TIAGO DOMINGOS

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APRENDER NÃO É DIFÍCIL...

As árvores são um pulmão da

     Terra? Não!… mas são muito

       importantes por outras razões

Todo o oxigénio que existe na atmosfera devido à fotossíntese das árvores actualmente existentes tem uma quantidade corresponde de carbono nessas mesmas árvores.

𝖤́ 𝖼𝗈𝗋𝗋𝖾𝗇𝗍𝖾 𝗈𝗎𝗏𝗂𝗋𝗆𝗈𝗌 𝖿𝖺𝗅𝖺𝗋 𝖽𝖺𝗌 𝖺́𝗋𝗏𝗈𝗋𝖾𝗌 𝖼𝗈𝗆𝗈 𝗎𝗆 𝗉𝗎𝗅𝗆𝖺̃𝗈 𝗊𝗎𝖾 𝗇𝗈𝗌 𝖿𝗈𝗋𝗇𝖾𝖼𝖾 𝗈𝗑𝗂𝗀𝖾́𝗇𝗂𝗈 𝗉𝖺𝗋𝖺 𝗋𝖾𝗌𝗉𝗂𝗋𝖺𝗋𝗆𝗈𝗌, 𝗇𝗈𝗌 𝗅𝗂𝗏𝗋𝗈𝗌 𝖾𝗌𝖼𝗈𝗅𝖺𝗋𝖾𝗌, 𝗇𝗈𝗌 𝗆𝖾𝗂𝗈𝗌 𝖽𝖾 𝖼𝗈𝗆𝗎𝗇𝗂𝖼𝖺𝖼̧𝖺̃𝗈 𝗌𝗈𝖼𝗂𝖺𝗅, 𝖾𝗆 𝖽𝗂𝗏𝗎𝗅𝗀𝖺𝖼̧𝖺̃𝗈 𝖽𝖾 𝗈𝗋𝗀𝖺𝗇𝗂𝗓𝖺𝖼̧𝗈̃𝖾𝗌 𝖺𝗆𝖻𝗂𝖾𝗇𝗍𝖺𝗅𝗂𝗌𝗍𝖺𝗌, 𝖾𝗆 𝖽𝖾𝖼𝗅𝖺𝗋𝖺𝖼̧𝗈̃𝖾𝗌 𝖽𝖾 𝗋𝖾𝗌𝗉𝗈𝗇𝗌𝖺́𝗏𝖾𝗂𝗌 𝗉𝗈𝗅𝗂́𝗍𝗂𝖼𝗈𝗌 𝖼𝗈𝗆𝗈 𝗈 𝖯𝗋𝖾𝗌𝗂𝖽𝖾𝗇𝗍𝖾 𝖤𝗆𝖺𝗇𝗎𝖾𝗅 𝖬𝖺𝖼𝗋𝗈𝗇 … 𝖾 𝖺𝗍𝖾́ 𝗇𝖺 𝖼𝗈𝗆𝗎𝗇𝗂𝖼𝖺𝖼̧𝖺̃𝗈 𝖽𝖺𝗌 𝖾𝗆𝗉𝗋𝖾𝗌𝖺𝗌 𝗉𝗋𝗈𝖽𝗎𝗍𝗈𝗋𝖾𝗌 𝖽𝖾 𝖾𝗎𝖼𝖺𝗅𝗂𝗉𝗍𝗈.

