𝑎𝑑𝑎𝑠 𝑛𝑜 𝑎̂𝑚𝑏𝑖𝑡𝑜 𝑑𝑎 𝑗𝑢𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐̧𝑎 𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑢𝑔𝑢𝑒𝑠𝑎 𝑓𝑜𝑖 𝑎 𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎 𝑑𝑜 𝑚𝑎𝑝𝑎 𝑗𝑢𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑎́𝑟𝑖𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝟸𝟶𝟷𝟺, 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑜𝑢 𝑜𝑠 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑢𝑛𝑎𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑎𝑠 𝑛𝑎𝑠 𝑐𝑎𝑝𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑜, 𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑜𝑠 𝑚𝑢𝑖𝑡𝑜𝑠 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑢𝑛𝑎𝑖𝑠 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑚 𝑛𝑎𝑠 𝑝𝑜𝑣𝑜𝑎𝑐̧𝑜̃𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑜 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑟 𝑑𝑜 𝑝𝑎𝑖́𝑠, 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑔𝑢𝑛𝑠 𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑜𝑠 𝑝𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑚 𝑎 𝑠𝑒𝑟 𝑒𝑢𝑓𝑒𝑚𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑑𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑒 “𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑐̧𝑜̃𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑𝑒”. 𝑇𝑎𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑜𝑢 𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑𝑎̃𝑜𝑠 𝑎 𝑚𝑢𝑖𝑡𝑜𝑠 𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑙𝑜́𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑜 𝑠𝑒𝑢 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑢𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑒 𝑜𝑏𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑜𝑢 𝑜𝑠 𝑎𝑑𝑣𝑜𝑔𝑎𝑑𝑜𝑠 𝑎 𝑒𝑥𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑚 𝑎 𝑠𝑢𝑎 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑓𝑖𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑚𝑢𝑖𝑡𝑜 𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑑𝑜𝑠 𝑠𝑒𝑢𝑠 𝑒𝑠𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑜́𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑠.

𝑂 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑑𝑜 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑜 𝑓𝑜𝑖 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑢𝑖𝑟 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑎𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑟 𝑎 𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑐̧𝑎̃𝑜 𝑑𝑜 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑟, 𝑐𝑜𝑚 𝑜 𝐸𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑑𝑜 𝑎 𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑟 𝑑𝑒 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑒 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑒 𝑑𝑜 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑜́𝑟𝑖𝑜 𝑛𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙, 𝑎𝑏𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑎𝑠 𝑠𝑢𝑎𝑠 𝑝𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑐̧𝑜̃𝑒𝑠, 𝑜 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑎𝑠 𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑛𝑜𝑢 𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑙𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑣𝑢𝑙𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎́𝑣𝑒𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒́𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑠, 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑜 𝑜𝑠 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒̂𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑜𝑠 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑡𝑜𝑑𝑜𝑠 𝑜𝑠 𝑎𝑛𝑜𝑠 𝑠𝑒 𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑚. 𝑀𝑎𝑠, 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑎𝑙𝑒́𝑚 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑠𝑜, 𝑎 𝑝𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑚𝑖𝑎 𝑑𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑢 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑛𝑎𝑠 𝑐𝑎𝑝𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑜 𝑜𝑠 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑢𝑛𝑎𝑖𝑠 𝑡𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑎𝑚 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑜 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑎𝑑𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑚 𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑖́𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑠 𝑠𝑒𝑚 𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑖𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑐̧𝑜̃𝑒𝑠, 𝑒𝑚 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑠 𝑎𝑑𝑣𝑜𝑔𝑎𝑑𝑜𝑠 𝑒 𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑𝑎̃𝑜𝑠 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑚 𝑜𝑏𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑎𝑑𝑜𝑠 𝑎 𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑟 𝑛𝑎 𝑟𝑢𝑎 𝑝𝑒𝑙𝑎 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑧𝑎𝑐̧𝑎̃𝑜 𝑑𝑎𝑠 𝑑𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑔𝑒̂𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑠. 