MIGUEL MARTINS

 .

Corrida Espacial 2.0 

- o reflexo do 

neoliberalismo mundial 

Num momento em que a exploração espacial assume um papel cada vez mais relevante na política expansionista das potências mundiais, assistimos a uma preponderância das empresas privadas. Isto levanta uma grande questão: a nova corrida espacial é o reflexo do neoliberalismo mundial? 

𝙑𝙞𝙫𝙚-𝙨𝙚, 𝙖𝙩𝙪𝙖𝙡𝙢𝙚𝙣𝙩𝙚, 𝙪𝙢𝙖 𝙘𝙤𝙧𝙧𝙞𝙙𝙖 𝙖𝙤 𝙚𝙨𝙥𝙖𝙘̧𝙤 𝙚𝙣𝙩𝙧𝙚 𝙖𝙨 𝙥𝙤𝙩𝙚̂𝙣𝙘𝙞𝙖𝙨 𝙞𝙢𝙥𝙚𝙧𝙞𝙖𝙡𝙞𝙨𝙩𝙖𝙨, 𝙘𝙤𝙢𝙤 𝙖𝙡𝙩𝙚𝙧𝙣𝙖𝙩𝙞𝙫𝙖 𝙖𝙤 𝙛𝙞𝙢 𝙙𝙤𝙨 𝙧𝙚𝙘𝙪𝙧𝙨𝙤𝙨 𝙣𝙖𝙩𝙪𝙧𝙖𝙞𝙨 𝙙𝙤 𝙥𝙡𝙖𝙣𝙚𝙩𝙖 𝙏𝙚𝙧𝙧𝙖. 𝘼 𝙖𝙜𝙚̂𝙣𝙘𝙞𝙖 𝙍𝙤𝙨𝙘𝙤𝙨𝙢𝙤𝙨, 𝙨𝙪𝙘𝙚𝙨𝙨𝙤𝙧𝙖 𝙧𝙪𝙨𝙨𝙖 𝙙𝙖 𝙚𝙭𝙥𝙡𝙤𝙧𝙖𝙘̧𝙖̃𝙤 𝙚𝙨𝙥𝙖𝙘𝙞𝙖𝙡 𝙨𝙤𝙫𝙞𝙚́𝙩𝙞𝙘𝙖, 𝙖𝙣𝙪𝙣𝙘𝙞𝙤𝙪 𝙧𝙚𝙘𝙚𝙣𝙩𝙚𝙢𝙚𝙣𝙩𝙚 𝙤 𝙡𝙖𝙣𝙘̧𝙖𝙢𝙚𝙣𝙩𝙤 𝙙𝙚 𝙪𝙢𝙖 𝙢𝙞𝙨𝙨𝙖̃𝙤 𝙖 𝙑𝙚́𝙣𝙪𝙨, 𝙘𝙝𝙚𝙜𝙖𝙣𝙙𝙤 𝙖 𝙙𝙚𝙘𝙡𝙖𝙧𝙖𝙧 𝙤 𝙥𝙡𝙖𝙣𝙚𝙩𝙖 𝙘𝙤𝙢𝙤 “𝙧𝙪𝙨𝙨𝙤” (𝙡𝙞𝙣𝙠 𝙞𝙨 𝙚𝙭𝙩𝙚𝙧𝙣𝙖𝙡). 