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𝙾 𝚞́𝚝𝚎𝚛𝚘 𝚊𝚛𝚝𝚒𝚏𝚒𝚌𝚒𝚊𝚕 𝚙𝚎𝚛𝚜𝚎𝚐𝚞𝚎 𝚘 𝚘𝚋𝚓𝚎𝚝𝚒𝚟𝚘 𝚗𝚘𝚋𝚛𝚎 𝚍𝚎 𝚐𝚊𝚛𝚊𝚗𝚝𝚒𝚛 𝚘 𝚝𝚎́𝚛𝚖𝚒𝚗𝚘 𝚋𝚎𝚖-𝚜𝚞𝚌𝚎𝚍𝚒𝚍𝚘 𝚎 𝚜𝚎𝚖 𝚜𝚎𝚚𝚞𝚎𝚕𝚊𝚜 𝚍𝚊 𝚐𝚎𝚜𝚝𝚊𝚌̧𝚊̃𝚘 𝚍𝚎 𝚙𝚛𝚎𝚖𝚊𝚝𝚞𝚛𝚘𝚜 𝚎𝚡𝚝𝚛𝚎𝚖𝚘𝚜. 𝚃𝚞𝚍𝚘 𝚒𝚗𝚍𝚒𝚌𝚊 𝚚𝚞𝚎 𝚗𝚞𝚖 𝚏𝚞𝚝𝚞𝚛𝚘 𝚙𝚛𝚘́𝚡𝚒𝚖𝚘 𝚎𝚜𝚝𝚎𝚜 𝚍𝚒𝚜𝚙𝚘𝚜𝚒𝚝𝚒𝚟𝚘𝚜 𝚖𝚎́𝚍𝚒𝚌𝚘𝚜 𝚜𝚎 𝚙𝚘𝚜𝚜𝚊𝚖 𝚝𝚘𝚛𝚗𝚊𝚛 𝚞𝚖𝚊 𝚛𝚎𝚊𝚕𝚒𝚍𝚊𝚍𝚎, 𝚗𝚊̃𝚘 𝚜𝚎𝚗𝚍𝚘 𝚒𝚖𝚙𝚎𝚗𝚜𝚊́𝚟𝚎𝚕 𝚚𝚞𝚎 𝚞𝚖 𝚍𝚒𝚊 𝚊 𝚟𝚒𝚜𝚊̃𝚘 𝚍𝚎 𝚋𝚎𝚋𝚎́𝚜 𝚎𝚖 𝚐𝚎𝚜𝚝𝚊𝚌̧𝚊̃𝚘 𝚗𝚘 𝚒𝚗𝚝𝚎𝚛𝚒𝚘𝚛 𝚍𝚎 𝚜𝚊𝚌𝚘𝚜 𝚌𝚑𝚎𝚒𝚘𝚜 𝚍𝚎 𝚕𝚒́𝚚𝚞𝚒𝚍𝚘 𝚜𝚎 𝚝𝚘𝚛𝚗𝚎 𝚌𝚘𝚖𝚞𝚖 𝚗𝚊𝚜 𝚖𝚊𝚝𝚎𝚛𝚗𝚒𝚍𝚊𝚍𝚎𝚜.

𝖠 𝗀𝖾𝗌𝗍𝖺𝖼̧𝖺̃𝗈 𝖽𝖾 𝗁𝗎𝗆𝖺𝗇𝗈𝗌 𝖿𝗈𝗋𝖺 𝖽𝗈 𝗎́𝗍𝖾𝗋𝗈, 𝖽𝖾𝗌𝗂𝗀𝗇𝖺𝖽𝖺 𝗉𝗈𝗋 𝖾𝖼𝗍𝗈𝗀𝖾́𝗇𝖾𝗌𝖾, 𝖾́ 𝗎𝗆𝖺 𝖽𝖺𝗌 𝗂𝖽𝖾𝗂𝖺𝗌 𝖿𝗂𝖼𝖼𝗂𝗈𝗇𝖺𝗂𝗌 𝗆𝖺𝗂𝗌 𝗆𝖺𝗋𝖼𝖺𝗇𝗍𝖾𝗌 𝖽𝗈 𝗋𝗈𝗆𝖺𝗇𝖼𝖾 𝖽𝗂𝗌𝗍𝗈́𝗉𝗂𝖼𝗈 𝖠𝖽𝗆𝗂𝗋𝖺́𝗏𝖾𝗅 𝖬𝗎𝗇𝖽𝗈 𝖭𝗈𝗏𝗈 𝖽𝖾 𝖠𝗅𝖽𝗈𝗎𝗌 𝖧𝗎𝗑𝗅𝖾𝗒. 𝖭𝗈 𝗅𝗂𝗏𝗋𝗈, 𝖧𝗎𝗑𝗅𝖾𝗒 𝖽𝖾𝗌𝖼𝗋𝖾𝗏𝖾 𝗎𝗆𝖺 𝗌𝗈𝖼𝗂𝖾𝖽𝖺𝖽𝖾 𝖿𝗎𝗍𝗎𝗋𝗂𝗌𝗍𝖺 𝗈𝗇𝖽𝖾 𝖺 𝗋𝖾𝗉𝗋𝗈𝖽𝗎𝖼̧𝖺̃𝗈 𝗇𝖺𝗍𝗎𝗋𝖺𝗅 𝖽𝖾𝗎 𝗅𝗎𝗀𝖺𝗋 𝖺𝗈 𝖼𝗎𝗅𝗍𝗂𝗏𝗈 𝖾𝗆 𝗆𝖺𝗌𝗌𝖺 𝖽𝖾 𝖾𝗆𝖻𝗋𝗂𝗈̃𝖾𝗌 𝗁𝗎𝗆𝖺𝗇𝗈𝗌 𝖾𝗆 𝗎́𝗍𝖾𝗋𝗈𝗌 𝖺𝗋𝗍𝗂𝖿𝗂𝖼𝗂𝖺𝗂𝗌. 𝖭𝗈 𝗆𝗎𝗇𝖽𝗈 𝗋𝖾𝖺𝗅, 𝖺 𝗋𝖾𝗉𝗅𝗂𝖼𝖺𝖼̧𝖺̃𝗈 𝗍𝖾𝖼𝗇𝗈𝗅𝗈́𝗀𝗂𝖼𝖺 𝖽𝖺𝗌 𝖿𝗎𝗇𝖼̧𝗈̃𝖾𝗌 𝖻𝖺́𝗌𝗂𝖼𝖺𝗌 𝖽𝖾 𝗌𝗎𝗉𝗈𝗋𝗍𝖾 𝖽𝖾 𝗏𝗂𝖽𝖺 𝖽𝗈 𝖺𝗆𝖻𝗂𝖾𝗇𝗍𝖾 𝗎𝗍𝖾𝗋𝗂𝗇𝗈 𝗍𝖾𝗆 𝗌𝗂𝖽𝗈 𝖼𝗈𝗇𝗌𝗂𝖽𝖾𝗋𝖺𝖽𝖺 𝖾 𝖾𝗌𝗍𝗎𝖽𝖺𝖽𝖺 𝖽𝖾𝗌𝖽𝖾 𝗈𝗌 𝖺𝗇𝗈𝗌 𝟧𝟢 𝖽𝗈 𝗌𝖾́𝖼𝗎𝗅𝗈 𝖷𝖷 𝖼𝗈𝗆𝗈 𝗎𝗆𝖺 𝖿𝗈𝗋𝗆𝖺 𝗉𝗈𝗌𝗌𝗂́𝗏𝖾𝗅 𝖽𝖾 𝗍𝗋𝖺𝗍𝖺𝗋 𝖻𝖾𝖻𝖾́𝗌 𝗇𝖺𝗌𝖼𝗂𝖽𝗈𝗌 𝖾𝗇𝗍𝗋𝖾 𝖺𝗌 𝟤𝟤 𝖾 𝖺𝗌 𝟤𝟪 𝗌𝖾𝗆𝖺𝗇𝖺𝗌 𝖽𝖾 𝗀𝖾𝗌𝗍𝖺𝖼̧𝖺̃𝗈. 