𝐸𝑚 𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑖́𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑜 𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑜 𝐶𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑠 𝑑𝑎 𝐽𝑢𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐̧𝑎, 𝑎𝑠 𝑠𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑎𝑢𝑑𝑖𝑒̂𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎 𝑠𝑎̃𝑜 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢́𝑠𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑠 𝑒 𝑛𝑒𝑚 𝑠𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑟 𝑒́ 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑖́𝑣𝑒𝑙 𝑎𝑏𝑟𝑖𝑟 𝑢𝑚𝑎 𝑗𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑙𝑎 𝑒𝑚 𝑡𝑜𝑑𝑜 𝑜 𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑖́𝑐𝑖𝑜, 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑗𝑢𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑚 𝑜 𝑠𝑒𝑢 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑗𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜, 𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑒𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑟 𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑐̧𝑎̃𝑜 𝑝𝑒𝑙𝑜 𝑣𝑖́𝑟𝑢𝑠. 𝐶𝑎𝑏𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑖𝑠𝑠𝑜 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑟 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑞𝑢𝑒̂ 𝑠𝑒 𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑚 𝑜𝑠 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑢𝑛𝑎𝑖𝑠 𝑑𝑜 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑟, 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑣𝑎𝑚 𝑒𝑚 𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑖́𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑒𝑥𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑𝑒, 𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑚 𝑡𝑜𝑑𝑎𝑠 𝑎𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑐̧𝑜̃𝑒𝑠 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑎 𝑗𝑢𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐̧𝑎 𝑠𝑒 𝑓𝑎𝑐̧𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑚 𝑎 𝑑𝑖𝑔𝑛𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑𝑒 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑒́ 𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑖́𝑣𝑒𝑙 𝑎̀ 𝑠𝑢𝑎 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑧𝑎𝑐̧𝑎̃𝑜.

𝑇𝑒̂𝑚 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑜 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑖𝑠𝑠𝑜 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑠 𝑎𝑝𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑎 𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑐̧𝑎̃𝑜 𝑠𝑒𝑗𝑎 𝑎𝑙𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑎. 𝑈𝑚 𝑒𝑥𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑜 𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑜 𝑒́ 𝑜 𝑑𝑜 𝑇𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑢𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑒 𝑆𝑎̃𝑜 𝐽𝑜𝑎̃𝑜 𝑑𝑎 𝑃𝑒𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑖𝑟𝑎, 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑒𝑚 𝟸𝟶𝟷𝟺 𝑓𝑜𝑖 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑑𝑜 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑎 “𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑐̧𝑎̃𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑𝑒”, 𝑎𝑝𝑒𝑠𝑎𝑟 𝑑𝑒 𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑢𝑚 𝑛𝑢́𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑜𝑠 𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑜, 𝑜𝑠 𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑖𝑠 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑚 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑑𝑜𝑠 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑉𝑖𝑠𝑒𝑢 𝑒 𝑀𝑜𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎 𝑑𝑎 𝐵𝑒𝑖𝑟𝑎. 𝑂𝑟𝑎, 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑜 𝑒́ 𝑛𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑎́𝑟𝑖𝑜 𝑔𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑟 𝑢𝑚𝑎 ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑣𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑒𝑚 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑀𝑜𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎 𝑑𝑎 𝐵𝑒𝑖𝑟𝑎 𝑒 𝑢𝑚𝑎 ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑎 𝑒 𝑚𝑒𝑖𝑎 𝑛𝑎 𝑣𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑒𝑚 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑉𝑖𝑠𝑒𝑢, 𝑜 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑑𝑜 𝑒́ 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑠 𝑚𝑎𝑔𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑜𝑠, 𝑎𝑑𝑣𝑜𝑔𝑎𝑑𝑜𝑠 𝑒 𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑𝑎̃𝑜𝑠 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑚 𝑢𝑚 𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑒 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑜 𝑒 𝑡𝑒̂𝑚 𝑢𝑚 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑢𝑠𝑡𝑜 𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑜́𝑚𝑖𝑐𝑜 𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑠 𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑎𝑐̧𝑜̃𝑒𝑠, 𝑜 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑗𝑢𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑎 𝑜 𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑧 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑑𝑎 𝑗𝑢𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐̧𝑎. 