ANA PAULA LOPES

.

O corpo comunica (e a lei

é cega): a urgência de uma

nova perícia nos tribunais

Quando um arguido ou uma testemunha se apresenta para depor, o tribunal está atento a tudo: ao tremor das mãos, ao desvio do olhar, à rigidez da postura. O problema é que, no nosso sistema judicial, não existe uma forma cientificamente validada de interpretar estes sinais.

𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑠 𝑣𝑒𝑧𝑒𝑠 𝑗𝑎́ 𝑣𝑖𝑢 𝑢𝑚 𝑓𝑖𝑙𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑢 𝑢𝑚𝑎 𝑠𝑒́𝑟𝑖𝑒 𝑒𝑚 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑢𝑚 𝑑𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒, 𝑎𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑎𝑠 𝑜𝑙ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑜 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑜 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑜 𝑢𝑚 𝑠𝑢𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑖𝑡𝑜 𝑠𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎 𝑜𝑢 𝑒𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑎 𝑜 𝑜𝑙ℎ𝑎𝑟, 𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑐𝑜𝑏𝑟𝑒 𝑎 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑑𝑎𝑑𝑒.ᐣ 𝐹𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑓𝑎𝑠𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑑𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑚 𝑎 𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑖𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑜 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑝𝑜 𝑟𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑎 𝑠𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑑𝑜𝑠 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑎𝑠 𝑝𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑣𝑟𝑎𝑠 𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑚 𝑒𝑠𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟. 𝑀𝑎𝑠, 𝑠𝑒 𝑝𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑎𝑟𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑎 𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑐̧𝑎̃𝑜 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑎 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑𝑒 𝑑𝑜𝑠 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑢𝑛𝑎𝑖𝑠 𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑢𝑔𝑢𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑠, 𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑜-𝑛𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑚 𝑢𝑚 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑎 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑙: 𝑜 𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑎 𝑗𝑢𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎, 𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒, “𝑙𝑒𝑟” 𝑜 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑝𝑜 - 𝑚𝑎𝑠 𝑓𝑎́-𝑙𝑜 𝑠𝑒𝑚 𝑜 𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑢𝑚𝑎 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑜𝑑𝑜𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑖𝑎 𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝜄́𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑎 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑎 𝑙𝑒𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑎.

𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑢𝑚 𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑢𝑖𝑑𝑜 𝑜𝑢 𝑢𝑚𝑎 𝑡𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑢𝑛ℎ𝑎 𝑠𝑒 𝑎𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑜𝑟, 𝑜 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑢𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑎́ 𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑎 𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑜: 𝑎𝑜 𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑟 𝑑𝑎𝑠 𝑚𝑎̃𝑜𝑠, 𝑎𝑜 𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑣𝑖𝑜 𝑑𝑜 𝑜𝑙ℎ𝑎𝑟, 𝑎̀ 𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑧 𝑑𝑎 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑎. 𝑂 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑎 𝑒́ 𝑞𝑢𝑒, 𝑛𝑜 𝑛𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑜 𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑎 𝑗𝑢𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑙, 𝑛𝑎̃𝑜 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑒 𝑢𝑚𝑎 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎 𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑟 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑠 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑖𝑠. 𝑁𝑎 𝑎𝑢𝑠𝑒̂𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑜𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑜𝑠, 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑐𝑒 𝑢𝑚 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑗𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑢𝑖𝑐̧𝑜̃𝑒𝑠, 𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑖𝑎𝑠 𝑓𝑒𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑠 𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑠 𝑑𝑎 𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑒̂𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎 𝑝𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑜𝑎𝑙 𝑞𝑢𝑒, 𝑒𝑚𝑏𝑜𝑟𝑎 ℎ𝑢𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑠, 𝑛𝑎̃𝑜 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑒𝑚 𝑜 𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑜𝑟 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑎 𝑐𝑖𝑒̂𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎 ℎ𝑜𝑗𝑒 𝑛𝑜𝑠 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑎𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑟.

