LUÍS MIRA AMARAL

 .

União Europeia,

Mercosul e Índia

Os acordos de comércio livre da UE com a Índia e o Mercosul têm condições assimétricas e de concorrência desleal para os produtores europeus.

𝑨 𝑼𝒏𝒊𝒂̃𝒐 𝑬𝒖𝒓𝒐𝒑𝒆𝒊𝒂 (𝑼𝑬), 𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒐 𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒑𝒐𝒔𝒕𝒂 𝒂𝒐 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒊𝒔𝒎𝒐 𝒂𝒎𝒆𝒓𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒏𝒐, 𝒆𝒔𝒕𝒂́ 𝒂 𝒅𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒎𝒊𝒛𝒂𝒓 𝒖𝒎𝒂 𝒔𝒆́𝒓𝒊𝒆 𝒅𝒆 𝒂𝒄𝒐𝒓𝒅𝒐𝒔 𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒓𝒄𝒊𝒂𝒊𝒔 𝒄𝒐𝒎 𝒐𝒖𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒔 𝒈𝒆𝒐𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒇𝒊𝒂𝒔. 𝑶𝒔 𝑬𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒅𝒐𝒔-𝒎𝒆𝒎𝒃𝒓𝒐𝒔 𝒅𝒂 𝑼𝑬 𝒂𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒗𝒂𝒓𝒂𝒎 𝒏𝒐 𝒊𝒏𝜾́𝒄𝒊𝒐 𝒅𝒆𝒔𝒕𝒆 𝒂𝒏𝒐 𝒐 𝒂𝒄𝒐𝒓𝒅𝒐 𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒓𝒄𝒊𝒂𝒍 𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒓𝒆 𝒂 𝑼𝒏𝒊𝒂̃𝒐 𝒆 𝒐 𝑴𝒆𝒓𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒖𝒍, 𝒎𝒆𝒓𝒄𝒂𝒅𝒐 𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒖𝒎 𝒅𝒂 𝑨𝒎𝒆́𝒓𝒊𝒄𝒂 𝑳𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒏𝒂 𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒅𝒐 𝒑𝒆𝒍𝒐 𝑩𝒓𝒂𝒔𝒊𝒍, 𝑨𝒓𝒈𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒊𝒏𝒂, 𝑼𝒓𝒖𝒈𝒖𝒂𝒊 𝒆 𝑷𝒂𝒓𝒂𝒈𝒖𝒂𝒊, 𝒂𝒑𝒆𝒔𝒂𝒓 𝒅𝒂 𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒕𝒆 𝒐𝒑𝒐𝒔𝒊𝒄̧𝒂̃𝒐 𝒅𝒐𝒔 𝒂𝒈𝒓𝒊𝒄𝒖𝒍𝒕𝒐𝒓𝒆𝒔 𝒆 𝒅𝒆 𝒆𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒅𝒐𝒔 𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒐 𝒂 𝑭𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒄̧𝒂 𝒆 𝒂 𝑷𝒐𝒍𝒐́𝒏𝒊𝒂.

𝑻𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒎𝒐𝒔 𝒖𝒎 𝒎𝒆𝒓𝒄𝒂𝒅𝒐 𝒅𝒆 𝟕𝟎𝟎 𝒎𝒊𝒍𝒉𝒐̃𝒆𝒔 𝒅𝒆 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒖𝒎𝒊𝒅𝒐𝒓𝒆𝒔 𝒆 𝒖𝒎 𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒆́𝒓𝒄𝒊𝒐 𝒆𝒔𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒂𝒅𝒐 𝒆𝒎 𝒄𝒆𝒓𝒄𝒂 𝒅𝒆 𝟐𝟖 𝒎𝒊𝒍 𝒎𝒊𝒍𝒉𝒐̃𝒆𝒔 𝒅𝒆 𝒆𝒖𝒓𝒐𝒔.