𝐸 𝑜 𝑚𝑎𝑔𝑛𝑖́𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑜 𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑖́𝑐𝑖𝑜 𝑑𝑜 𝑇𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑢𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑎 𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑎𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑑𝑜, 𝑠𝑒𝑚 𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑟 𝑗𝑢𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑐̧𝑎̃𝑜 𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙. 𝑃𝑜𝑟 𝑖𝑠𝑠𝑜 𝑎 𝑝𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑐̧𝑎̃𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑆𝑎̃𝑜 𝐽𝑜𝑎̃𝑜 𝑑𝑎 𝑃𝑒𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑖𝑟𝑎 ℎ𝑎́ 𝑚𝑢𝑖𝑡𝑜 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑔𝑒 𝑜 𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑜 𝑑𝑜 𝑠𝑒𝑢 𝑇𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑢𝑛𝑎𝑙. 𝐸𝑠𝑡𝑒 𝑒́ 𝑢𝑚 𝑑𝑜𝑠 𝑚𝑢́𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑥𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑𝑒𝑠 𝑒𝑚 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑠 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑢𝑛𝑎𝑖𝑠 𝑒𝑥𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑚 𝑠𝑒𝑟 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑑𝑜𝑠, 𝑜 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑜 𝑝𝑜𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑖́𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑜 𝑑𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑜 𝑓𝑎𝑧𝑒𝑟.

𝐸𝑚 𝑣𝑒𝑧 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑠𝑜, 𝑛𝑜 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑜, 𝑜 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑠𝑒 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑎́ 𝑎 𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑟 𝑒́ 𝑎 𝑛𝑜𝑣𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑢𝑛𝑎𝑖𝑠, 𝑠𝑒𝑚 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑟 𝑗𝑢𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑐̧𝑎̃𝑜 𝑠𝑒𝑗𝑎 𝑎𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑑𝑎. 𝐴 𝑂𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑚 𝑑𝑜𝑠 𝐴𝑑𝑣𝑜𝑔𝑎𝑑𝑜𝑠 𝑓𝑜𝑖 𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑑𝑎 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑢𝑚𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑐̧𝑎̃𝑜 𝑑𝑎 𝐽𝑢𝑖𝑧-𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑑𝑜 𝑇𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑢𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝐽𝑢𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑎 𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝐿𝑖𝑠𝑏𝑜𝑎-𝑁𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑒 𝑎 𝑑𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑟 𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑐̧𝑎̃𝑜 𝑑𝑜𝑠 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑠 𝑗𝑢𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑖𝑠 𝑑𝑜𝑠 𝐽𝑢𝑖́𝑧𝑜𝑠 𝐶𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑖𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝐴𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑟, 𝑇𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑠 𝑉𝑒𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑠 𝑒 𝑉𝑖𝑙𝑎 𝐹𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑋𝑖𝑟𝑎 𝑒 𝑑𝑜 𝐽𝑢𝑖́𝑧𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑡𝑒̂𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎 𝐺𝑒𝑛𝑒́𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑎 𝑑𝑎 𝐿𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑎̃ 𝑛𝑜 𝐽𝑢𝑖́𝑧𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝐼𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑐̧𝑎̃𝑜 𝐶𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑒 𝐿𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑒𝑠. 𝑇𝑎𝑙 𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑎 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑠 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑜́𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑢𝑖𝑑𝑜 𝑑𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑑𝑜 𝑒 𝑡𝑜𝑑𝑎𝑠 𝑎𝑠 𝑑𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑠 𝑑𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑔𝑒̂𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑠 𝑑𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑡𝑒̂𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎 𝑑𝑜 𝑗𝑢𝑖𝑧 𝑑𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑐̧𝑎̃𝑜 𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑎𝑟𝑎̃𝑜 𝑎 𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑙𝑢𝑔𝑎𝑟 