𝙋𝙤𝙧 𝙨𝙚𝙪 𝙡𝙖𝙙𝙤, 𝙖 𝙄́𝙣𝙙𝙞𝙖 𝙚𝙢𝙚𝙧𝙜𝙚 𝙘𝙤𝙢𝙤 𝙣𝙤𝙫𝙤 𝙚 𝙞𝙢𝙥𝙤𝙧𝙩𝙖𝙣𝙩𝙚 𝙖𝙩𝙤𝙧 (𝙡𝙞𝙣𝙠 𝙞𝙨 𝙚𝙭𝙩𝙚𝙧𝙣𝙖𝙡) 𝙣𝙚𝙨𝙩𝙖 𝙘𝙤𝙧𝙧𝙞𝙙𝙖. 𝘼 𝘾𝙉𝙎𝘼, 𝙖 𝙖𝙜𝙚̂𝙣𝙘𝙞𝙖 𝙘𝙝𝙞𝙣𝙚𝙨𝙖 𝙙𝙚 𝙚𝙭𝙥𝙡𝙤𝙧𝙖𝙘̧𝙖̃𝙤 𝙚𝙨𝙥𝙖𝙘𝙞𝙖𝙡, 𝙘𝙤𝙣𝙩𝙞𝙣𝙪𝙖 𝙖 𝙖𝙛𝙞𝙧𝙢𝙖𝙧 𝙖 𝘾𝙝𝙞𝙣𝙖 𝙘𝙤𝙢𝙤 𝙖 𝙣𝙤𝙫𝙖 𝙢𝙖𝙞𝙤𝙧 𝙥𝙤𝙩𝙚̂𝙣𝙘𝙞𝙖, 𝙘𝙤𝙢 𝙤 𝙚𝙣𝙫𝙞𝙤 𝙙𝙚 𝙪𝙢 𝙧𝙤𝙫𝙚𝙧 𝙥𝙖𝙧𝙖 𝙈𝙖𝙧𝙩𝙚 (𝙡𝙞𝙣𝙠 𝙞𝙨 𝙚𝙭𝙩𝙚𝙧𝙣𝙖𝙡), 𝙗𝙚𝙢 𝙘𝙤𝙢𝙤 𝙧𝙚𝙫𝙚𝙡𝙤𝙪 𝙥𝙡𝙖𝙣𝙤𝙨 𝙛𝙪𝙩𝙪𝙧𝙤𝙨 𝙥𝙖𝙧𝙖 𝙖 𝙇𝙪𝙖 (𝙡𝙞𝙣𝙠 𝙞𝙨 𝙚𝙭𝙩𝙚𝙧𝙣𝙖𝙡), 𝙞𝙣𝙘𝙡𝙪𝙞𝙣𝙙𝙤 𝙪𝙢𝙖 𝙗𝙖𝙨𝙚 𝙙𝙚 𝙞𝙣𝙫𝙚𝙨𝙩𝙞𝙜𝙖𝙘̧𝙖̃𝙤 𝙡𝙪𝙣𝙖𝙧. 𝘼 𝙐𝙣𝙞𝙖̃𝙤 𝙀𝙪𝙧𝙤𝙥𝙚𝙞𝙖, 𝙤𝙨 𝙀𝙨𝙩𝙖𝙙𝙤𝙨 𝙐𝙣𝙞𝙙𝙤𝙨 𝙚 𝙧𝙚𝙨𝙩𝙖𝙣𝙩𝙚𝙨 𝙥𝙖𝙞́𝙨𝙚𝙨 𝙖𝙡𝙞𝙣𝙝𝙖𝙙𝙤𝙨 𝙘𝙤𝙢 𝙤 𝙤𝙘𝙞𝙙𝙚𝙣𝙩𝙚 𝙩𝙚̂𝙢-𝙨𝙚 𝙛𝙤𝙘𝙖𝙙𝙤 𝙣𝙖 𝙡𝙪𝙖, 𝙖𝙩𝙧𝙖𝙫𝙚́𝙨 𝙙𝙤 𝙋𝙧𝙤𝙜𝙧𝙖𝙢𝙖 𝘼𝙧𝙩𝙚𝙢𝙞𝙨 (𝙡𝙞𝙣𝙠 𝙞𝙨 𝙚𝙭𝙩𝙚𝙧𝙣𝙖𝙡), 𝙩𝙚𝙣𝙙𝙤 𝙚𝙢 𝙫𝙞𝙨𝙩𝙖 𝙪𝙢𝙖 𝙣𝙤𝙫𝙖 𝙢𝙞𝙨𝙨𝙖̃𝙤 𝙚𝙢 𝟮𝟬𝟮𝟰. 