𝖮𝗌 𝖺𝗏𝖺𝗇𝖼̧𝗈𝗌 𝖼𝗂𝖾𝗇𝗍𝗂́𝖿𝗂𝖼𝗈𝗌 𝗏𝖾𝗋𝗂𝖿𝗂𝖼𝖺𝖽𝗈𝗌 𝗇𝖾𝗌𝗍𝖾 𝖼𝖺𝗆𝗉𝗈 𝗂𝗇𝖽𝗂𝖼𝖺𝗆 𝗊𝗎𝖾 𝗇𝗎𝗆 𝖿𝗎𝗍𝗎𝗋𝗈 𝗉𝗋𝗈́𝗑𝗂𝗆𝗈 𝗉𝗈𝖽𝖾𝗋𝖾𝗆𝗈𝗌 𝖽𝗂𝗌𝗉𝗈𝗋 𝖽𝖾 𝗎́𝗍𝖾𝗋𝗈𝗌 𝖺𝗋𝗍𝗂𝖿𝗂𝖼𝗂𝖺𝗂𝗌 𝗊𝗎𝖾 𝗉𝖾𝗋𝗆𝗂𝗍𝖺𝗆 𝗋𝖾𝖽𝗎𝗓𝗂𝗋 𝖺 𝗆𝗈𝗋𝗍𝖺𝗅𝗂𝖽𝖺𝖽𝖾 𝖽𝖾𝗌𝗌𝖾𝗌 𝗉𝗋𝖾𝗆𝖺𝗍𝗎𝗋𝗈𝗌 𝖾𝗑𝗍𝗋𝖾𝗆𝗈𝗌. 𝖮𝗌 𝖻𝖾𝗇𝖾𝖿𝗂́𝖼𝗂𝗈𝗌 𝗆𝖾́𝖽𝗂𝖼𝗈𝗌 𝖽𝖾 𝗎𝗆𝖺 𝗀𝖾𝗌𝗍𝖺𝖼̧𝖺̃𝗈 𝖺𝗋𝗍𝗂𝖿𝗂𝖼𝗂𝖺𝗅 𝗉𝖺𝗋𝖼𝗂𝖺𝗅 𝗌𝖾𝗀𝗎𝗋𝖺 𝗌𝖺̃𝗈 𝗂𝗇𝖽𝗂𝗌𝖼𝗎𝗍𝗂́𝗏𝖾𝗂𝗌 𝗇𝗈 𝖼𝗈𝗇𝗍𝖾𝗑𝗍𝗈 𝖽𝖺 𝗉𝗋𝖾𝗆𝖺𝗍𝗎𝗋𝗂𝖽𝖺𝖽𝖾, 𝗈𝗎 𝖺𝗍𝖾́ 𝖾𝗆 𝖾𝗏𝖾𝗇𝗍𝗎𝖺𝗂𝗌 𝗌𝗂𝗍𝗎𝖺𝖼̧𝗈̃𝖾𝗌 𝖽𝖾 𝖺𝗅𝗍𝗈 𝗋𝗂𝗌𝖼𝗈 𝖽𝖾 𝖽𝖺𝗇𝗈𝗌 𝖿𝖾𝗍𝖺𝗂𝗌 𝖽𝗎𝗋𝖺𝗇𝗍𝖾 𝖺 𝗀𝗋𝖺𝗏𝗂𝖽𝖾𝗓. 𝖩𝖺́ 𝗈 𝖺𝗏𝖺𝗇𝖼̧𝗈 𝗋𝗎𝗆𝗈 𝖺 𝗎𝗆𝖺 𝗍𝖾𝖼𝗇𝗈𝗅𝗈𝗀𝗂𝖺 𝗊𝗎𝖾 𝗉𝖾𝗋𝗆𝗂𝗍𝖺 𝖺 𝗀𝖾𝗌𝗍𝖺𝖼̧𝖺̃𝗈 𝖼𝗈𝗆𝗉𝗅𝖾𝗍𝖺 𝖽𝖾 𝗎𝗆 𝖾𝗆𝖻𝗋𝗂𝖺̃𝗈 𝖺𝗍𝖾́ 𝖺𝗈 𝗇𝖺𝗌𝖼𝗂𝗆𝖾𝗇𝗍𝗈, 𝗍𝖺𝗅 𝖼𝗈𝗆𝗈 𝗂𝗆𝖺𝗀𝗂𝗇𝖺𝖽𝗈 𝗉𝗈𝗋 𝖧𝗎𝗑𝗅𝖾𝗒, 𝗅𝖾𝗏𝖺𝗇𝗍𝖺 𝗂𝗇𝗎́𝗆𝖾𝗋𝖺𝗌 𝗊𝗎𝖾𝗌𝗍𝗈̃𝖾𝗌 𝖾́𝗍𝗂𝖼𝖺𝗌, 𝗉𝗈𝗅𝗂́𝗍𝗂𝖼𝖺𝗌 𝖾 𝗌𝗈𝖼𝗂𝖺𝗂𝗌 𝗊𝗎𝖾 𝗇𝖺̃𝗈 𝗉𝗈𝖽𝖾𝗆 𝗌𝖾𝗋 𝗂𝗀𝗇𝗈𝗋𝖺𝖽𝖺𝗌.

𝖴𝗆 𝗋𝖾𝗅𝖺𝗍𝗈́𝗋𝗂𝗈 𝗋𝖾𝖼𝖾𝗇𝗍𝖾 𝖽𝖺 𝖮𝗋𝗀𝖺𝗇𝗂𝗓𝖺𝖼̧𝖺̃𝗈 𝖬𝗎𝗇𝖽𝗂𝖺𝗅 𝖽𝖾 𝖲𝖺𝗎́𝖽𝖾 𝖾𝗌𝗍𝗂𝗆𝖺 𝗊𝗎𝖾 𝗇𝗈 𝖺𝗇𝗈 𝖽𝖾 𝟤𝟢𝟤𝟢, 𝖼𝖾𝗋𝖼𝖺 𝖽𝖾 𝟣𝟥,𝟦 𝗆𝗂𝗅𝗁𝗈̃𝖾𝗌 𝖽𝖾 𝖻𝖾𝖻𝖾́𝗌 (𝗂.𝖾., 𝟣 𝖾𝗆 𝖼𝖺𝖽𝖺 𝟣𝟢) 𝗇𝖺𝗌𝖼𝖾𝗋𝖺𝗆 𝖺𝗇𝗍𝖾𝗌 𝖽𝖺𝗌 𝟥𝟩 𝗌𝖾𝗆𝖺𝗇𝖺𝗌 𝖽𝖾 𝗀𝖾𝗌𝗍𝖺𝖼̧𝖺̃𝗈 𝖾𝗆 𝗍𝗈𝖽𝗈 𝗈 𝗆𝗎𝗇𝖽𝗈. 