𝑎𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑎𝑠 𝑒𝑚 𝐿𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑒𝑠. 𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑚, 𝑜𝑠 𝑎𝑑𝑣𝑜𝑔𝑎𝑑𝑜𝑠 𝑒 𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑𝑎̃𝑜𝑠 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑚𝑎𝑑𝑜𝑠 𝑎 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑢𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑎̃𝑜 𝑜𝑏𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑎𝑑𝑜𝑠 𝑎 𝑓𝑎𝑧𝑒𝑟 𝑣𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑠 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑠 𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑𝑒𝑠, 𝑒𝑚 𝑎𝑢𝑡𝑜𝑚𝑜́𝑣𝑒𝑙 𝑝𝑟𝑜́𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑜, 𝑢𝑚𝑎 𝑣𝑒𝑧 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑛𝑎̃𝑜 ℎ𝑎́ 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑠 𝑝𝑢́𝑏𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑎𝑑𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑑𝑜𝑠, 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑎 𝑣𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑒𝑚 𝑝𝑜𝑑𝑒 𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑟 𝑎 𝑑𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑟 𝑡𝑟𝑒̂𝑠 𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑒 ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑎, 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑎 𝑎𝑙𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑎 𝑒𝑚 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑜 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑐̧𝑜 𝑑𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑏𝑢𝑠𝑡𝑖́𝑣𝑒𝑖𝑠 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑒𝑚 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒̂𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎 𝑑𝑎 𝑔𝑢𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑎.

𝐼𝑛𝑓𝑒𝑙𝑖𝑧𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒, 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑎 𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑟 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑜 𝑝𝑎𝑖́𝑠 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑎́ 𝑎 𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑟 𝑎 𝑢𝑚 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑑𝑎𝑑𝑒𝑖𝑟𝑜 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑝𝑠𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑡𝑜𝑑𝑜𝑠 𝑜𝑠 𝑠𝑒𝑢𝑠 𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑖𝑐̧𝑜𝑠 𝑝𝑢́𝑏𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑜𝑠, 𝑛𝑎 𝑎𝑙𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑎 𝑒𝑚 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑𝑎̃𝑜𝑠 𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑠 𝑑𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑠𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑚. 𝑁𝑜 𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑜 𝑑𝑜𝑠 𝑛𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑜𝑠 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑢𝑛𝑎𝑖𝑠, 𝑎 𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑐̧𝑎̃𝑜 𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒, 𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑒́𝑚, 𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑛𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑢𝑚𝑎 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑑𝑎𝑑𝑒𝑖𝑟𝑎 𝑙𝑖𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑐̧𝑎̃𝑜. 𝐷𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑑𝑎 𝑣𝑒𝑧 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑢𝑚 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑢𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑒́ 𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑜 𝑎 𝑗𝑢𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐̧𝑎 𝑠𝑜𝑓𝑟𝑒 𝑒 𝑜 𝑛𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑜 𝐸𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑑𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝐷𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑖𝑡𝑜 𝑣𝑎𝑖-𝑠𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜. 𝐸́ 𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑠 𝑑𝑜 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑎𝑙𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑎𝑐𝑎𝑏𝑎𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑚 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑢𝑛𝑎𝑖𝑠, 𝑑𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜, 𝑝𝑒𝑙𝑜 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎́𝑟𝑖𝑜, 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑠 𝑚𝑒𝑠𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑒𝑚 𝑎 𝑠𝑒𝑟 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑜𝑠, 𝑎 𝑏𝑒𝑚 𝑑𝑎 𝑗𝑢𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐̧𝑎 𝑒 𝑑𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑𝑎̃𝑜𝑠 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑙𝑎 𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑚.

* Professor da Faculdade de Direito da Universidade de Lisboa

IN "iN" - 06/09/22 .