𝙀𝙨𝙩𝙖 𝙘𝙤𝙧𝙧𝙞𝙙𝙖 𝙖𝙤 𝙚𝙨𝙥𝙖𝙘̧𝙤 𝙚́ 𝙨𝙞𝙣𝙖𝙡 𝙙𝙚 𝙪𝙢𝙖 𝙣𝙤𝙫𝙖 𝙜𝙪𝙚𝙧𝙧𝙖 𝙥𝙤𝙧 𝙧𝙚𝙘𝙪𝙧𝙨𝙤𝙨, 𝙘𝙤𝙢 𝙙𝙞𝙫𝙚𝙧𝙨𝙖𝙨 𝙥𝙤𝙩𝙚̂𝙣𝙘𝙞𝙖𝙨 𝙖 𝙖𝙛𝙞𝙧𝙢𝙖𝙧𝙚𝙢-𝙨𝙚 𝙘𝙤𝙢𝙤 𝙙𝙤𝙢𝙞𝙣𝙖𝙣𝙩𝙚𝙨 𝙣𝙤 𝙥𝙖𝙣𝙤𝙧𝙖𝙢𝙖 𝙞𝙣𝙩𝙚𝙧𝙣𝙖𝙘𝙞𝙤𝙣𝙖𝙡 𝙙𝙖 𝙚𝙭𝙥𝙡𝙤𝙧𝙖𝙘̧𝙖̃𝙤 𝙚𝙨𝙥𝙖𝙘𝙞𝙖𝙡. 𝙉𝙤 𝙚𝙣𝙩𝙖𝙣𝙩𝙤, 𝙩𝙚̂𝙢 𝙨𝙪𝙧𝙜𝙞𝙙𝙤 𝙣𝙤𝙫𝙤𝙨 𝙖𝙩𝙤𝙧𝙚𝙨 - 𝙖𝙨 𝙚𝙢𝙥𝙧𝙚𝙨𝙖𝙨 𝙥𝙧𝙞𝙫𝙖𝙙𝙖𝙨. 

𝙉𝙤 𝙛𝙞𝙣𝙖𝙡 𝙙𝙤 𝙢𝙚̂𝙨 𝙙𝙚 𝙤𝙪𝙩𝙪𝙗𝙧𝙤 𝙙𝙚𝙨𝙩𝙚 𝙖𝙣𝙤, 𝙀𝙡𝙤𝙣 𝙈𝙪𝙨𝙠, 𝙤 𝙢𝙪𝙡𝙩𝙞𝙢𝙞𝙡𝙞𝙤𝙣𝙖́𝙧𝙞𝙤 𝙙𝙤𝙣𝙤 𝙙𝙖 𝙎𝙥𝙖𝙘𝙚𝙓 𝙚 𝙖𝙨𝙨𝙪𝙢𝙞𝙙𝙤 𝙖𝙥𝙤𝙞𝙖𝙣𝙩𝙚 𝙙𝙤 𝙂𝙤𝙡𝙥𝙚 𝙙𝙚 𝙀𝙨𝙩𝙖𝙙𝙤 𝙙𝙖 𝙙𝙞𝙧𝙚𝙞𝙩𝙖 𝙗𝙤𝙡𝙞𝙫𝙞𝙖𝙣𝙖 𝙦𝙪𝙚 𝙙𝙚𝙥𝙤̂𝙨 𝙀𝙫𝙤 𝙈𝙤𝙧𝙖𝙡𝙚𝙨 (𝙡𝙞𝙣𝙠 𝙞𝙨 𝙚𝙭𝙩𝙚𝙧𝙣𝙖𝙡), 𝙙𝙚𝙫𝙞𝙙𝙤 𝙖̀𝙨 𝙜𝙧𝙖𝙣𝙙𝙚𝙨 𝙧𝙚𝙨𝙚𝙧𝙫𝙖𝙨 𝙙𝙚 𝙡𝙞́𝙩𝙞𝙤 𝙙𝙚𝙨𝙩𝙚 𝙥𝙖𝙞́𝙨, 𝙖𝙛𝙞𝙧𝙢𝙤𝙪 𝙦𝙪𝙚 𝙪𝙢𝙖 𝙛𝙪𝙩𝙪𝙧𝙖 𝙘𝙤𝙡𝙤́𝙣𝙞𝙖 𝙙𝙖 𝙨𝙪𝙖 𝙚𝙢𝙥𝙧𝙚𝙨𝙖 𝙚𝙢 𝙈𝙖𝙧𝙩𝙚 𝙣𝙖̃𝙤 𝙨𝙚𝙜𝙪𝙞𝙧𝙞𝙖 𝙖𝙨 𝙡𝙚𝙞𝙨 𝙞𝙣𝙩𝙚𝙧𝙣𝙖𝙘𝙞𝙤𝙣𝙖𝙞𝙨 𝙙𝙤 𝙥𝙡𝙖𝙣𝙚𝙩𝙖 𝙏𝙚𝙧𝙧𝙖 (𝙡𝙞𝙣𝙠 𝙞𝙨 𝙚𝙭𝙩𝙚𝙧𝙣𝙖𝙡). 