𝑯𝒂́ 𝟐𝟔 𝒂𝒏𝒐𝒔, 𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒐 𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒄̧𝒂𝒓𝒂𝒎 𝒆𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒔 𝒏𝒆𝒈𝒐𝒄𝒊𝒂𝒄̧𝒐̃𝒆𝒔, 𝒄𝒓𝒊𝒐𝒖-𝒔𝒆 𝒐 𝑴𝒆𝒓𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒖𝒓 𝑬𝒖𝒓𝒐𝒑𝒆𝒂𝒏 𝑼𝒏𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝑩𝒖𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒆𝒔𝒔 𝑭𝒐𝒓𝒖𝒎, 𝒄𝒐𝒎 𝒆𝒎𝒑𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒂́𝒓𝒊𝒐𝒔 𝒆𝒖𝒓𝒐𝒑𝒆𝒖𝒔 𝒆 𝒍𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒏𝒐-𝒂𝒎𝒆𝒓𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒏𝒐𝒔. 𝑭𝒖𝒊 𝒐 𝒑𝒓𝒊𝒎𝒆𝒊𝒓𝒐 𝑪𝒉𝒂𝒊𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒏 𝒅𝒆𝒔𝒕𝒆 𝒇𝒐́𝒓𝒖𝒎 𝒑𝒆𝒍𝒐 𝒍𝒂𝒅𝒐 𝒆𝒖𝒓𝒐𝒑𝒆𝒖, 𝒆𝒎 𝒓𝒆𝒑𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒂𝒄̧𝒂̃𝒐 𝒅𝒂 𝑨𝑰𝑷, 𝒆 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒉𝒆𝒄̧𝒐 𝒃𝒆𝒎 𝒂𝒔 𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒆̂𝒏𝒄𝒊𝒂𝒔 𝒅𝒐𝒔 𝒂𝒈𝒓𝒊𝒄𝒖𝒍𝒕𝒐𝒓𝒆𝒔 𝒆𝒖𝒓𝒐𝒑𝒆𝒖𝒔 𝒑𝒓𝒆𝒐𝒄𝒖𝒑𝒂𝒅𝒐𝒔 𝒄𝒐𝒎 𝒐 𝑩𝒓𝒂𝒔𝒊𝒍 𝒆 𝒂 𝑨𝒓𝒈𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒊𝒏𝒂, 𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒆𝒔 𝒑𝒐𝒕𝒆̂𝒏𝒄𝒊𝒂𝒔 𝒂𝒈𝒓𝜾́𝒄𝒐𝒍𝒂𝒔 𝒆 𝒂𝒈𝒓𝒐𝒊𝒏𝒅𝒖𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒂𝒊𝒔.

𝑷𝒐𝒓𝒕𝒖𝒈𝒂𝒍 𝒆𝒙𝒑𝒐𝒓𝒕𝒂𝒗𝒂 , 𝒆𝒎 𝟐𝟎𝟐𝟒, 𝟏𝟐𝟐𝟕 𝒎𝒊𝒍𝒉𝒐̃𝒆𝒔 𝒅𝒆 𝒆𝒖𝒓𝒐𝒔, 𝒄𝒆𝒓𝒄𝒂 𝒅𝒆 𝟏,𝟒% 𝒅𝒂𝒔 𝒏𝒐𝒔𝒔𝒂𝒔 𝒆𝒙𝒑𝒐𝒓𝒕𝒂𝒄̧𝒐̃𝒆𝒔, 𝒆 𝒑𝒆𝒏𝒔𝒂-𝒔𝒆 𝒒𝒖𝒆 𝒐𝒔 𝒗𝒊𝒏𝒉𝒐𝒔, 𝒂𝒛𝒆𝒊𝒕𝒆 𝒆 𝒒𝒖𝒆𝒊𝒋𝒐𝒔 𝒔𝒆𝒓𝒂̃𝒐 𝒅𝒐𝒔 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒅𝒖𝒕𝒐𝒔 𝒑𝒐𝒓𝒕𝒖𝒈𝒖𝒆𝒔𝒆𝒔 𝒎𝒂𝒊𝒔 𝒃𝒆𝒏𝒆𝒇𝒊𝒄𝒊𝒂𝒅𝒐𝒔, 𝒅𝒆𝒔𝒊𝒈𝒏𝒂𝒅𝒂𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒆 𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒂 𝒐 𝒎𝒆𝒓𝒄𝒂𝒅𝒐 𝒃𝒓𝒂𝒔𝒊𝒍𝒆𝒊𝒓𝒐.