𝖤́ 𝗇𝖺𝗍𝗎𝗋𝖺𝗅𝗆𝖾𝗇𝗍𝖾 𝗎𝗆𝖺 𝗂𝖽𝖾𝗂𝖺 𝗊𝗎𝖾 𝗉𝖺𝗋𝗍𝖾 𝖽𝖾 𝖼𝗈𝗇𝖼𝖾𝗂𝗍𝗈𝗌 𝖼𝖾𝗋𝗍𝗈𝗌: 𝗉𝗈𝗋 𝗎𝗆 𝗅𝖺𝖽𝗈, 𝗇𝗈́𝗌 𝗉𝗋𝖾𝖼𝗂𝗌𝖺𝗆𝗈𝗌 𝖽𝖾 𝗈𝗑𝗂𝗀𝖾́𝗇𝗂𝗈 𝗉𝖺𝗋𝖺 𝗋𝖾𝗌𝗉𝗂𝗋𝖺𝗋, 𝗉𝗈𝗋 𝗈𝗎𝗍𝗋𝗈 𝗅𝖺𝖽𝗈, 𝖺𝗌 𝖺́𝗋𝗏𝗈𝗋𝖾𝗌, 𝗇𝗈 𝗉𝗋𝗈𝖼𝖾𝗌𝗌𝗈 𝖽𝖺 𝖿𝗈𝗍𝗈𝗌𝗌𝗂́𝗇𝗍𝖾𝗌𝖾, 𝗉𝗋𝗈𝖽𝗎𝗓𝖾𝗆 𝗈𝗑𝗂𝗀𝖾́𝗇𝗂𝗈. 𝖠 𝗎𝗆𝖺 𝖾𝗌𝖼𝖺𝗅𝖺 𝗆𝗎𝗂𝗍𝗈 𝗆𝖺𝗂𝗈𝗋, 𝗉𝖺𝗋𝗍𝖾 𝗍𝖺𝗆𝖻𝖾́𝗆 𝖽𝖾 𝗎𝗆𝖺 𝗂𝖽𝖾𝗂𝖺 𝖼𝗈𝗋𝗋𝖾𝖼𝗍𝖺: 𝗈𝗋𝗂𝗀𝗂𝗇𝖺𝗅𝗆𝖾𝗇𝗍𝖾, 𝗊𝗎𝖺𝗇𝖽𝗈 𝗈 𝗉𝗅𝖺𝗇𝖾𝗍𝖺 𝖳𝖾𝗋𝗋𝖺 𝗌𝖾 𝖿𝗈𝗋𝗆𝗈𝗎, 𝗇𝖺̃𝗈 𝗁𝖺𝗏𝗂𝖺 𝗈𝗑𝗂𝗀𝖾́𝗇𝗂𝗈 𝗇𝖺 𝖺𝗍𝗆𝗈𝗌𝖿𝖾𝗋𝖺 𝖾 𝖿𝗈𝗂 𝗈 𝖺𝗉𝖺𝗋𝖾𝖼𝗂𝗆𝖾𝗇𝗍𝗈 𝖽𝖺 𝖿𝗈𝗍𝗈𝗌𝗌𝗂́𝗇𝗍𝖾𝗌𝖾 𝖿𝖾𝗂𝗍𝖺 𝗉𝗋𝗂𝗆𝖾𝗂𝗋𝗈 𝗉𝖾𝗅𝖺𝗌 𝖼𝗂𝖺𝗇𝗈𝖻𝖺𝖼𝗍𝖾́𝗋𝗂𝖺𝗌, 𝖾 𝖽𝖾𝗉𝗈𝗂𝗌 𝗉𝖾𝗅𝖺𝗌 𝖺𝗅𝗀𝖺𝗌 𝖾 𝗉𝖾𝗅𝖺𝗌 𝗉𝗅𝖺𝗇𝗍𝖺𝗌, 𝗊𝗎𝖾 𝗅𝖾𝗏𝗈𝗎 𝖺̀ 𝖼𝗋𝗂𝖺𝖼̧𝖺̃𝗈 𝖽𝖾 𝗎𝗆𝖺 𝖺𝗍𝗆𝗈𝗌𝖿𝖾𝗋𝖺 𝗋𝗂𝖼𝖺 𝖾𝗆 𝗈𝗑𝗂𝗀𝖾́𝗇𝗂𝗈.

𝖭𝗈 𝖾𝗇𝗍𝖺𝗇𝗍𝗈, 𝖾 𝗍𝖺𝗅𝗏𝖾𝗓 𝗌𝗎𝗋𝗉𝗋𝖾𝖾𝗇𝖽𝖾𝗆𝖾𝗇𝗍𝖾 𝗉𝖺𝗋𝖺 𝗆𝗎𝗂𝗍𝗈𝗌, 𝖾́ 𝖽𝖾 𝖿𝖺𝖼𝗍𝗈 𝗎𝗆𝖺 𝗂𝖽𝖾𝗂𝖺 𝖾𝗋𝗋𝖺𝖽𝖺: 𝗇𝖺̃𝗈 𝗉𝗋𝖾𝖼𝗂𝗌𝖺𝗆𝗈𝗌 𝖽𝖺𝗌 𝖺́𝗋𝗏𝗈𝗋𝖾𝗌 𝗉𝖺𝗋𝖺 𝗉𝗋𝗈𝖽𝗎𝗓𝗂𝗋 𝗈 𝗈𝗑𝗂𝗀𝖾́𝗇𝗂𝗈 𝗊𝗎𝖾 𝖼𝗈𝗇𝗌𝗎𝗆𝗂𝗆𝗈𝗌. 𝖵𝖾𝗃𝖺𝗆𝗈𝗌 𝗉𝗈𝗋𝗊𝗎𝖾̂.