𝖣𝖾𝗌𝗍𝖾𝗌, 𝖼𝖾𝗋𝖼𝖺 𝖽𝖾 𝟣 𝗆𝗂𝗅𝗁𝖺̃𝗈 𝗆𝗈𝗋𝗋𝖾𝗎 𝖽𝖾𝗏𝗂𝖽𝗈 𝖺 𝖼𝗈𝗆𝗉𝗅𝗂𝖼𝖺𝖼̧𝗈̃𝖾𝗌 𝗋𝖾𝗅𝖺𝖼𝗂𝗈𝗇𝖺𝖽𝖺𝗌 𝖼𝗈𝗆 𝖺 𝗌𝗎𝖺 𝗉𝗋𝖾𝗆𝖺𝗍𝗎𝗋𝗂𝖽𝖺𝖽𝖾, 𝗂𝗇𝖼𝗅𝗎𝗂𝗇𝖽𝗈 𝖽𝗂𝖿𝗂𝖼𝗎𝗅𝖽𝖺𝖽𝖾𝗌 𝗋𝖾𝗌𝗉𝗂𝗋𝖺𝗍𝗈́𝗋𝗂𝖺𝗌, 𝗉𝗋𝗈𝖻𝗅𝖾𝗆𝖺𝗌 𝗀𝖺𝗌𝗍𝗋𝗈𝗂𝗇𝗍𝖾𝗌𝗍𝗂𝗇𝖺𝗂𝗌, 𝖽𝗂𝗌𝗍𝗎́𝗋𝖻𝗂𝗈𝗌 𝖽𝖾 𝗏𝗂𝗌𝖺̃𝗈 𝖾 𝖺𝗎𝖽𝗂𝖼̧𝖺̃𝗈, 𝖺𝗍𝗋𝖺𝗌𝗈𝗌 𝗇𝗈 𝖽𝖾𝗌𝖾𝗇𝗏𝗈𝗅𝗏𝗂𝗆𝖾𝗇𝗍𝗈 𝖾 𝗉𝖺𝗋𝖺𝗅𝗂𝗌𝗂𝖺 𝖼𝖾𝗋𝖾𝖻𝗋𝖺𝗅. 𝖠 𝗍𝖺𝗑𝖺 𝖽𝖾 𝗆𝗈𝗋𝗍𝖺𝗅𝗂𝖽𝖺𝖽𝖾 𝖾́ 𝗉𝖺𝗋𝗍𝗂𝖼𝗎𝗅𝖺𝗋𝗆𝖾𝗇𝗍𝖾 𝖾𝗅𝖾𝗏𝖺𝖽𝖺 𝗊𝗎𝖺𝗇𝗍𝗈 𝗆𝖺𝗂𝗌 𝗉𝗋𝖾𝖼𝗈𝖼𝖾 𝖿𝗈𝗋 𝗈 𝗇𝖺𝗌𝖼𝗂𝗆𝖾𝗇𝗍𝗈, 𝗉𝗈𝖽𝖾𝗇𝖽𝗈 𝖼𝗁𝖾𝗀𝖺𝗋 𝖺 𝗎𝗆 𝗍𝖾𝗋𝖼̧𝗈 𝗈𝗎 𝗆𝖺𝗂𝗌 𝗇𝗈 𝖼𝖺𝗌𝗈 𝖻𝖾𝖻𝖾́𝗌 𝗇𝖺𝗌𝖼𝗂𝖽𝗈𝗌 𝗇𝗈 𝗅𝗂𝗆𝗂𝗍𝖾 𝗍𝖾𝗆𝗉𝗈𝗋𝖺𝗅 𝖽𝖾 𝗏𝗂𝖺𝖻𝗂𝗅𝗂𝖽𝖺𝖽𝖾 𝖿𝖾𝗍𝖺𝗅 𝖽𝖺𝗌 𝟤𝟤 𝗌𝖾𝗆𝖺𝗇𝖺𝗌. 𝖰𝗎𝖺𝗇𝗍𝗈 𝖺𝗈𝗌 𝗌𝗈𝖻𝗋𝖾𝗏𝗂𝗏𝖾𝗇𝗍𝖾𝗌 𝖽𝖾𝗌𝗍𝖾𝗌 𝖼𝖺𝗌𝗈𝗌 𝖾𝗑𝗍𝗋𝖾𝗆𝗈𝗌, 𝗊𝗎𝖺𝗌𝖾 𝗍𝗈𝖽𝗈𝗌 𝗍𝖾𝗋𝖺̃𝗈 𝖽𝖾 𝖾𝗇𝖿𝗋𝖾𝗇𝗍𝖺𝗋 𝖼𝗈𝗆𝗉𝗅𝗂𝖼𝖺𝖼̧𝗈̃𝖾𝗌 𝖽𝖾 𝗌𝖺𝗎́𝖽𝖾 𝖺𝗈 𝗅𝗈𝗇𝗀𝗈 𝖽𝖺 𝗌𝗎𝖺 𝗏𝗂𝖽𝖺 [𝟣].

𝖮 𝗍𝗋𝖺𝗍𝖺𝗆𝖾𝗇𝗍𝗈 𝗉𝖺𝖽𝗋𝖺̃𝗈 𝖽𝖾 𝖻𝖾𝖻𝖾́𝗌 𝗉𝗋𝖾𝗆𝖺𝗍𝗎𝗋𝗈𝗌 𝗇𝗎𝗆𝖺 𝗎𝗇𝗂𝖽𝖺𝖽𝖾 𝖽𝖾 𝖼𝗎𝗂𝖽𝖺𝖽𝗈𝗌 𝗂𝗇𝗍𝖾𝗇𝗌𝗂𝗏𝗈𝗌 𝗇𝖾𝗈𝗇𝖺𝗍𝖺𝗂𝗌 𝖾𝗇𝗏𝗈𝗅𝗏𝖾 𝖺 𝗆𝗈𝗇𝗂𝗍𝗈𝗋𝗂𝗓𝖺𝖼̧𝖺̃𝗈 𝖼𝗈𝗇𝗌𝗍𝖺𝗇𝗍𝖾 𝖽𝖾 𝗌𝗂𝗇𝖺𝗂𝗌 𝗏𝗂𝗍𝖺𝗂𝗌, 𝗈 𝖿𝗈𝗋𝗇𝖾𝖼𝗂𝗆𝖾𝗇𝗍𝗈 𝖽𝖾 𝗈𝗑𝗂𝗀𝖾́𝗇𝗂𝗈 𝖺𝗍𝗋𝖺𝗏𝖾́𝗌 𝖽𝖾 𝗎𝗆𝖺 𝗆𝖺́𝗌𝖼𝖺𝗋𝖺 𝗈𝗎 𝖽𝖾 𝗎𝗆 𝗍𝗎𝖻𝗈 𝗂𝗇𝗌𝖾𝗋𝗂𝖽𝗈 𝗇𝖺 𝗍𝗋𝖺𝗊𝗎𝖾𝗂𝖺, 𝗈 𝖼𝗈𝗇𝗍𝗋𝗈𝗅𝗈 𝖽𝖾 𝗍𝖾𝗆𝗉𝖾𝗋𝖺𝗍𝗎𝗋𝖺 𝗇𝗎𝗆𝖺 𝗂𝗇𝖼𝗎𝖻𝖺𝖽𝗈𝗋𝖺 𝗍𝖾́𝗋𝗆𝗂𝖼𝖺, 𝗎𝗆𝖺 𝗇𝗎𝗍𝗋𝗂𝖼̧𝖺̃𝗈 𝖾𝗌𝗉𝖾𝖼𝗂𝖺𝗅 𝖺𝖽𝗆𝗂𝗇𝗂𝗌𝗍𝗋𝖺𝖽𝖺 𝗉𝗈𝗋 𝗏𝗂𝖺 𝗂𝗇𝗍𝗋𝖺𝗏𝖾𝗇𝗈𝗌𝖺 𝖾 𝖼𝗎𝗂𝖽𝖺𝖽𝗈𝗌 𝗉𝖺𝗋𝖺 𝗉𝗋𝖾𝗏𝖾𝗇𝗂𝗋 𝗂𝗇𝖿𝖾𝖼̧𝗈̃𝖾𝗌. 𝖠 𝖾𝗌𝗍𝖺𝖻𝗂𝗅𝗂𝗓𝖺𝖼̧𝖺̃𝗈 𝖾 𝖺𝗉𝗈𝗂𝗈 𝖺𝗈 𝖽𝖾𝗌𝖾𝗇𝗏𝗈𝗅𝗏𝗂𝗆𝖾𝗇𝗍𝗈 𝖽𝗈𝗌 𝗈́𝗋𝗀𝖺̃𝗈𝗌 𝗂𝗆𝖺𝗍𝗎𝗋𝗈𝗌 𝖾́ 𝗉𝖺𝗋𝗍𝗂𝖼𝗎𝗅𝖺𝗋𝗆𝖾𝗇𝗍𝖾 𝖽𝖾𝗌𝖺𝖿𝗂𝖺𝖽𝗈𝗋𝖺 𝗇𝗈𝗌 𝖼𝖺𝗌𝗈𝗌 𝖽𝖾 𝗉𝗋𝖾𝗆𝖺𝗍𝗎𝗋𝗂𝖽𝖺𝖽𝖾 𝖾𝗑𝗍𝗋𝖾𝗆𝖺 (𝗆𝖾𝗇𝗈𝗌 𝖽𝖾 𝟤𝟪 𝗌𝖾𝗆𝖺𝗇𝖺𝗌). 