𝑨 𝒔𝒆𝒈𝒖𝒊𝒓, 𝒂 𝑼𝒏𝒊𝒂̃𝒐, 𝒂𝒑𝒐́𝒔 𝟏𝟖 𝒂𝒏𝒐𝒔 𝒅𝒆 𝒏𝒆𝒈𝒐𝒄𝒊𝒂𝒄̧𝒐̃𝒆𝒔, 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒄𝒍𝒖𝒊𝒖 𝒄𝒐𝒎 𝒂 ⵊ́𝒏𝒅𝒊𝒂 𝒖𝒎 𝒏𝒐𝒗𝒐 𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒂𝒅𝒐 𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒓𝒄𝒊𝒂𝒍, 𝒄𝒓𝒊𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒐 𝒖𝒎𝒂 𝒛𝒐𝒏𝒂 𝒅𝒆 𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒆́𝒓𝒄𝒊𝒐 𝒍𝒊𝒗𝒓𝒆 𝒅𝒆 𝒅𝒐𝒊𝒔 𝒎𝒊𝒍 𝒎𝒊𝒍𝒉𝒐̃𝒆𝒔 𝒅𝒆 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒖𝒎𝒊𝒅𝒐𝒓𝒆𝒔, 𝒓𝒆𝒅𝒖𝒛𝒊𝒏𝒅𝒐 𝒐𝒖 𝒆𝒍𝒊𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒐 𝒃𝒂𝒓𝒓𝒆𝒊𝒓𝒂𝒔 𝒔𝒐𝒃𝒓𝒆 𝟗𝟔% 𝒅𝒐𝒔 𝒃𝒆𝒏𝒔 𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒓𝒄𝒊𝒂𝒍𝒊𝒛𝒂𝒅𝒐𝒔 𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒓𝒆 𝒂 𝑼𝑬 𝒆 𝒂 ⵊ́𝒏𝒅𝒊𝒂. 𝑷𝒆𝒏𝒔𝒂-𝒔𝒆 𝒒𝒖𝒆 𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒑𝒐𝒔𝒔𝒂 𝒊𝒎𝒑𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒂𝒓 𝒐𝒔 𝒇𝒍𝒖𝒙𝒐𝒔 𝒅𝒆 𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒆́𝒓𝒄𝒊𝒐, 𝒂𝒔 𝒄𝒂𝒅𝒆𝒊𝒂𝒔 𝒅𝒆 𝒗𝒂𝒍𝒐𝒓 𝒆 𝒂𝒔 𝒄𝒂𝒅𝒆𝒊𝒂𝒔 𝒅𝒆 𝒂𝒃𝒂𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒊𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒐 𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒓𝒆 𝒆𝒎𝒑𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒂𝒔 𝒆 𝒐𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒅𝒐𝒓𝒆𝒔 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝜾́𝒔𝒕𝒊𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒆𝒖𝒓𝒐𝒑𝒆𝒖𝒔 𝒆 𝒊𝒏𝒅𝒊𝒂𝒏𝒐𝒔.

𝑨𝒔 𝒆𝒙𝒑𝒐𝒓𝒕𝒂𝒄̧𝒐̃𝒆𝒔 𝒑𝒐𝒓𝒕𝒖𝒈𝒖𝒆𝒔𝒂𝒔 𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒂 𝒂 ⵊ́𝒏𝒅𝒊𝒂 𝒔𝒂̃𝒐 𝒂𝒑𝒆𝒏𝒂𝒔 𝟏𝟕𝟗 𝒎𝒊𝒍𝒉𝒐̃𝒆𝒔 𝒅𝒆 𝒆𝒖𝒓𝒐𝒔, 𝒄𝒆𝒓𝒄𝒂 𝒅𝒆 𝟎,𝟐% 𝒅𝒐 𝒕𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒅𝒂𝒔 𝒏𝒐𝒔𝒔𝒂𝒔 𝒆𝒙𝒑𝒐𝒓𝒕𝒂𝒄̧𝒐̃𝒆𝒔. 𝑵𝒆𝒔𝒕𝒆 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒙𝒕𝒐, 𝒑𝒆𝒏𝒔𝒂-𝒔𝒆 𝒒𝒖𝒆 𝒐 𝒎𝒂𝒊𝒔 𝒊𝒎𝒑𝒐𝒓𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒆 𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒂 𝑷𝒐𝒓𝒕𝒖𝒈𝒂𝒍 𝒔𝒆𝒓𝒂́ 𝒂 𝒄𝒂𝒑𝒂𝒄𝒊𝒅𝒂𝒅𝒆 𝒅𝒆 𝒂𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒊𝒓 𝒊𝒏𝒗𝒆𝒔𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒐 𝒊𝒏𝒅𝒊𝒂𝒏𝒐 𝒆𝒎 𝒔𝒆𝒕𝒐𝒓𝒆𝒔 𝒆𝒎 𝒒𝒖𝒆 𝒔𝒂̃𝒐 𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒕𝒆𝒔, 𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒐 𝒂𝒔 𝑻𝑰 𝒆 𝒂 𝒊𝒏𝒅𝒖́𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒂 𝒇𝒂𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒄𝒆̂𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒄𝒂.