𝖳𝖾𝗆𝗈𝗌 𝗊𝗎𝖾 𝖼𝗈𝗆𝖾𝖼̧𝖺𝗋 𝗉𝗈𝗋 𝗉𝖾𝗋𝖼𝖾𝖻𝖾𝗋 𝗊𝗎𝖾 𝗈 𝗈𝗑𝗂𝗀𝖾́𝗇𝗂𝗈 𝗇𝖺 𝖺𝗍𝗆𝗈𝗌𝖿𝖾𝗋𝖺 𝖿𝗎𝗇𝖼𝗂𝗈𝗇𝖺 𝗇𝗎𝗆 𝗉𝗋𝗈𝖼𝖾𝗌𝗌𝗈 𝗂𝗇𝗏𝖾𝗋𝗌𝗈 𝖺𝗈 𝖽𝗈 𝖽𝗂𝗈́𝗑𝗂𝖽𝗈 𝖽𝖾 𝖼𝖺𝗋𝖻𝗈𝗇𝗈. 𝖰𝗎𝖺𝗇𝖽𝗈 𝗊𝗎𝖾𝗂𝗆𝖺𝗆𝗈𝗌 𝖼𝗈𝗆𝖻𝗎𝗌𝗍𝗂́𝗏𝖾𝗂𝗌 𝖿𝗈́𝗌𝗌𝖾𝗂𝗌 𝗈𝗎 𝖿𝗅𝗈𝗋𝖾𝗌𝗍𝖺𝗌, 𝗈𝗎 𝗊𝗎𝖺𝗇𝖽𝗈 𝗈𝗌 𝗌𝖾𝗋𝖾𝗌 𝗏𝗂𝗏𝗈𝗌 𝗋𝖾𝗌𝗉𝗂𝗋𝖺𝗆, 𝖼𝗈𝗇𝗌𝗎𝗆𝗂𝗆𝗈𝗌 𝗈𝗑𝗂𝗀𝖾́𝗇𝗂𝗈, 𝖮𝟤, 𝖾 𝗅𝗂𝖻𝖾𝗋𝗍𝖺𝗆𝗈𝗌 𝖽𝗂𝗈́𝗑𝗂𝖽𝗈 𝖽𝖾 𝖼𝖺𝗋𝖻𝗈𝗇𝗈, 𝖢𝖮𝟤. 𝖰𝗎𝖺𝗇𝖽𝗈 𝖺𝗌 𝗉𝗅𝖺𝗇𝗍𝖺𝗌 𝖾 𝗈𝗎𝗍𝗋𝗈𝗌 𝗈𝗋𝗀𝖺𝗇𝗂𝗌𝗆𝗈𝗌 𝖿𝖺𝗓𝖾𝗆 𝖿𝗈𝗍𝗈𝗌𝗌𝗂́𝗇𝗍𝖾𝗌𝖾, 𝖼𝗈𝗇𝗌𝗈𝗆𝖾𝗆 𝖽𝗂𝗈́𝗑𝗂𝖽𝗈 𝖽𝖾 𝖼𝖺𝗋𝖻𝗈𝗇𝗈 𝖾 𝗅𝗂𝖻𝖾𝗋𝗍𝖺𝗆 𝗈𝗑𝗂𝗀𝖾́𝗇𝗂𝗈.