𝐴 𝑐𝑖𝑒̂𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎 𝑑𝑖𝑧-𝑛𝑜𝑠 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑐̧𝑎̃𝑜 ℎ𝑢𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑎 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑜 𝑢𝑚𝑎 𝑜𝑟𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎: 𝑛𝑎̃𝑜 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑎𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑎𝑠 𝑎𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒́𝑠 𝑑𝑎𝑠 𝑝𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑣𝑟𝑎𝑠; 𝑜 𝑛𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑜 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑝𝑜, 𝑜𝑠 𝑛𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑜𝑠 𝑔𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑠, 𝑜 𝑛𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑜 𝑜𝑙ℎ𝑎𝑟, 𝑡𝑜𝑑𝑜𝑠 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑚 𝑢𝑚 𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑎 𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑎𝑙 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑜 𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑎̂𝑚𝑖𝑐𝑜 𝑞𝑢𝑒, 𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑜 𝑐𝑎𝑑𝑎 𝑢𝑚 𝑑𝑜𝑠 𝑖𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑠 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑡𝑜𝑐𝑎𝑚 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑎 𝑜𝑟𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎, 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑧𝑒𝑚 𝑢𝑚𝑎 𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑎𝑔𝑒𝑚 ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑖𝑜𝑠𝑎 𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒𝑡𝑎. 𝑂 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑜 𝑛𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑜 𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑎 𝑗𝑢𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑎̃𝑜 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑖𝑟 𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑠 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑎𝑗𝑢𝑑𝑒𝑚 𝑎 𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑐𝑜𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑟 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑎 𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑎𝑔𝑒𝑚 - 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑜 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑒́ 𝑢𝑚 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜 ℎ𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑒 𝑢𝑚 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑣𝜄́𝑑𝑢𝑜 𝑑𝑎𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑙𝑜 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑒́, 𝑒𝑓𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒, 𝑢𝑚 𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑟𝑒̂𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑎 - 𝑒́ 𝑎 𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑓𝑎𝑙𝑡𝑎 𝑠𝑢𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑟 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑎 𝐽𝑢𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐̧𝑎 𝑃𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑢𝑔𝑢𝑒𝑠𝑎 𝑠𝑒 𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑛𝑒 𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑠 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑎 𝑒 𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑎𝑑𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑚 𝑜 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑗𝑎́ 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑐̧𝑎 𝑎 𝑠𝑒𝑟 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑑𝑜 𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑑𝑜 𝑙𝑎́ 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑎.

𝐴 𝑎𝑐𝑎𝑑𝑒𝑚𝑖𝑎 𝑒𝑚 𝑃𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑢𝑔𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑎́ 𝑎 𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒𝑟 𝑢𝑚𝑎 𝑡𝑒𝑐𝑛𝑜𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑖𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎, 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑠𝑎𝑟 𝑑𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎 𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑎́𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎 𝑒 𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝜄́𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑎 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑠 𝑚𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑠. 𝑂 𝑜𝑏𝑗𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑜 𝑛𝑎̃𝑜 𝑒́ 𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑟 𝑢𝑚 𝑑𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑑𝑒 𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑟𝑎𝑠 𝑎𝑢𝑡𝑜𝑚𝑎́𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑜, 𝑎𝑡𝑒́ 𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑎 𝑢𝑚 𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜 𝑒́𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑜 𝑒 𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝜄́𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑜. 𝑂 𝑛𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑜 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑜́𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑜 𝑒́ 𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑚𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑟 𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑠 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑢𝑚 𝑓𝑖𝑙𝑡𝑟𝑜 𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝜄́𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑜, 𝑢𝑚 𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑜 𝑎̀ 𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑠𝑎̃𝑜 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑎𝑗𝑢𝑑𝑒 𝑎 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑖𝑟 𝑜 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑒́ 𝑢𝑚 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜 ℎ𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑒 𝑢𝑚 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑣𝜄́𝑑𝑢𝑜 𝑑𝑎𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑙𝑜 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑒́, 𝑒𝑓𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒, 𝑢𝑚 𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑟𝑒̂𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑎 𝑛𝑢𝑚 𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜.

𝑁𝑜 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑜, 𝑎 𝑝𝑟𝑜́𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑎 𝑙𝑒𝑖 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑖 𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑎 𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑎́𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑜 𝑎 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑎 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑖𝑧𝑎𝑐̧𝑎̃𝑜. 𝐴𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒, 𝑜 𝐶𝑜́𝑑𝑖𝑔𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑜 𝑃𝑒𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑢𝑔𝑢𝑒̂𝑠 𝑒́, 𝑒𝑚 𝑚𝑢𝑖𝑡𝑜𝑠 𝑎𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑡𝑜𝑠, 𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑠𝑠𝑜 𝑒𝑚 𝑟𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑐̧𝑎̃𝑜 𝑎̀ 𝑑𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑎̃𝑜 𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑐̧𝑎̃𝑜. 𝑂 𝑓𝑜𝑐𝑜 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑎 𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑒𝑥𝑐𝑙𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑎 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑟 𝑛𝑜 𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑜 𝑒𝑠𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑜 𝑒 𝑛𝑜 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑢́𝑑𝑜 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑒́ 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑏𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑧𝑎𝑑𝑜. 𝑁𝑎̃𝑜 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑒 𝑢𝑚𝑎 𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑎 𝑜𝑢 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑟 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑎 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑎𝑐̧𝑎̃𝑜 𝑒𝑚 𝑣𝜄́𝑑𝑒𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑎𝑙𝑡𝑎 𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑𝑒 𝑑𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑜́𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑠 𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑖𝑠 𝑜𝑢 𝑗𝑢𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑖𝑠 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑎́𝑙𝑖𝑠𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑒, 𝑛𝑒𝑚 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝜄́𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑎𝑠 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑎𝑐̧𝑜̃𝑒𝑠 𝑠𝑒𝑗𝑎𝑚 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑑𝑎𝑠 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑠.