𝙈𝙖𝙨 𝙤 𝙦𝙪𝙚 𝙚́ 𝙦𝙪𝙚 𝙞𝙨𝙩𝙤 𝙨𝙞𝙜𝙣𝙞𝙛𝙞𝙘𝙖? 

𝙋𝙖𝙧𝙖 𝙢𝙚𝙡𝙝𝙤𝙧 𝙘𝙤𝙢𝙥𝙧𝙚𝙚𝙣𝙨𝙖̃𝙤, 𝙚́ 𝙣𝙚𝙘𝙚𝙨𝙨𝙖́𝙧𝙞𝙤 𝙧𝙚𝙩𝙧𝙤𝙘𝙚𝙙𝙚𝙧 𝙪𝙢 𝙥𝙤𝙪𝙘𝙤. 𝙀𝙢 𝙖𝙗𝙧𝙞𝙡 𝙙𝙚𝙨𝙩𝙚 𝙖𝙣𝙤 𝙛𝙤𝙞 𝙖𝙣𝙪𝙣𝙘𝙞𝙖𝙙𝙤 𝙥𝙚𝙡𝙖 𝙉𝘼𝙎𝘼 (𝙡𝙞𝙣𝙠 𝙞𝙨 𝙚𝙭𝙩𝙚𝙧𝙣𝙖𝙡) (𝙉𝙖𝙩𝙞𝙤𝙣𝙖𝙡 𝘼𝙚𝙧𝙤𝙣𝙖𝙪𝙩𝙞𝙘𝙨 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙎𝙥𝙖𝙘𝙚 𝘼𝙙𝙢𝙞𝙣𝙞𝙨𝙩𝙧𝙖𝙩𝙞𝙤𝙣), 𝙖 𝙖𝙜𝙚̂𝙣𝙘𝙞𝙖 𝙛𝙚𝙙𝙚𝙧𝙖𝙡 𝙣𝙤𝙧𝙩𝙚-𝙖𝙢𝙚𝙧𝙞𝙘𝙖𝙣𝙖 𝙧𝙚𝙨𝙥𝙤𝙣𝙨𝙖́𝙫𝙚𝙡 𝙥𝙚𝙡𝙖 𝙚𝙭𝙥𝙡𝙤𝙧𝙖𝙘̧𝙖̃𝙤 𝙚𝙨𝙥𝙖𝙘𝙞𝙖𝙡, 𝙦𝙪𝙚 𝙖 𝘽𝙡𝙪𝙚 𝙊𝙧𝙞𝙜𝙞𝙣, 𝙖 𝙎𝙥𝙖𝙘𝙚𝙓 𝙚 𝙖 𝘿𝙮𝙣𝙚𝙩𝙞𝙘𝙨, 𝙜𝙖𝙣𝙝𝙖𝙧𝙖𝙢 𝙘𝙤𝙣𝙩𝙧𝙖𝙩𝙤𝙨 𝙥𝙖𝙧𝙖 𝙤 𝙩𝙧𝙖𝙣𝙨𝙥𝙤𝙧𝙩𝙚 𝙙𝙚 𝙖𝙨𝙩𝙧𝙤𝙣𝙖𝙪𝙩𝙖𝙨 𝙣𝙪𝙢𝙖 𝙣𝙤𝙫𝙖 𝙢𝙞𝙨𝙨𝙖̃𝙤 𝙡𝙪𝙣𝙖𝙧, 𝙥𝙧𝙚𝙫𝙞𝙨𝙩𝙖 𝙥𝙖𝙧𝙖 𝟮𝟬𝟮𝟰. 