𝖤𝗆 𝗉𝖺𝗋𝗍𝗂𝖼𝗎𝗅𝖺𝗋, 𝖺 𝗏𝖾𝗇𝗍𝗂𝗅𝖺𝖼̧𝖺̃𝗈 𝗆𝖾𝖼𝖺̂𝗇𝗂𝖼𝖺 𝗉𝗈𝖽𝖾 𝖼𝖺𝗎𝗌𝖺𝗋 𝖽𝖺𝗇𝗈𝗌 𝗂𝗋𝗋𝖾𝗏𝖾𝗋𝗌𝗂́𝗏𝖾𝗂𝗌 𝖺𝗈𝗌 𝗉𝗎𝗅𝗆𝗈̃𝖾𝗌 𝗌𝗎𝖻𝖽𝖾𝗌𝖾𝗇𝗏𝗈𝗅𝗏𝗂𝖽𝗈𝗌 𝖽𝗈𝗌 𝗋𝖾𝖼𝖾́𝗆-𝗇𝖺𝗌𝖼𝗂𝖽𝗈𝗌, 𝗌𝖾𝗇𝖽𝗈 𝗉𝗈𝗋 𝗂𝗌𝗌𝗈 𝖽𝖾𝗌𝖺𝖼𝗈𝗇𝗌𝖾𝗅𝗁𝖺𝖽𝖺. 𝖯𝗈𝗋 𝖾𝗌𝗍𝖺𝗌 𝖾 𝗈𝗎𝗍𝗋𝖺𝗌 𝗋𝖺𝗓𝗈̃𝖾𝗌, 𝖽𝖾𝗌𝖽𝖾 𝗆𝖾𝖺𝖽𝗈𝗌 𝖽𝗈 𝗌𝖾́𝖼𝗎𝗅𝗈 𝖷𝖷 𝗊𝗎𝖾 𝗏𝖺́𝗋𝗂𝗈𝗌 𝗀𝗋𝗎𝗉𝗈𝗌 𝗍𝖾̂𝗆 𝗍𝖾𝗇𝗍𝖺𝖽𝗈 𝖽𝖾𝗌𝖾𝗇𝗏𝗈𝗅𝗏𝖾𝗋 𝗈 𝖼𝗈𝗇𝖼𝖾𝗂𝗍𝗈 𝖽𝖾 𝗎́𝗍𝖾𝗋𝗈 𝖺𝗋𝗍𝗂𝖿𝗂𝖼𝗂𝖺𝗅, 𝖼𝗈𝗆 𝖺 𝗉𝗋𝗂𝗆𝖾𝗂𝗋𝖺 𝗉𝖺𝗍𝖾𝗇𝗍𝖾 𝖺 𝗌𝖾𝗋 𝗌𝗎𝖻𝗆𝖾𝗍𝗂𝖽𝖺 𝗇𝗈 𝖺𝗇𝗈 𝗅𝗈𝗇𝗀𝗂́𝗇𝗊𝗎𝗈 𝖽𝖾 𝟣𝟫𝟧𝟦 [𝟤]. 𝗆 𝗎́𝗍𝖾𝗋𝗈 𝖺𝗋𝗍𝗂𝖿𝗂𝖼𝗂𝖺𝗅 𝗉𝗋𝗈𝖼𝗎𝗋𝖺 𝗋𝖾𝗉𝗅𝗂𝖼𝖺𝗋 𝗍𝖾𝖼𝗇𝗈𝗅𝗈𝗀𝗂𝖼𝖺𝗆𝖾𝗇𝗍𝖾 𝗈𝗌 𝗉𝗋𝗈𝖼𝖾𝗌𝗌𝗈𝗌 𝖻𝗂𝗈𝗅𝗈́𝗀𝗂𝖼𝗈𝗌 𝖽𝖾 𝖿𝗈𝗋𝗇𝖾𝖼𝗂𝗆𝖾𝗇𝗍𝗈 𝖽𝖾 𝗇𝗎𝗍𝗋𝗂𝖾𝗇𝗍𝖾𝗌, 𝗁𝗈𝗋𝗆𝗈𝗇𝖺𝗌 𝖾 𝗈𝗑𝗂𝗀𝖾́𝗇𝗂𝗈, 𝖾 𝖽𝖾 𝗋𝖾𝗆𝗈𝖼̧𝖺̃𝗈 𝖽𝖾 𝖽𝗂𝗈́𝗑𝗂𝖽𝗈 𝖽𝖾 𝖼𝖺𝗋𝖻𝗈𝗇𝗈 𝖾 𝗋𝖾𝗌𝗂́𝖽𝗎𝗈𝗌 𝗊𝗎𝖾 𝗌𝖺̃𝗈 𝖺𝗌𝗌𝖾𝗀𝗎𝗋𝖺𝖽𝗈𝗌 𝗇𝗈 𝗎́𝗍𝖾𝗋𝗈 𝗇𝖺𝗍𝗎𝗋𝖺𝗅 𝗉𝖾𝗅𝖺 𝗉𝗅𝖺𝖼𝖾𝗇𝗍𝖺 𝖾 𝗉𝖾𝗅𝗈 𝗅𝗂́𝗊𝗎𝗂𝖽𝗈 𝖺𝗆𝗇𝗂𝗈́𝗍𝗂𝖼𝗈. 𝖠 𝗂𝖽𝖾𝗂𝖺 𝖼𝖾𝗇𝗍𝗋𝖺𝗅 𝗉𝗈𝗋 𝖽𝖾𝗍𝗋𝖺́𝗌 𝖽𝗈 𝗎́𝗍𝖾𝗋𝗈 𝖺𝗋𝗍𝗂𝖿𝗂𝖼𝗂𝖺𝗅 𝖾́ 𝗌𝗎𝗉𝗈𝗋𝗍𝖺𝗋 𝗈𝗌 𝗉𝗋𝖾𝗆𝖺𝗍𝗎𝗋𝗈𝗌 𝖾𝗑𝗍𝗋𝖾𝗆𝗈𝗌 𝖽𝗎𝗋𝖺𝗇𝗍𝖾 𝗈𝗌 𝖽𝗂𝖺𝗌 𝖾 𝗌𝖾𝗆𝖺𝗇𝖺𝗌 𝗈𝗇𝖽𝖾 𝗈𝗌 𝖽𝖺𝗇𝗈𝗌 𝖺𝗈𝗌 𝗈́𝗋𝗀𝖺̃𝗈𝗌 𝗆𝖺𝗂𝗌 𝗂𝗆𝖺𝗍𝗎𝗋𝗈𝗌, 𝖼𝗈𝗆𝗈 𝗈𝗌 𝗉𝗎𝗅𝗆𝗈̃𝖾𝗌 𝖾 𝗈 𝖼𝖾́𝗋𝖾𝖻𝗋𝗈, 𝗌𝖺̃𝗈 𝗆𝖺𝗂𝗌 𝗉𝗋𝗈𝗏𝖺́𝗏𝖾𝗂𝗌. 