𝖠𝗌 𝖺́𝗋𝗏𝗈𝗋𝖾𝗌, 𝖺𝗅𝖾́𝗆 𝖽𝖾 𝖿𝖺𝗓𝖾𝗋𝖾𝗆 𝖿𝗈𝗍𝗈𝗌𝗌𝗂́𝗇𝗍𝖾𝗌𝖾, 𝗍𝖾̂𝗆 𝗊𝗎𝖾, 𝖼𝗈𝗆𝗈 𝗍𝗈𝖽𝗈𝗌 𝗈𝗌 𝗌𝖾𝗋𝖾𝗌 𝗏𝗂𝗏𝗈𝗌, 𝗋𝖾𝗌𝗉𝗂𝗋𝖺𝗋, 𝗉𝖺𝗋𝖺 𝗈𝖻𝗍𝖾𝗋 𝖾𝗇𝖾𝗋𝗀𝗂𝖺 𝗉𝖺𝗋𝖺 𝗍𝗈𝖽𝗈𝗌 𝗈𝗌 𝗌𝖾𝗎𝗌 𝗉𝗋𝗈𝖼𝖾𝗌𝗌𝗈𝗌 𝗆𝖾𝗍𝖺𝖻𝗈́𝗅𝗂𝖼𝗈𝗌. 𝖭𝗎𝗆𝖺 𝖺́𝗋𝗏𝗈𝗋𝖾 𝖾𝗆 𝖼𝗋𝖾𝗌𝖼𝗂𝗆𝖾𝗇𝗍𝗈, 𝗊𝗎𝖾 𝖾𝗌𝗍𝖺́ 𝖺 𝖺𝖼𝗎𝗆𝗎𝗅𝖺𝗋 𝖼𝖺𝗋𝖻𝗈𝗇𝗈 𝗇𝗈𝗌 𝗌𝖾𝗎𝗌 𝗍𝖾𝖼𝗂𝖽𝗈𝗌, 𝖺 𝖿𝗈𝗍𝗈𝗌𝗌𝗂́𝗇𝗍𝖾𝗌𝖾 𝗌𝗎𝗉𝖾𝗋𝖺 𝖺 𝗋𝖾𝗌𝗉𝗂𝗋𝖺𝖼̧𝖺̃𝗈 𝖾 𝗉𝗈𝗋𝗍𝖺𝗇𝗍𝗈, 𝖾𝗆 𝗌𝖺𝗅𝖽𝗈, 𝖺 𝖺́𝗋𝗏𝗈𝗋𝖾 𝗉𝗋𝗈𝖽𝗎𝗓 𝗈𝗑𝗂𝗀𝖾́𝗇𝗂𝗈. 𝖭𝗈 𝖾𝗇𝗍𝖺𝗇𝗍𝗈, 𝗇𝗎𝗆𝖺 𝖺́𝗋𝗏𝗈𝗋𝖾 𝗊𝗎𝖾 𝗍𝖾𝗇𝗁𝖺 𝖾𝗌𝗍𝖺𝖻𝗂𝗅𝗂𝗓𝖺𝖽𝗈 𝗈 𝗌𝖾𝗎 𝗍𝖺𝗆𝖺𝗇𝗁𝗈, 𝗈𝗌 𝖽𝗈𝗂𝗌 𝗉𝗋𝗈𝖼𝖾𝗌𝗌𝗈𝗌 𝖺𝗇𝗎𝗅𝖺𝗆-𝗌𝖾 𝖾 𝗇𝖺̃𝗈 𝗁𝖺́ 𝗉𝗋𝗈𝖽𝗎𝖼̧𝖺̃𝗈 𝖽𝖾 𝗈𝗑𝗂𝗀𝖾́𝗇𝗂𝗈.