𝙉𝙤𝙩𝙚-𝙨𝙚 𝙦𝙪𝙚 𝙖𝙨 𝙙𝙪𝙖𝙨 𝙥𝙧𝙞𝙢𝙚𝙞𝙧𝙖𝙨 𝙚𝙢𝙥𝙧𝙚𝙨𝙖𝙨 𝙩𝙚̂𝙢 𝙘𝙤𝙢𝙤 𝙙𝙤𝙣𝙤𝙨 𝙙𝙤𝙞𝙨 𝙢𝙪𝙡𝙩𝙞𝙢𝙞𝙡𝙞𝙤𝙣𝙖́𝙧𝙞𝙤𝙨, 𝙅𝙚𝙛𝙛 𝘽𝙚𝙯𝙤𝙨 𝙚 𝙀𝙡𝙤𝙣 𝙈𝙪𝙨𝙠, 𝙧𝙚𝙨𝙥𝙚𝙩𝙞𝙫𝙖𝙢𝙚𝙣𝙩𝙚. 𝙊 𝙥𝙧𝙞𝙢𝙚𝙞𝙧𝙤 𝙚́ 𝙤 𝙝𝙤𝙢𝙚𝙢 𝙢𝙖𝙞𝙨 𝙧𝙞𝙘𝙤 𝙙𝙤 𝙢𝙪𝙣𝙙𝙤, 𝙙𝙤𝙣𝙤 𝙙𝙖 𝘼𝙢𝙖𝙯𝙤𝙣, 𝙚𝙢𝙥𝙧𝙚𝙨𝙖 𝙢𝙪𝙣𝙙𝙞𝙖𝙡𝙢𝙚𝙣𝙩𝙚 𝙘𝙤𝙣𝙝𝙚𝙘𝙞𝙙𝙖 𝙥𝙤𝙧 𝙪𝙢𝙖 𝙥𝙤𝙡𝙞́𝙩𝙞𝙘𝙖 𝙙𝙚 𝙖𝙩𝙖𝙦𝙪𝙚 𝙖𝙤𝙨 𝙙𝙞𝙧𝙚𝙞𝙩𝙤𝙨 𝙙𝙤𝙨 𝙩𝙧𝙖𝙗𝙖𝙡𝙝𝙖𝙙𝙤𝙧𝙚𝙨. 𝙊 𝙨𝙚𝙜𝙪𝙣𝙙𝙤, 𝙙𝙤𝙣𝙤 𝙙𝙖 𝙎𝙥𝙖𝙘𝙚𝙓 𝙖𝙘𝙞𝙢𝙖 𝙖𝙥𝙧𝙚𝙨𝙚𝙣𝙩𝙖𝙙𝙤, 𝙘𝙝𝙚𝙜𝙤𝙪 𝙖𝙤 𝙥𝙤𝙣𝙩𝙤 𝙙𝙚 𝙖𝙥𝙚𝙡𝙞𝙙𝙖𝙧 𝙖𝙨 𝙢𝙚𝙙𝙞𝙙𝙖𝙨 𝙙𝙚 𝙨𝙖𝙪́𝙙𝙚 𝙥𝙪́𝙗𝙡𝙞𝙘𝙖 𝙣𝙤𝙧𝙩𝙚-𝙖𝙢𝙚𝙧𝙞𝙘𝙖𝙣𝙖𝙨 𝙙𝙚 “𝙛𝙖𝙨𝙘𝙞𝙨𝙩𝙖𝙨” (𝙡𝙞𝙣𝙠 𝙞𝙨 𝙚𝙭𝙩𝙚𝙧𝙣𝙖𝙡), 𝙥𝙤𝙧 𝙞𝙢𝙥𝙚𝙙𝙞𝙧 𝙦𝙪𝙚 𝙤𝙨 𝙩𝙧𝙖𝙗𝙖𝙡𝙝𝙖𝙙𝙤𝙧𝙚𝙨 𝙩𝙧𝙖𝙗𝙖𝙡𝙝𝙖𝙨𝙨𝙚𝙢 𝙚 𝙖𝙪𝙢𝙚𝙣𝙩𝙖𝙣𝙙𝙤 𝙖 𝙨𝙪𝙖 𝙧𝙞𝙦𝙪𝙚𝙯𝙖 (𝙡𝙞𝙣𝙠 𝙞𝙨 𝙚𝙭𝙩𝙚𝙧𝙣𝙖𝙡). 