𝖤𝗆 𝗆𝗎𝗂𝗍𝗈𝗌 𝗉𝗋𝗈𝗍𝗈́𝗍𝗂𝗉𝗈𝗌 𝖽𝖾 𝗎́𝗍𝖾𝗋𝗈𝗌 𝖺𝗋𝗍𝗂𝖿𝗂𝖼𝗂𝖺𝗂𝗌, 𝗈 𝗌𝖺𝗇𝗀𝗎𝖾 𝖽𝗈 𝗉𝗋𝖾𝗆𝖺𝗍𝗎𝗋𝗈 𝖾́ 𝗋𝖾𝗍𝗂𝗋𝖺𝖽𝗈 𝖽𝗈 𝖼𝗈𝗋𝖽𝖺̃𝗈 𝗎𝗆𝖻𝗂𝗅𝗂𝖼𝖺𝗅 𝗉𝗈𝗋 𝗎𝗆𝖺 𝖼𝖺̂𝗇𝗎𝗅𝖺, 𝖻𝗈𝗆𝖻𝖾𝖺𝖽𝗈 𝖺𝗍𝗋𝖺𝗏𝖾́𝗌 𝖽𝖾 𝗎𝗆 𝗉𝗎𝗅𝗆𝖺̃𝗈 𝖺𝗋𝗍𝗂𝖿𝗂𝖼𝗂𝖺𝗅 𝗆𝗂𝗇𝗂𝖺𝗍𝗎𝗋𝗂𝗓𝖺𝖽𝗈 𝗊𝗎𝖾 𝖺𝖽𝗂𝖼𝗂𝗈𝗇𝖺 𝗈𝗑𝗂𝗀𝖾́𝗇𝗂𝗈 𝖾 𝗋𝖾𝗆𝗈𝗏𝖾 𝖽𝗂𝗈́𝗑𝗂𝖽𝗈 𝖽𝖾 𝖼𝖺𝗋𝖻𝗈𝗇𝗈, 𝖾 𝗋𝖾𝗍𝗈𝗋𝗇𝖺𝖽𝗈 𝖺𝗈 𝖼𝗈𝗋𝗉𝗈 𝖺̀ 𝗍𝖾𝗆𝗉𝖾𝗋𝖺𝗍𝗎𝗋𝖺 𝖿𝗂𝗌𝗂𝗈𝗅𝗈́𝗀𝗂𝖼𝖺. 𝖲𝗂𝗆𝗎𝗅𝗍𝖺𝗇𝖾𝖺𝗆𝖾𝗇𝗍𝖾, 𝗈𝗌 𝗉𝗎𝗅𝗆𝗈̃𝖾𝗌 𝗌𝖺̃𝗈 𝗉𝗋𝖾𝖾𝗇𝖼𝗁𝗂𝖽𝗈𝗌 𝖼𝗈𝗆 𝗎𝗆 𝖿𝗅𝗎𝗂𝖽𝗈 𝖾𝗌𝗉𝖾𝖼𝗂𝖺𝗅 𝖾𝗌𝗍𝗂𝗆𝗎𝗅𝖺𝖽𝗈𝗋 𝖽𝗈 𝖼𝗋𝖾𝗌𝖼𝗂𝗆𝖾𝗇𝗍𝗈. 𝖠𝗅𝗀𝗎𝗆𝖺𝗌 𝖺𝖻𝗈𝗋𝖽𝖺𝗀𝖾𝗇𝗌 𝗆𝖺𝗂𝗌 𝖿𝗎𝗍𝗎𝗋𝗂𝗌𝗍𝖺𝗌 𝖼𝗈𝗇𝗍𝖾𝗆𝗉𝗅𝖺𝗆 𝖺 𝗂𝗆𝖾𝗋𝗌𝖺̃𝗈 𝖽𝗈 𝖿𝖾𝗍𝗈 𝗇𝗎𝗆 𝗌𝖺𝖼𝗈 𝖼𝗈𝗇𝗍𝖾𝗇𝖽𝗈 𝗎𝗆 𝗌𝗎𝖻𝗌𝗍𝗂𝗍𝗎𝗍𝗈 𝖽𝗈 𝗅𝗂́𝗊𝗎𝗂𝖽𝗈 𝖺𝗆𝗇𝗂𝗈́𝗍𝗂𝖼𝗈 𝗋𝗂𝖼𝗈 𝖾𝗆 𝖾𝗅𝖾𝗍𝗋𝗈́𝗅𝗂𝗍𝗈𝗌. 𝖤𝗌𝗍𝖺 𝖾𝗌𝗍𝗋𝖺𝗍𝖾́𝗀𝗂𝖺 𝗋𝖾𝖽𝗎𝗓 𝗈 𝗌𝗍𝗋𝖾𝗌𝗌, 𝖺𝗆𝗈𝗋𝗍𝖾𝖼𝖾 𝗈 𝖻𝖾𝖻𝖾́ 𝖾 𝗉𝗋𝗈𝗍𝖾𝗀𝖾 𝖺 𝗌𝗎𝖺 𝗉𝖾𝗅𝖾 𝖽𝖾𝗅𝗂𝖼𝖺𝖽𝖺 𝖽𝖾 𝗂𝗇𝖿𝖾𝖼̧𝗈̃𝖾𝗌 𝖾 𝗅𝖾𝗌𝗈̃𝖾𝗌 [𝟤,𝟥].

𝖤𝗆𝖻𝗈𝗋𝖺 𝗇𝖾𝗇𝗁𝗎𝗆 𝗎́𝗍𝖾𝗋𝗈 𝖺𝗋𝗍𝗂𝖿𝗂𝖼𝗂𝖺𝗅 𝗍𝖾𝗇𝗁𝖺 𝗌𝗂𝖽𝗈 𝗍𝖾𝗌𝗍𝖺𝖽𝗈 𝖾𝗆 𝗁𝗎𝗆𝖺𝗇𝗈𝗌, 𝖽𝗂𝗌𝗉𝗈𝗌𝗂𝗍𝗂𝗏𝗈𝗌 𝗌𝖾𝗆𝖾𝗅𝗁𝖺𝗇𝗍𝖾𝗌 𝖿𝗈𝗋𝖺𝗆 𝗃𝖺́ 𝗎𝗍𝗂𝗅𝗂𝗓𝖺𝖽𝗈𝗌 𝗉𝖺𝗋𝖺 𝖼𝗈𝗆𝗉𝗅𝖾𝗍𝖺𝗋 𝖺 𝗀𝖾𝗌𝗍𝖺𝖼̧𝖺̃𝗈 𝖽𝖾 𝖺𝗇𝗂𝗆𝖺𝗂𝗌 𝖼𝗈𝗆 𝗌𝗎𝖼𝖾𝗌𝗌𝗈. 𝖤𝗆 𝟤𝟢𝟣𝟩, 𝗉𝗈𝗋 𝖾𝗑𝖾𝗆𝗉𝗅𝗈, 𝗂𝗇𝗏𝖾𝗌𝗍𝗂𝗀𝖺𝖽𝗈𝗋𝖾𝗌 𝖽𝗈 𝖧𝗈𝗌𝗉𝗂𝗍𝖺𝗅 𝖯𝖾𝖽𝗂𝖺́𝗍𝗋𝗂𝖼𝗈 𝖽𝖾 𝖥𝗂𝗅𝖺𝖽𝖾́𝗅𝖿𝗂𝖺 𝗆𝗈𝗌𝗍𝗋𝖺𝗋𝖺𝗆 𝗌𝖾𝗋 𝗉𝗈𝗌𝗌𝗂́𝗏𝖾𝗅 𝗌𝗎𝗉𝗈𝗋𝗍𝖺𝗋 𝖿𝗂𝗌𝗂𝗈𝗅𝗈𝗀𝗂𝖼𝖺𝗆𝖾𝗇𝗍𝖾 𝖿𝖾𝗍𝗈𝗌 𝖽𝖾 𝖼𝗈𝗋𝖽𝖾𝗂𝗋𝗈𝗌, 𝖾𝗊𝗎𝗂𝗏𝖺𝗅𝖾𝗇𝗍𝖾𝗌 𝖾𝗆 𝗍𝖾𝗋𝗆𝗈𝗌 𝖽𝗈 𝗌𝖾𝗎 𝖽𝖾𝗌𝖾𝗇𝗏𝗈𝗅𝗏𝗂𝗆𝖾𝗇𝗍𝗈 𝖺 𝖻𝖾𝖻𝖾́𝗌 𝗁𝗎𝗆𝖺𝗇𝗈𝗌 𝗉𝗋𝖾𝗆𝖺𝗍𝗎𝗋𝗈𝗌 𝖾𝗑𝗍𝗋𝖾𝗆𝗈𝗌, 𝗇𝗎𝗆 𝗎́𝗍𝖾𝗋𝗈 𝖺𝗋𝗍𝗂𝖿𝗂𝖼𝗂𝖺𝗅 𝗉𝗈𝗋 𝖺𝗍𝖾́ 𝗊𝗎𝖺𝗍𝗋𝗈 𝗌𝖾𝗆𝖺𝗇𝖺𝗌 [𝟥]. 