𝑴𝒂𝒔, 𝒏𝒆𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒔 𝒂𝒄𝒐𝒓𝒅𝒐𝒔, 𝒂 𝑼𝒏𝒊𝒂̃𝒐 𝒅𝒆𝒊𝒙𝒐𝒖 𝒄𝒂𝒊𝒓 𝒐 𝑪𝑩𝑨𝑴 – 𝑪𝒂𝒓𝒃𝒐𝒏 𝑩𝒐𝒓𝒅𝒆𝒓 𝑨𝒅𝒋𝒖𝒔𝒕𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝑴𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒂𝒏𝒊𝒔𝒎, 𝒅𝒆𝒔𝒆𝒏𝒉𝒂𝒅𝒐 𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒂 𝒑𝒐̂𝒓 𝒖𝒎𝒂 𝒕𝒂𝒙𝒂 𝒅𝒆 𝒄𝒂𝒓𝒃𝒐𝒏𝒐 𝒏𝒐𝒔 𝒃𝒆𝒏𝒔 𝒊𝒎𝒑𝒐𝒓𝒕𝒂𝒅𝒐𝒔 𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒏𝒔𝒊𝒗𝒐𝒔 𝒆𝒎 𝒄𝒂𝒓𝒃𝒐𝒏𝒐 𝒅𝒆 𝒆𝒔𝒑𝒂𝒄̧𝒐𝒔 𝒒𝒖𝒆 𝒏𝒂̃𝒐 𝒕𝒆̂𝒎 𝒂 𝒕𝒂𝒙𝒂 𝒅𝒆 𝒄𝒂𝒓𝒃𝒐𝒏𝒐, 𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒐 𝒂𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒆 𝒏𝒐 𝑴𝒆𝒓𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒖𝒍 𝒆 ⵊ́𝒏𝒅𝒊𝒂, 𝒒𝒖𝒆 𝒂 𝑼𝑬 𝒊𝒎𝒑𝒐̃𝒆 𝒂𝒐𝒔 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒅𝒖𝒕𝒐𝒓𝒆𝒔 𝒆𝒖𝒓𝒐𝒑𝒆𝒖𝒔, 𝒅𝒆 𝒂𝒄𝒐𝒓𝒅𝒐 𝒄𝒐𝒎 𝒐 𝑬𝑼 𝑬𝒎𝒊𝒔𝒔𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒔 𝑻𝒓𝒂𝒅𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝑺𝒚𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒎 (𝑬𝑻𝑺).

𝑨𝒔𝒔𝒊𝒎 𝒂 𝑼𝑬, 𝒂𝒐 𝒇𝒂𝒛𝒆𝒓 𝒂𝒄𝒐𝒓𝒅𝒐𝒔 𝒅𝒆 𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒆́𝒓𝒄𝒊𝒐 𝒍𝒊𝒗𝒓𝒆 𝒄𝒐𝒎 𝒆𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒔 𝒃𝒍𝒐𝒄𝒐𝒔, 𝒆𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒃𝒆𝒍𝒆𝒄𝒆 𝒄𝒐𝒎 𝒂 𝒔𝒖𝒂 𝒇𝒖𝒏𝒅𝒂𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒂𝒍𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒂 𝒑𝒐𝒍𝜾́𝒕𝒊𝒄𝒂 𝒄𝒍𝒊𝒎𝒂́𝒕𝒊𝒄𝒂 (𝒂𝒑𝒆𝒏𝒂𝒔 𝒆𝒎𝒊𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒐𝒔 𝟔% 𝒅𝒐 𝑪𝑶𝟐 𝒎𝒖𝒏𝒅𝒊𝒂𝒍) 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒅𝒊𝒄̧𝒐̃𝒆𝒔 𝒂𝒔𝒔𝒊𝒎𝒆́𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒔 𝒆 𝒅𝒆 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒄𝒐𝒓𝒓𝒆̂𝒏𝒄𝒊𝒂 𝒅𝒆𝒔𝒍𝒆𝒂𝒍 𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒂 𝒐𝒔 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒅𝒖𝒕𝒐𝒓𝒆𝒔 𝒆𝒖𝒓𝒐𝒑𝒆𝒖𝒔.ᐟ

* Engenheiro e economista

IN "O JORNAL ECONÓMICO" - 06/03/26 .