𝘼𝙡𝙚́𝙢 𝙙𝙞𝙨𝙨𝙤, 𝙤𝙨 𝙥𝙤𝙨𝙨𝙞́𝙫𝙚𝙞𝙨 𝙘𝙚𝙣𝙖́𝙧𝙞𝙤𝙨 𝙥𝙤́𝙨-𝙚𝙡𝙚𝙞𝙘̧𝙤̃𝙚𝙨 𝙣𝙤𝙧𝙩𝙚-𝙖𝙢𝙚𝙧𝙞𝙘𝙖𝙣𝙖𝙨 𝙣𝙖̃𝙤 𝙨𝙖̃𝙤 𝙗𝙤𝙣𝙨 𝙚 𝙙𝙚𝙞𝙭𝙖𝙢 𝙩𝙪𝙙𝙤 𝙚𝙢 𝙖𝙗𝙚𝙧𝙩𝙤. 𝙀𝙣𝙦𝙪𝙖𝙣𝙩𝙤 𝘿𝙤𝙣𝙖𝙡𝙙 𝙏𝙧𝙪𝙢𝙥 𝙙𝙚𝙛𝙚𝙣𝙙𝙚 𝙤 𝙛𝙞𝙢 𝙙𝙤 𝙛𝙞𝙣𝙖𝙣𝙘𝙞𝙖𝙢𝙚𝙣𝙩𝙤 𝙙𝙞𝙧𝙚𝙩𝙤 𝙙𝙤𝙨 𝙀𝙐𝘼 𝙖̀ 𝙀𝙨𝙩𝙖𝙘̧𝙖̃𝙤 𝙀𝙨𝙥𝙖𝙘𝙞𝙖𝙡 𝙄𝙣𝙩𝙚𝙧𝙣𝙖𝙘𝙞𝙤𝙣𝙖𝙡 (𝙄𝙎𝙎), 𝙚𝙢 𝟮𝟬𝟮𝟱, 𝙩𝙧𝙖𝙣𝙨𝙛𝙚𝙧𝙞𝙣𝙙𝙤 𝙥𝙖𝙧𝙖 𝙖𝙨 𝙢𝙖̃𝙤𝙨 𝙙𝙚 𝙥𝙧𝙞𝙫𝙖𝙙𝙤𝙨 𝙖 𝙘𝙤𝙡𝙤𝙘𝙖𝙘̧𝙖̃𝙤 𝙙𝙚 𝙨𝙖𝙩𝙚́𝙡𝙞𝙩𝙚𝙨 𝙚𝙢 𝙤́𝙧𝙗𝙞𝙩𝙖, 𝙅𝙤𝙚 𝘽𝙞𝙙𝙚𝙣 𝙖𝙨𝙨𝙪𝙢𝙚 𝙪𝙢𝙖 𝙥𝙤𝙨𝙞𝙘̧𝙖̃𝙤 𝙢𝙖𝙞𝙨 𝙥𝙤𝙣𝙙𝙚𝙧𝙖𝙙𝙖, 𝙥𝙧𝙤𝙥𝙤𝙣𝙙𝙤 𝙪𝙢𝙖 𝙚𝙭𝙩𝙚𝙣𝙨𝙖̃𝙤 𝙙𝙤 𝙛𝙞𝙣𝙖𝙣𝙘𝙞𝙖𝙢𝙚𝙣𝙩𝙤 𝙙𝙖 𝙄𝙎𝙎, 𝙤 𝙦𝙪𝙚 𝙥𝙤𝙙𝙚𝙧𝙖́ 𝙖𝙙𝙞𝙖𝙧 𝙤 𝙡𝙖𝙣𝙘̧𝙖𝙢𝙚𝙣𝙩𝙤 𝙙𝙖 𝙢𝙞𝙨𝙨𝙖̃𝙤 𝙡𝙪𝙣𝙖𝙧 𝙥𝙧𝙚𝙫𝙞𝙨𝙩𝙖. 