𝖮 𝖺𝖼𝗎𝗆𝗎𝗅𝖺𝗋 𝖽𝖾 𝗋𝖾𝗌𝗎𝗅𝗍𝖺𝖽𝗈𝗌 𝗉𝗈𝗌𝗂𝗍𝗂𝗏𝗈𝗌 𝖾 𝖻𝗈𝗇𝗌 𝗂𝗇𝖽𝗂𝖼𝖺𝖽𝗈𝗋𝖾𝗌 𝗍𝖾𝗆 𝗅𝖾𝗏𝖺𝖽𝗈 𝖺 𝖺𝗀𝖾̂𝗇𝖼𝗂𝖺 𝗋𝖾𝗀𝗎𝗅𝖺𝖽𝗈𝗋𝖺 𝖥𝖣𝖠 𝖺 𝗂𝗇𝗍𝖾𝗋𝖺𝗀𝗂𝗋 𝖼𝗈𝗆 𝗏𝖺́𝗋𝗂𝗈𝗌 𝗀𝗋𝗎𝗉𝗈𝗌 𝖽𝖾 𝗂𝗇𝗏𝖾𝗌𝗍𝗂𝗀𝖺𝖼̧𝖺̃𝗈 𝖾𝗆 𝖺𝗇𝗍𝖾𝖼𝗂𝗉𝖺𝖼̧𝖺̃𝗈 𝖽𝗈 𝗂𝗇𝖾𝗏𝗂𝗍𝖺́𝗏𝖾𝗅 𝗉𝗋𝗂𝗆𝖾𝗂𝗋𝗈 𝗉𝖾𝖽𝗂𝖽𝗈 𝖽𝖾 𝖺𝗎𝗍𝗈𝗋𝗂𝗓𝖺𝖼̧𝖺̃𝗈 𝗉𝖺𝗋𝖺 𝗋𝖾𝖺𝗅𝗂𝗓𝖺𝖼̧𝖺̃𝗈 𝖽𝖾 𝖾𝗇𝗌𝖺𝗂𝗈𝗌 𝖼𝗅𝗂́𝗇𝗂𝖼𝗈𝗌 𝗇𝗎𝗆 𝗎́𝗍𝖾𝗋𝗈 𝖺𝗋𝗍𝗂𝖿𝗂𝖼𝗂𝖺𝗅 [𝟦]. 𝖢𝗅𝖺𝗋𝖺𝗆𝖾𝗇𝗍𝖾, 𝗈𝗌 𝖼𝗂𝖾𝗇𝗍𝗂𝗌𝗍𝖺𝗌 𝗉𝗋𝖾𝖼𝗂𝗌𝖺𝗋𝖺̃𝗈 𝖽𝖾 𝖽𝖾𝗆𝗈𝗇𝗌𝗍𝗋𝖺𝗋 𝗊𝗎𝖾 𝗈 𝖽𝗂𝗌𝗉𝗈𝗌𝗂𝗍𝗂𝗏𝗈 𝗉𝗈𝖽𝖾 𝖿𝖺𝖼𝗂𝗅𝗂𝗍𝖺𝗋 𝗈 𝖼𝗋𝖾𝗌𝖼𝗂𝗆𝖾𝗇𝗍𝗈 𝖾 𝖽𝖾𝗌𝖾𝗇𝗏𝗈𝗅𝗏𝗂𝗆𝖾𝗇𝗍𝗈, 𝗋𝖾𝖽𝗎𝗓𝗂𝗋 𝖺 𝗍𝖺𝗑𝖺 𝖽𝖾 𝗆𝗈𝗋𝗍𝖺𝗅𝗂𝖽𝖺𝖽𝖾 𝖾 𝗉𝗋𝗈𝖻𝗅𝖾𝗆𝖺𝗌 𝖽𝖾 𝗌𝖺𝗎́𝖽𝖾, 𝖾 𝗌𝗎𝗉𝖾𝗋𝖺𝗋 𝗈𝗌 𝖼𝗎𝗂𝖽𝖺𝖽𝗈𝗌 𝗈𝖿𝖾𝗋𝖾𝖼𝗂𝖽𝗈 𝗉𝖾𝗅𝖺𝗌 𝗍𝖾𝖼𝗇𝗈𝗅𝗈𝗀𝗂𝖺𝗌 𝖾𝗑𝗂𝗌𝗍𝖾𝗇𝗍𝖾𝗌 𝖾𝗆 𝗎𝗇𝗂𝖽𝖺𝖽𝖾𝗌 𝖽𝖾 𝖼𝗎𝗂𝖽𝖺𝖽𝗈𝗌 𝗂𝗇𝗍𝖾𝗇𝗌𝗂𝗏𝗈𝗌 𝗇𝖾𝗈𝗇𝖺𝗍𝖺𝗂𝗌 [𝟦].

𝖤𝗆𝖻𝗈𝗋𝖺 𝗈 𝗈𝖻𝗃𝖾𝗍𝗂𝗏𝗈 𝖽𝖾 𝗎𝗆 𝗎́𝗍𝖾𝗋𝗈 𝖺𝗋𝗍𝗂𝖿𝗂𝖼𝗂𝖺𝗅 𝗇𝖺̃𝗈 𝗌𝖾𝗃𝖺 𝖽𝖾 𝗍𝗈𝖽𝗈 𝗈 𝖽𝖾 𝗋𝖾𝗉𝗅𝗂𝖼𝖺𝗋 𝗎𝗆𝖺 𝗀𝖾𝗌𝗍𝖺𝖼̧𝖺̃𝗈 𝗁𝗎𝗆𝖺𝗇𝖺 𝖽𝗈 𝖾𝗆𝖻𝗋𝗂𝖺̃𝗈 𝖺𝗍𝖾́ 𝗈 𝗇𝖺𝗌𝖼𝗂𝗆𝖾𝗇𝗍𝗈, 𝗉𝗈𝗎𝖼𝖺𝗌 𝖽𝗎́𝗏𝗂𝖽𝖺𝗌 𝖾𝗑𝗂𝗌𝗍𝖾𝗆 𝖽𝖾 𝗊𝗎𝖾 𝗉𝖺𝗌𝗌𝗈𝗌 𝗇𝖾𝗌𝗌𝖺 𝖽𝗂𝗋𝖾𝖼̧𝖺̃𝗈 𝖺𝖼𝖺𝖻𝖺𝗋𝖺̃𝗈 𝗂𝗇𝖾𝗏𝗂𝗍𝖺𝗏𝖾𝗅𝗆𝖾𝗇𝗍𝖾 𝗉𝗈𝗋 𝗌𝖾𝗋 𝖽𝖺𝖽𝗈𝗌. 𝖧𝗈𝗃𝖾 𝗆𝖾𝗌𝗆𝗈, 𝖺 𝗂𝖽𝖾𝗂𝖺 𝖽𝖺 𝖾𝖼𝗍𝗈𝗀𝖾́𝗇𝖾𝗌𝖾 𝖾́ 𝖽𝗂𝗌𝖼𝗎𝗍𝗂𝖽𝖺 𝖽𝖾 𝖿𝗈𝗋𝗆𝖺 𝗌𝖾́𝗋𝗂𝖺 𝗉𝗈𝗋 𝖼𝗂𝖾𝗇𝗍𝗂𝗌𝗍𝖺𝗌 𝖾 𝖾𝗆𝗉𝗋𝖾𝗌𝖺𝗌 𝖼𝗈𝗆𝗈 𝗎𝗆𝖺 𝗌𝗈𝗅𝗎𝖼̧𝖺̃𝗈 𝗉𝖺𝗋𝖺 𝗋𝖾𝗌𝗀𝖺𝗍𝖺𝗋 𝖾𝗌𝗉𝖾́𝖼𝗂𝖾𝗌 𝖾𝗑𝗍𝗂𝗇𝗍𝖺𝗌 𝗈𝗎 𝖼𝗋𝗂𝗍𝗂𝖼𝖺𝗆𝖾𝗇𝗍𝖾 𝖺𝗆𝖾𝖺𝖼̧𝖺𝖽𝖺𝗌 [𝟤]. 