𝖦𝗅𝗈𝖻𝖺𝗅𝗆𝖾𝗇𝗍𝖾, 𝖺 𝗊𝗎𝖺𝗇𝗍𝗂𝖽𝖺𝖽𝖾 𝖽𝖾 𝖼𝖺𝗋𝖻𝗈𝗇𝗈 𝗇𝖺𝗌 𝖺́𝗋𝗏𝗈𝗋𝖾𝗌 𝖾𝗌𝗍𝖺́ 𝖺 𝖺𝗎𝗆𝖾𝗇𝗍𝖺𝗋 𝖾, 𝗉𝗈𝗋𝗍𝖺𝗇𝗍𝗈, 𝖾𝗅𝖺𝗌 𝖾𝗌𝗍𝖺̃𝗈 𝖽𝖾 𝖿𝖺𝖼𝗍𝗈, 𝖼𝗈𝗆𝗈 𝗎𝗆 𝗍𝗈𝖽𝗈, 𝖺 𝗉𝗋𝗈𝖽𝗎𝗓𝗂𝗋 𝗈𝗑𝗂𝗀𝖾́𝗇𝗂𝗈. 𝖮 𝖼𝗈𝗋𝗋𝖾𝗌𝗉𝗈𝗇𝖽𝖾𝗇𝗍𝖾 𝖺𝗎𝗆𝖾𝗇𝗍𝗈 𝖽𝖾 𝖼𝖺𝗋𝖻𝗈𝗇𝗈 𝗇𝖺𝗌 𝖺́𝗋𝗏𝗈𝗋𝖾𝗌 (𝖾 𝗇𝖺 𝗏𝖾𝗀𝖾𝗍𝖺𝖼̧𝖺̃𝗈 𝖾𝗆 𝗀𝖾𝗋𝖺𝗅) 𝖾́ 𝗎𝗆𝖺 𝖼𝗈𝗆𝗉𝗈𝗇𝖾𝗇𝗍𝖾 𝗂𝗆𝗉𝗈𝗋𝗍𝖺𝗇𝗍𝖾, 𝖾𝗆𝖻𝗈𝗋𝖺 𝖼𝗅𝖺𝗋𝖺𝗆𝖾𝗇𝗍𝖾 𝗂𝗇𝗌𝗎𝖿𝗂𝖼𝗂𝖾𝗇𝗍𝖾, 𝗉𝖺𝗋𝖺 𝗋𝖾𝖽𝗎𝗓𝗂𝗋 𝖺 𝗏𝖾𝗅𝗈𝖼𝗂𝖽𝖺𝖽𝖾 𝖽𝗈 𝖺𝗎𝗆𝖾𝗇𝗍𝗈 𝖽𝗈 𝖼𝖺𝗋𝖻𝗈𝗇𝗈 𝗇𝖺 𝖺𝗍𝗆𝗈𝗌𝖿𝖾𝗋𝖺 𝖾 𝖺𝗌𝗌𝗂𝗆 𝗆𝗂𝗍𝗂𝗀𝖺𝗋 𝖺𝗌 𝖺𝗅𝗍𝖾𝗋𝖺𝖼̧𝗈̃𝖾𝗌 𝖼𝗅𝗂𝗆𝖺́𝗍𝗂𝖼𝖺𝗌.

𝖴𝗆𝖺 𝖼𝗈𝗂𝗌𝖺 𝖾́ 𝖺𝗌𝗌𝗂𝗆 𝖼𝗅𝖺𝗋𝖺: 𝗍𝗈𝖽𝗈 𝗈 𝗈𝗑𝗂𝗀𝖾́𝗇𝗂𝗈 𝗊𝗎𝖾 𝖾𝗑𝗂𝗌𝗍𝖾 𝗇𝖺 𝖺𝗍𝗆𝗈𝗌𝖿𝖾𝗋𝖺 𝖽𝖾𝗏𝗂𝖽𝗈 𝖺̀ 𝖿𝗈𝗍𝗈𝗌𝗌𝗂́𝗇𝗍𝖾𝗌𝖾 𝖽𝖺𝗌 𝖺́𝗋𝗏𝗈𝗋𝖾𝗌 𝖺𝖼𝗍𝗎𝖺𝗅𝗆𝖾𝗇𝗍𝖾 𝖾𝗑𝗂𝗌𝗍𝖾𝗇𝗍𝖾𝗌 𝗍𝖾𝗆 𝗎𝗆𝖺 𝗊𝗎𝖺𝗇𝗍𝗂𝖽𝖺𝖽𝖾 𝖼𝗈𝗋𝗋𝖾𝗌𝗉𝗈𝗇𝖽𝖾 𝖽𝖾 𝖼𝖺𝗋𝖻𝗈𝗇𝗈 𝗇𝖾𝗌𝗌𝖺𝗌 𝗆𝖾𝗌𝗆𝖺𝗌 𝖺́𝗋𝗏𝗈𝗋𝖾𝗌. 