𝙐𝙢 𝙘𝙧𝙚𝙨𝙘𝙚𝙣𝙩𝙚 𝙖𝙪𝙢𝙚𝙣𝙩𝙤 𝙙𝙖 𝙞𝙣𝙛𝙡𝙪𝙚̂𝙣𝙘𝙞𝙖 𝙙𝙖𝙨 𝙚𝙢𝙥𝙧𝙚𝙨𝙖𝙨 𝙥𝙧𝙞𝙫𝙖𝙙𝙖𝙨 𝙣𝙖 𝙚𝙭𝙥𝙡𝙤𝙧𝙖𝙘̧𝙖̃𝙤 𝙚𝙨𝙥𝙖𝙘𝙞𝙖𝙡 𝙚́ 𝙥𝙧𝙚𝙫𝙞𝙨𝙞́𝙫𝙚𝙡. 

𝙀𝙨𝙩𝙚 𝙘𝙤𝙣𝙩𝙚𝙭𝙩𝙤 𝙨𝙪𝙨𝙘𝙞𝙩𝙖 𝙙𝙞𝙫𝙚𝙧𝙨𝙖𝙨 𝙦𝙪𝙚𝙨𝙩𝙤̃𝙚𝙨, 𝙢𝙖𝙨 𝙝𝙖́ 𝙪𝙢𝙖 𝙦𝙪𝙚 𝙨𝙤𝙗𝙧𝙚𝙨𝙨𝙖𝙞 - 𝙖𝙛𝙞𝙣𝙖𝙡, 𝙦𝙪𝙖𝙞𝙨 𝙨𝙖̃𝙤 𝙤𝙨 𝙡𝙞𝙢𝙞𝙩𝙚𝙨 𝙙𝙤 𝙣𝙚𝙤𝙡𝙞𝙗𝙚𝙧𝙖𝙡𝙞𝙨𝙢𝙤? 𝘼 𝙧𝙚𝙖𝙡𝙞𝙯𝙖𝙘̧𝙖̃𝙤 𝙙𝙚 𝙘𝙤𝙣𝙩𝙧𝙖𝙩𝙤𝙨 𝙥𝙪́𝙗𝙡𝙞𝙘𝙤𝙨, 𝙚𝙢 𝙦𝙪𝙚 𝙚𝙢𝙥𝙧𝙚𝙨𝙖𝙨 𝙘𝙤𝙢𝙤 𝙖𝙨 𝙙𝙚 𝘽𝙚𝙯𝙤𝙨 𝙤𝙪 𝙙𝙚 𝙈𝙪𝙨𝙠 𝙧𝙚𝙘𝙚𝙗𝙚𝙢 𝙛𝙞𝙣𝙖𝙣𝙘𝙞𝙖𝙢𝙚𝙣𝙩𝙤 (𝙥𝙪́𝙗𝙡𝙞𝙘𝙤) 𝙥𝙖𝙧𝙖 𝙤 𝙩𝙧𝙖𝙣𝙨𝙥𝙤𝙧𝙩𝙚 𝙚𝙨𝙥𝙖𝙘𝙞𝙖𝙡, 𝙖𝙗𝙧𝙚 𝙥𝙤𝙧𝙩𝙖𝙨 𝙥𝙖𝙧𝙖 𝙪𝙢𝙖 𝙥𝙧𝙞𝙫𝙖𝙩𝙞𝙯𝙖𝙘̧𝙖̃𝙤 𝙙𝙤 𝙚𝙨𝙥𝙖𝙘̧𝙤. 