𝖭𝗎𝗆𝖾𝗋𝗈𝗌𝖺𝗌 𝗊𝗎𝖾𝗌𝗍𝗈̃𝖾𝗌 𝖾́𝗍𝗂𝖼𝖺𝗌, 𝗉𝗈𝗅𝗂́𝗍𝗂𝖼𝖺𝗌 𝖾 𝗌𝗈𝖼𝗂𝖺𝗂𝗌 𝗉𝗈𝖽𝖾𝗆 𝗌𝖾𝗋 𝖺𝗇𝗍𝖾𝖼𝗂𝗉𝖺𝖽𝖺𝗌 𝖼𝖺𝗌𝗈 𝗎𝗆 𝖽𝗂𝖺 𝗈𝗌 𝖽𝖾𝗌𝖺𝖿𝗂𝗈𝗌 𝗍𝖾𝖼𝗇𝗈𝗅𝗈́𝗀𝗂𝖼𝗈𝗌 𝖼𝗈𝗆𝗉𝗅𝖾𝗑𝗈𝗌 𝖽𝖺 𝖾𝖼𝗍𝗈𝗀𝖾́𝗇𝖾𝗌𝖾 𝗌𝖾𝗃𝖺𝗆 𝗋𝖾𝗌𝗈𝗅𝗏𝗂𝖽𝗈𝗌. 𝖣𝖾𝗌𝖽𝖾 𝗅𝗈𝗀𝗈, 𝖺 𝗂𝗇𝖾𝗏𝗂𝗍𝖺́𝗏𝖾𝗅 𝖺𝗅𝗍𝖾𝗋𝖺𝖼̧𝖺̃𝗈 𝖽𝖺 𝖽𝖾𝖿𝗂𝗇𝗂𝖼̧𝖺̃𝗈 𝖽𝗈 𝗊𝗎𝖾 𝖾́ 𝗎𝗆 𝖾𝗆𝖻𝗋𝗂𝖺̃𝗈/𝖿𝖾𝗍𝗈 𝗏𝗂𝖺́𝗏𝖾𝗅 𝗍𝖾𝗋𝖺́ 𝗂𝗆𝗉𝗅𝗂𝖼𝖺𝖼̧𝗈̃𝖾𝗌 𝗅𝖾𝗀𝖺𝗂𝗌 𝖾 𝖾́𝗍𝗂𝖼𝖺𝗌, 𝗋𝖾𝖼𝗈𝗇𝖿𝗂𝗀𝗎𝗋𝖺𝗇𝖽𝗈 𝖽𝖾𝖻𝖺𝗍𝖾𝗌 𝗌𝗈𝖻𝗋𝖾 𝖺𝖻𝗈𝗋𝗍𝗈, 𝖽𝗂𝗋𝖾𝗂𝗍𝗈𝗌 𝗋𝖾𝗉𝗋𝗈𝖽𝗎𝗍𝗂𝗏𝗈𝗌 𝖾 𝗉𝗈𝗅𝗂́𝗍𝗂𝖼𝖺𝗌 𝖽𝖾 𝗌𝖺𝗎́𝖽𝖾 𝗉𝗎́𝖻𝗅𝗂𝖼𝖺. 𝖠𝗌 𝗊𝗎𝖾𝗌𝗍𝗈̃𝖾𝗌 𝖾𝗆 𝗍𝗈𝗋𝗇𝗈 𝖽𝗈 𝗌𝗍𝖺𝗍𝗎𝗌 𝗆𝗈𝗋𝖺𝗅 𝖽𝗈 𝖿𝖾𝗍𝗈 𝖾 𝖽𝗈𝗌 𝖽𝗂𝗋𝖾𝗂𝗍𝗈𝗌 𝖽𝗈 𝖾𝗆𝖻𝗋𝗂𝖺̃𝗈, 𝗈𝗎 𝖽𝗈 𝗂𝗆𝗉𝖺𝖼𝗍𝗈 𝗉𝗌𝗂𝖼𝗈𝗅𝗈́𝗀𝗂𝖼𝗈 𝖾𝗆 𝖼𝗋𝗂𝖺𝗇𝖼̧𝖺𝗌 𝗀𝖾𝗋𝖺𝖽𝖺𝗌 𝖺𝗋𝗍𝗂𝖿𝗂𝖼𝗂𝖺𝗅𝗆𝖾𝗇𝗍𝖾 𝗌𝖾𝗋𝖺̃𝗈 𝗂𝗇𝖾𝗏𝗂𝗍𝖺́𝗏𝖾𝗂𝗌. 𝖴𝗆𝖺 𝖿𝗎𝗍𝗎𝗋𝖺 𝗂𝗇𝖽𝗎𝗌𝗍𝗋𝗂𝖺𝗅𝗂𝗓𝖺𝖼̧𝖺̃𝗈 𝖽𝖺 𝗆𝖺𝗍𝖾𝗋𝗇𝗂𝖽𝖺𝖽𝖾 𝗍𝗋𝖺𝗋𝖺́ 𝖼𝗈𝗇𝗌𝗂𝗀𝗈 𝗉𝗋𝗈𝖿𝗎𝗇𝖽𝖺𝗌 𝗂𝗆𝗉𝗅𝗂𝖼𝖺𝖼̧𝗈̃𝖾𝗌 𝖿𝗂𝗅𝗈𝗌𝗈́𝖿𝗂𝖼𝖺𝗌, 𝖺𝖿𝖾𝗍𝖺𝗇𝖽𝗈 𝖼𝗈𝗇𝖼𝖾𝖼̧𝗈̃𝖾𝗌 𝗌𝗈𝖻𝗋𝖾 𝖺 𝗏𝗂𝖽𝖺, 𝗈 𝗉𝖺𝗉𝖾𝗅 𝖽𝖺 𝗆𝗎𝗅𝗁𝖾𝗋 𝖾 𝖺 𝗉𝗋𝗈́𝗉𝗋𝗂𝖺 𝗇𝖺𝗍𝗎𝗋𝖾𝗓𝖺 𝖽𝖺 𝗋𝖾𝗉𝗋𝗈𝖽𝗎𝖼̧𝖺̃𝗈 𝗁𝗎𝗆𝖺𝗇𝖺. 𝖠 𝗉𝗈𝗌𝗌𝗂𝖻𝗂𝗅𝗂𝖽𝖺𝖽𝖾 𝖽𝖾 𝗎𝗌𝖺𝗋 𝖺 𝖾𝖼𝗍𝗈𝗀𝖾́𝗇𝖾𝗌𝖾 𝗉𝖺𝗋𝖺 𝖿𝗂𝗇𝗌 𝖼𝗈𝗇𝗍𝗋𝗈𝗏𝖾𝗋𝗌𝗈𝗌 𝖼𝗈𝗆𝗈 𝗉𝗈𝗋 𝖾𝗑𝖾𝗆𝗉𝗅𝗈 𝗈 𝗆𝖾𝗅𝗁𝗈𝗋𝖺𝗆𝖾𝗇𝗍𝗈 𝗈𝗎 𝖺 𝖾𝗌𝗉𝖾𝖼𝗂𝖺𝗅𝗂𝗓𝖺𝖼̧𝖺̃𝗈 𝗀𝖾𝗇𝖾́𝗍𝗂𝖼𝖺 𝖽𝖾 𝗂𝗇𝖽𝗂𝗏𝗂́𝖽𝗎𝗈𝗌 𝗇𝖺̃𝗈 𝖽𝖾𝗂𝗑𝖺𝗋𝖺́ 𝗍𝖺𝗆𝖻𝖾́𝗆 𝖽𝖾 𝖺𝗀𝗂𝗍𝖺𝗋 𝖺 𝖽𝗂𝗌𝖼𝗎𝗌𝗌𝖺̃𝗈.