𝖯𝗈𝖽𝖾𝗆𝗈𝗌 𝖺𝗌𝗌𝗂𝗆 𝗊𝗎𝖾𝗌𝗍𝗂𝗈𝗇𝖺𝗋: 𝗌𝖾, 𝗇𝗎𝗆𝖺 𝗁𝗂𝗉𝗈́𝗍𝖾𝗌𝖾 𝖼𝖺𝗍𝖺𝖼𝗅𝗂́𝗌𝗆𝗂𝖼𝖺, 𝗍𝗈𝖽𝖺𝗌 𝖺𝗌 𝖺́𝗋𝗏𝗈𝗋𝖾𝗌 𝖽𝗈 𝗉𝗅𝖺𝗇𝖾𝗍𝖺 𝖺𝗋𝖽𝖾𝗌𝗌𝖾𝗆, 𝖺𝗌𝗌𝗂𝗆 𝗋𝖾𝗏𝖾𝗋𝗍𝖾𝗇𝖽𝗈 𝗍𝗈𝖽𝗈 𝗈 𝖾𝖿𝖾𝗂𝗍𝗈 𝖽𝖺 𝖿𝗈𝗍𝗈𝗌𝗌𝗂́𝗇𝗍𝖾𝗌𝖾 𝗊𝗎𝖾 𝗋𝖾𝖺𝗅𝗂𝗓𝖺𝗋𝖺𝗆 𝗇𝗈 𝗉𝖺𝗌𝗌𝖺𝖽𝗈? 𝖮𝗎, 𝗆𝖺𝗂𝗌 𝖽𝗋𝖺𝗌𝗍𝗂𝖼𝖺𝗆𝖾𝗇𝗍𝖾, 𝗈 𝗊𝗎𝖾 𝖺𝖼𝗈𝗇𝗍𝖾𝖼𝖾𝗋𝗂𝖺 𝗌𝖾 𝗍𝗈𝖽𝗈 𝗈 𝖼𝖺𝗋𝖻𝗈𝗇𝗈 𝗈𝗋𝗀𝖺̂𝗇𝗂𝖼𝗈 𝗊𝗎𝖾 𝗃𝖺́ 𝖿𝗈𝗂 𝗀𝖾𝗋𝖺𝖽𝗈 𝗉𝖾𝗅𝖺 𝖿𝗈𝗍𝗈𝗌𝗌𝗂́𝗇𝗍𝖾𝗌𝖾 𝗇𝗈 𝗉𝖺𝗌𝗌𝖺𝖽𝗈, 𝖾 𝗊𝗎𝖾 𝗂𝗇𝖼𝗅𝗎𝗂 𝗇𝖺̃𝗈 𝗌𝗈́ 𝖺𝗌 𝖺́𝗋𝗏𝗈𝗋𝖾𝗌, 𝗆𝖺𝗌 𝗍𝗈𝖽𝖺 𝖺 𝗋𝖾𝗌𝗍𝖺𝗇𝗍𝖾 𝗏𝗂𝖽𝖺 𝗆𝖺𝗋𝗂𝗇𝗁𝖺 𝖾 𝗍𝖾𝗋𝗋𝖾𝗌𝗍𝗋𝖾, 𝗍𝗈𝖽𝗈 𝗈 𝖼𝖺𝗋𝖻𝗈𝗇𝗈 𝗇𝗈𝗌 𝗌𝗈𝗅𝗈𝗌 𝖾 𝗍𝗈𝖽𝗈 𝗈 𝖼𝖺𝗋𝖻𝗈𝗇𝗈 𝖾𝗆 𝗌𝖾𝖽𝗂𝗆𝖾𝗇𝗍𝗈𝗌 𝗆𝖺𝗋𝗂𝗇𝗁𝗈𝗌, 𝗌𝖾 𝖽𝖾𝖼𝗈𝗆𝗉𝗎𝗌𝖾𝗌𝗌𝖾, 𝖼𝗈𝗇𝗌𝗎𝗆𝗂𝗇𝖽𝗈 𝖮𝟤 𝖾 𝗅𝗂𝖻𝖾𝗋𝗍𝖺𝗇𝖽𝗈 𝖢𝖮𝟤? 𝖠𝗌 𝖼𝗈𝗇𝗍𝖺𝗌 𝖿𝖾𝗂𝗍𝖺𝗌 𝗉𝗈𝗋 𝖢𝗁𝖺𝗋𝗅𝖾𝗌 𝖪𝖾𝖾𝗅𝗂𝗇𝗀, 𝗉𝗂𝗈𝗇𝖾𝗂𝗋𝗈 𝖽𝖺 𝗆𝖾𝖽𝗂𝖼̧𝖺̃𝗈 𝖽𝗈 𝗈𝗑𝗂𝗀𝖾́𝗇𝗂𝗈 𝗇𝖺 𝖺𝗍𝗆𝗈𝗌𝖿𝖾𝗋𝖺 (𝖾 𝖿𝗂𝗅𝗁𝗈 𝖽𝖾 𝖢𝗁𝖺𝗋𝗅𝖾𝗌 𝖪𝖾𝖾𝗅𝗂𝗇𝗀, 