𝙉𝙪𝙢𝙖 𝙚𝙧𝙖 𝙘𝙤𝙢𝙤 𝙖 𝙦𝙪𝙚 𝙫𝙞𝙫𝙚𝙢𝙤𝙨, 𝙚𝙢 𝙦𝙪𝙚 𝙖 𝙢𝙪𝙙𝙖𝙣𝙘̧𝙖 𝙚 𝙖 𝙞𝙣𝙤𝙫𝙖𝙘̧𝙖̃𝙤 𝙩𝙚𝙘𝙣𝙤𝙡𝙤́𝙜𝙞𝙘𝙖 𝙤𝙘𝙤𝙧𝙧𝙚𝙢 𝙙𝙚 𝙛𝙤𝙧𝙢𝙖 𝙘𝙖𝙙𝙖 𝙫𝙚𝙯 𝙢𝙖𝙞𝙨 𝙖𝙘𝙚𝙡𝙚𝙧𝙖𝙙𝙖, 𝙤 𝙘𝙤𝙢𝙗𝙖𝙩𝙚 𝙖𝙤 𝙣𝙚𝙤𝙡𝙞𝙗𝙚𝙧𝙖𝙡𝙞𝙨𝙢𝙤 𝙥𝙧𝙚𝙙𝙖𝙩𝙤́𝙧𝙞𝙤 𝙚 𝙖𝙤 𝙞𝙢𝙥𝙚𝙧𝙞𝙖𝙡𝙞𝙨𝙢𝙤 𝙢𝙪𝙣𝙙𝙞𝙖𝙡 𝙩𝙚𝙢 𝙦𝙪𝙚 𝙨𝙚𝙧 𝙡𝙚𝙫𝙖𝙙𝙤 𝙖 𝙘𝙖𝙗𝙤 𝙚𝙢 𝙩𝙤𝙙𝙖𝙨 𝙖𝙨 𝙛𝙧𝙚𝙣𝙩𝙚𝙨. 𝙊𝙨 𝙖𝙫𝙖𝙣𝙘̧𝙤𝙨 𝙩𝙚𝙘𝙣𝙤𝙡𝙤́𝙜𝙞𝙘𝙤𝙨 𝙘𝙤𝙣𝙦𝙪𝙞𝙨𝙩𝙖𝙙𝙤𝙨 𝙩𝙚̂𝙢 𝙦𝙪𝙚 𝙨𝙚𝙧 𝙥𝙖𝙧𝙩𝙞𝙡𝙝𝙖𝙙𝙤𝙨, 𝙨𝙤𝙗 𝙥𝙚𝙣𝙖 𝙙𝙤 𝙨𝙞𝙨𝙩𝙚𝙢𝙖 𝙘𝙖𝙥𝙞𝙩𝙖𝙡𝙞𝙨𝙩𝙖 𝙪𝙡𝙩𝙧𝙖𝙥𝙖𝙨𝙨𝙖𝙧 𝙢𝙖𝙞𝙨 𝙪𝙢𝙖 𝙛𝙧𝙤𝙣𝙩𝙚𝙞𝙧𝙖, 𝙙𝙚𝙨𝙩𝙖 𝙫𝙚𝙯 𝙞𝙣𝙫𝙖𝙙𝙞𝙣𝙙𝙤 𝙤 𝙚𝙨𝙥𝙖𝙘̧𝙤. 

* Estudante de Sociologia na Universidade do Minho

IN "ESQUERDA" -10/11/20

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