𝖮 𝗎́𝗍𝖾𝗋𝗈 𝖺𝗋𝗍𝗂𝖿𝗂𝖼𝗂𝖺𝗅 𝗉𝖾𝗋𝗌𝖾𝗀𝗎𝖾 𝗈 𝗈𝖻𝗃𝖾𝗍𝗂𝗏𝗈 𝗇𝗈𝖻𝗋𝖾 𝖽𝖾 𝗀𝖺𝗋𝖺𝗇𝗍𝗂𝗋 𝗈 𝗍𝖾́𝗋𝗆𝗂𝗇𝗈 𝖻𝖾𝗆-𝗌𝗎𝖼𝖾𝖽𝗂𝖽𝗈 𝖾 𝗌𝖾𝗆 𝗌𝖾𝗊𝗎𝖾𝗅𝖺𝗌 𝖽𝖺 𝗀𝖾𝗌𝗍𝖺𝖼̧𝖺̃𝗈 𝖽𝖾 𝗉𝗋𝖾𝗆𝖺𝗍𝗎𝗋𝗈𝗌 𝖾𝗑𝗍𝗋𝖾𝗆𝗈𝗌. 𝖳𝗎𝖽𝗈 𝗂𝗇𝖽𝗂𝖼𝖺 𝗊𝗎𝖾 𝗇𝗎𝗆 𝖿𝗎𝗍𝗎𝗋𝗈 𝗉𝗋𝗈́𝗑𝗂𝗆𝗈 𝖾𝗌𝗍𝖾𝗌 𝖽𝗂𝗌𝗉𝗈𝗌𝗂𝗍𝗂𝗏𝗈𝗌 𝗆𝖾́𝖽𝗂𝖼𝗈𝗌 𝗌𝖾 𝗉𝗈𝗌𝗌𝖺𝗆 𝗍𝗈𝗋𝗇𝖺𝗋 𝗎𝗆𝖺 𝗋𝖾𝖺𝗅𝗂𝖽𝖺𝖽𝖾, 𝗇𝖺̃𝗈 𝗌𝖾𝗇𝖽𝗈 𝗂𝗆𝗉𝖾𝗇𝗌𝖺́𝗏𝖾𝗅 𝗊𝗎𝖾 𝗎𝗆 𝖽𝗂𝖺 𝖺 𝗏𝗂𝗌𝖺̃𝗈 𝖽𝖾 𝖻𝖾𝖻𝖾́𝗌 𝖾𝗆 𝗀𝖾𝗌𝗍𝖺𝖼̧𝖺̃𝗈 𝗇𝗈 𝗂𝗇𝗍𝖾𝗋𝗂𝗈𝗋 𝖽𝖾 𝗌𝖺𝖼𝗈𝗌 𝖼𝗁𝖾𝗂𝗈𝗌 𝖽𝖾 𝗅𝗂́𝗊𝗎𝗂𝖽𝗈 𝗌𝖾 𝗍𝗈𝗋𝗇𝖾 𝖼𝗈𝗆𝗎𝗆 𝗇𝖺𝗌 𝗆𝖺𝗍𝖾𝗋𝗇𝗂𝖽𝖺𝖽𝖾𝗌. 𝖠𝗉𝖾𝗌𝖺𝗋 𝖽𝗂𝗌𝗌𝗈, 𝗈 𝖼𝗈𝗇𝗍𝗋𝗈𝗅𝗈 𝗌𝗈𝖼𝗂𝖺𝗅 𝖾 𝖺 𝖽𝖾𝗌𝖼𝗈𝗇𝖾𝗑𝖺̃𝗈 𝖾𝗆𝗈𝖼𝗂𝗈𝗇𝖺𝗅 𝗌𝗎𝖻𝗃𝖺𝖼𝖾𝗇𝗍𝖾𝗌 𝖺̀ 𝗆𝖺𝗍𝖾𝗋𝗇𝗂𝖽𝖺𝖽𝖾 𝗂𝗇𝖽𝗎𝗌𝗍𝗋𝗂𝖺𝗅𝗂𝗓𝖺𝖽𝖺 𝗂𝗆𝖺𝗀𝗂𝗇𝖺𝖽𝖺 𝗉𝗈𝗋 𝖧𝗎𝗑𝗅𝖾𝗒 𝖾𝗆 𝖠𝖽𝗆𝗂𝗋𝖺́𝗏𝖾𝗅 𝖬𝗎𝗇𝖽𝗈 𝖭𝗈𝗏𝗈 𝗉𝖾𝗋𝗆𝖺𝗇𝖾𝖼𝖾𝗆 𝗆𝗎𝗂𝗍𝗈 𝖽𝗂𝗌𝗍𝖺𝗇𝗍𝖾𝗌.

[𝟏] 𝐎𝐌𝐒 (𝟐𝟎𝟐𝟑) 𝐁𝐨𝐫𝐧 𝐭𝐨𝐨 𝐬𝐨𝐨𝐧: 𝐝𝐞𝐜𝐚𝐝𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐨𝐧 𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐦 𝐛𝐢𝐫𝐭𝐡. 𝐈𝐒𝐁𝐍: 𝟗𝟕𝟖-𝟗𝟐-𝟒-𝟎𝟎𝟕𝟑𝟖𝟗-𝟎

[𝟐] 𝐈𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐚𝐧𝐝, 𝐓. (𝟐𝟎𝟐𝟒) 𝐓𝐨 𝐛𝐞 𝐛𝐨𝐫𝐧 𝐢𝐧 𝐚 𝐛𝐚𝐠. 𝐀𝐬𝐢𝐦𝐨𝐯 𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐬. 𝐝𝐨𝐢: 𝐡𝐭𝐭𝐩𝐬://𝐝𝐨𝐢.𝐨𝐫𝐠/𝟏𝟎.𝟔𝟐𝟐𝟏𝟏/𝟕𝟐𝐡𝐫-𝟗𝟖𝐭𝐮

[𝟑] 𝐏𝐚𝐫𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐝𝐠𝐞, 𝐄.𝐀. 𝐞𝐭 𝐚𝐥., (𝟐𝟎𝟏𝟕) 𝐀𝐧 𝐞𝐱𝐭𝐫𝐚-𝐮𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐞 𝐬𝐲𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐦 𝐭𝐨 𝐩𝐡𝐲𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐥𝐨𝐠𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐲 𝐬𝐮𝐩𝐩𝐨𝐫𝐭 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐞𝐱𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐦𝐞 𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐦𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐥𝐚𝐦𝐛. 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐦𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬, 𝟖:𝟏𝟓𝟏𝟏𝟐.

[𝟒] 𝐊𝐨𝐳𝐥𝐨𝐯, 𝐌. (𝟐𝟎𝟐𝟑) 𝐇𝐮𝐦𝐚𝐧 𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐚𝐥𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐫𝐭𝐢𝐟𝐢𝐜𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐰𝐨𝐦𝐛𝐬 𝐜𝐨𝐮𝐥𝐝 𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐫𝐭 𝐬𝐨𝐨𝐧. 𝐇𝐞𝐫𝐞’𝐬 𝐰𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐲𝐨𝐮 𝐧𝐞𝐞𝐝 𝐭𝐨 𝐤𝐧𝐨𝐰. 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝟔𝟐𝟏, 𝟒𝟓𝟖-𝟒𝟔𝟎.

* Professor catedrático do Instituto Superior Técnico (IST), Universidade de Lisboa. Investigador no Instituto de Bioengenharia e Biociências. Licenciado em Engenharia Química pela Universidade de Coimbra (1989), doutorado pela Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, com especialização em Engenharia Química (1993), agregado na área de Engenharia Química pelo IST (2003). O seu trabalho de investigação científica tem sido no domínio da Engenharia de Biomolecular e de Bioprocessos, com destaque para os seguintes tópicos: Produção e purificação de biofármacos, e em especial, ácidos nucleicos, e Bio-reconhecimento em interfaces e biosensores. Sobre estes temas publicou mais de 200 artigos em revistas internacionais, 28 capítulos em livros e 2 livros. Coordenou vários projetos nacionais.

IN "iN" - 05/11/24 .