𝑂 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑐𝜄́𝑝𝑖𝑜 𝑑𝑎 “𝑙𝑖𝑣𝑟𝑒 𝑎𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑐̧𝑎̃𝑜 𝑑𝑎 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑎” (𝐴𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑔𝑜 𝟷𝟸𝟽.º 𝑑𝑜 𝐶𝑜́𝑑𝑖𝑔𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑜 𝑃𝑒𝑛𝑎𝑙) 𝑒́ 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙, 𝑚𝑎𝑠, 𝑛𝑎 𝑎𝑢𝑠𝑒̂𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛ℎ𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝜄́𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑧𝑎𝑑𝑜𝑠 𝑠𝑜𝑏𝑟𝑒 𝑜 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑛𝑎̃𝑜-𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑏𝑎𝑙, 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑐𝜄́𝑝𝑖𝑜 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒 𝑜 𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑐𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑠𝑒 𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑛𝑎𝑟 𝑛𝑢𝑚 𝑣𝑒𝜄́𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑜 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑖𝑡𝑜𝑠 𝑒 𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑠 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑜𝑠.

𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑧𝑎𝑟 𝑎 𝑛𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑎 𝐽𝑢𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐̧𝑎. 𝐴 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑐̧𝑎̃𝑜 𝑑𝑎 𝑎𝑛𝑎́𝑙𝑖𝑠𝑒 𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑜𝑠 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑢𝑛𝑎𝑖𝑠 𝑒 𝑛𝑎 𝑝𝑜𝑙𝜄́𝑐𝑖𝑎 𝑛𝑎̃𝑜 𝑒́ 𝑎𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑎𝑠 𝑢𝑚𝑎 𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑎̃𝑜 𝑡𝑒𝑐𝑛𝑜𝑙𝑜́𝑔𝑖𝑐𝑎: 𝑒́ 𝑢𝑚𝑎 𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑎̃𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑖𝑡𝑜𝑠 ℎ𝑢𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑜𝑠 𝑒 𝑑𝑒 𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑜𝑟 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑎𝑙. 𝐴𝑜 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑧𝑎𝑟 𝑎 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝜄́𝑐𝑖𝑎 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑢𝜄́𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑒 𝑒 𝑎𝑜 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑟 𝑎 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑎𝑐̧𝑎̃𝑜 𝑎𝑢𝑑𝑖𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑚 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑥𝑡𝑜𝑠-𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑣𝑒, 𝑔𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑜 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑝𝑜 𝑑𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑛𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑜𝑠 𝑛𝑢𝑚 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑜 - 𝑠𝑒𝑗𝑎𝑚 𝑣𝜄́𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑠, 𝑡𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑢𝑛ℎ𝑎𝑠 𝑜𝑢 𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑢𝑖𝑑𝑜𝑠 - 𝑛𝑎̃𝑜 𝑠𝑒𝑗𝑎 𝑎𝑙𝑣𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑐̧𝑜̃𝑒𝑠 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑗𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑠 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑑𝑒𝑚 𝑙𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑟 𝑎𝑜 𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜 𝑗𝑢𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑎́𝑟𝑖𝑜.

𝐴 𝑗𝑢𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐̧𝑎 𝑑𝑜 𝑠𝑒́𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑜 𝑋𝑋𝐼 𝑛𝑎̃𝑜 𝑝𝑜𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑎𝑟 𝑎 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑟-𝑠𝑒 𝑛𝑎𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑠 𝑑𝑎 𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑒̂𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎. 𝐸́ 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑑𝑎𝑟 𝑎̀ 𝑐𝑖𝑒̂𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎 𝑜 𝑠𝑒𝑢 𝑙𝑢𝑔𝑎𝑟 𝑛𝑎 𝑠𝑎𝑙𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑎𝑢𝑑𝑖𝑒̂𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑠 𝑒 𝑛𝑎 𝑝𝑜𝑙𝜄́𝑐𝑖𝑎, 𝑔𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑞𝑢𝑒, 𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑜 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜 ℎ𝑢𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑜, 𝑜 𝑓𝑎𝑧𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑚 𝑎 𝑚𝑒𝑠𝑚𝑎 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑠𝑎̃𝑜 𝑒 𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑜𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑚 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑢𝑚𝑎 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝐴𝐷𝑁 𝑜𝑢 𝑢𝑚𝑎 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝜄́𝑐𝑖𝑎 𝑏𝑎𝑙𝜄́𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎. 𝐴 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑑𝑎𝑑𝑒 𝑒 𝑎 𝑗𝑢𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐̧𝑎 𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑚 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑒 𝑒𝑠𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐̧𝑜.

* Investigadora e Docente do Ensino Superior. Investigadora Principal do Projeto Científico Tech4Justice ISCAC – Coimbra Business School

IN "SÁBADO" - 24/06/26.