𝗉𝗂𝗈𝗇𝖾𝗂𝗋𝗈 𝖽𝖺 𝗆𝖾𝖽𝗂𝖼̧𝖺̃𝗈 𝖽𝗈 𝖽𝗂𝗈́𝗑𝗂𝖽𝗈 𝖽𝖾 𝖼𝖺𝗋𝖻𝗈𝗇𝗈 𝗇𝖺 𝖺𝗍𝗆𝗈𝗌𝖿𝖾𝗋𝖺) 𝗆𝗈𝗌𝗍𝗋𝖺𝗆 𝗊𝗎𝖾 𝗍𝖺𝗅 𝗌𝗈́ 𝗋𝖾𝖽𝗎𝗓𝗂𝗋𝗂𝖺 𝖺 𝖼𝗈𝗇𝖼𝖾𝗇𝗍𝗋𝖺𝖼̧𝖺̃𝗈 𝖽𝖾 𝖮𝟤 𝗇𝖺 𝖺𝗍𝗆𝗈𝗌𝖿𝖾𝗋𝖺 𝖾𝗆 𝟣,𝟤% (𝗍𝗋𝖺𝖽𝗎𝗓𝗂𝗇𝖽𝗈-𝗌𝖾 𝗇𝗎𝗆 𝖺𝗎𝗆𝖾𝗇𝗍𝗈 𝗇𝖺 𝗆𝖾𝗌𝗆𝖺 𝗊𝗎𝖺𝗇𝗍𝗂𝖽𝖺𝖽𝖾 𝗇𝖺 𝖼𝗈𝗇𝖼𝖾𝗇𝗍𝗋𝖺𝖼̧𝖺̃𝗈 𝖽𝖾 𝖢𝖮𝟤 𝗊𝗎𝖾, 𝖾𝗌𝗌𝖾 𝗌𝗂𝗆, 𝗍𝖾𝗋𝗂𝖺 𝖾𝖿𝖾𝗂𝗍𝗈𝗌 𝖼𝖺𝗍𝖺𝗌𝗍𝗋𝗈́𝖿𝗂𝖼𝗈𝗌, 𝖾𝗆 𝗍𝖾𝗋𝗆𝗈𝗌 𝖽𝖾 𝖺𝗊𝗎𝖾𝖼𝗂𝗆𝖾𝗇𝗍𝗈 𝗀𝗅𝗈𝖻𝖺𝗅). 𝖤𝗇𝗍𝖺̃𝗈 𝖾 𝗌𝖾, 𝖺𝖽𝗂𝖼𝗂𝗈𝗇𝖺𝗅𝗆𝖾𝗇𝗍𝖾, 𝗊𝗎𝖾𝗂𝗆𝖺́𝗌𝗌𝖾𝗆𝗈𝗌 𝗍𝗈𝖽𝗈𝗌 𝗈𝗌 𝖼𝗈𝗆𝖻𝗎𝗌𝗍𝗂́𝗏𝖾𝗂𝗌 𝖿𝗈́𝗌𝗌𝖾𝗂𝗌 (𝗉𝖾𝗍𝗋𝗈́𝗅𝖾𝗈, 𝗀𝖺́𝗌 𝗇𝖺𝗍𝗎𝗋𝖺𝗅, 𝖼𝖺𝗋𝗏𝖺̃𝗈) 𝖾𝗑𝗂𝗌𝗍𝖾𝗇𝗍𝖾𝗌, 𝖾𝗅𝖾𝗌 𝗉𝗋𝗈́𝗉𝗋𝗂𝗈𝗌 𝗋𝖾𝗌𝗎𝗅𝗍𝖺𝖽𝗈 𝖽𝖺 𝖿𝗈𝗍𝗈𝗌𝗌𝗂𝗇𝗍𝖾𝗌𝖾 𝗇𝗈 𝗉𝖺𝗌𝗌𝖺𝖽𝗈 (𝖿𝗈𝗍𝗈𝗌𝗌𝗂́𝗇𝗍𝖾𝗌𝖾 “𝖿𝗈́𝗌𝗌𝗂𝗅”)? 𝖠𝗂𝗇𝖽𝖺 𝖺𝗌𝗌𝗂𝗆, 𝗍𝖺𝗅 𝖼𝗈𝗋𝗋𝖾𝗌𝗉𝗈𝗇𝖽𝖾𝗋𝗂𝖺 𝖺 𝗎𝗆𝖺 𝗊𝗎𝖾𝖽𝖺 𝖺𝖽𝗂𝖼𝗂𝗈𝗇𝖺𝗅 𝖽𝖾 𝖺𝗉𝖾𝗇𝖺𝗌 𝟣,𝟧% 𝗇𝖺 𝖼𝗈𝗇𝖼𝖾𝗇𝗍𝗋𝖺𝖼̧𝖺̃𝗈 𝖽𝖾 𝗈𝗑𝗂𝗀𝖾́𝗇𝗂𝗈.

𝖯𝖺𝗋𝖾𝖼𝖾𝗆𝗈𝗌 𝖺𝗌𝗌𝗂𝗆 𝗍𝖾𝗋 𝗎𝗆 𝗉𝖺𝗋𝖺𝖽𝗈𝗑𝗈: 𝗈 𝗈𝗑𝗂𝗀𝖾́𝗇𝗂𝗈 𝗊𝗎𝖾 𝖾𝗌𝗍𝖺́ 𝗇𝖺 𝖺𝗍𝗆𝗈𝗌𝖿𝖾𝗋𝖺 𝖾́ 𝗈 𝗋𝖾𝗌𝗎𝗅𝗍𝖺𝖽𝗈 𝖽𝖺 𝖿𝗈𝗍𝗈𝗌𝗌𝗂́𝗇𝗍𝖾𝗌𝖾, 𝗆𝖺𝗌 𝗌𝖾 𝗋𝖾𝗏𝖾𝗋𝗍𝖾𝗋𝗆𝗈𝗌 𝖾𝗌𝗌𝖺 𝖿𝗈𝗍𝗈𝗌𝗌𝗂́𝗇𝗍𝖾𝗌𝖾 𝗉𝖺𝗋𝖺 𝗍𝗈𝖽𝖺 𝖺 𝗏𝗂𝖽𝖺 𝖺𝖼𝗍𝗎𝖺𝗅𝗆𝖾𝗇𝗍𝖾 𝖾𝗑𝗂𝗌𝗍𝖾𝗇𝗍𝖾 𝗇𝖺 𝖳𝖾𝗋𝗋𝖺, 𝖾 𝖺𝗍𝖾́ 𝗊𝗎𝖾𝗂𝗆𝖺𝗋𝗆𝗈𝗌 𝗈𝗌 𝖼𝗈𝗆𝖻𝗎𝗌𝗍𝗂́𝗏𝖾𝗂𝗌 𝖿𝗈́𝗌𝗌𝖾𝗂𝗌 𝗋𝖾𝗌𝗎𝗅𝗍𝖺𝖽𝗈 𝖽𝖺 𝖿𝗈𝗍𝗈𝗌𝗌𝗂́𝗇𝗍𝖾𝗌𝖾 𝗇𝗈 𝗉𝖺𝗌𝗌𝖺𝖽𝗈, 𝗍𝖾𝗆𝗈𝗌 𝗌𝗈́ 𝗎𝗆 𝖾𝖿𝖾𝗂𝗍𝗈 𝗉𝖾𝗊𝗎𝖾𝗇𝗈 𝖽𝖾 𝗋𝖾𝖽𝗎𝖼̧𝖺̃𝗈 𝗇𝖺 𝗊𝗎𝖺𝗇𝗍𝗂𝖽𝖺𝖽𝖾 𝖽𝖾𝗌𝗌𝖾 𝗆𝖾𝗌𝗆𝗈 𝗈𝗑𝗂𝗀𝖾́𝗇𝗂𝗈.

𝖮 𝗊𝗎𝖾 𝗌𝖾 𝗉𝖺𝗌𝗌𝖺 𝖾́ 𝗊𝗎𝖾 𝗇𝗈𝗌 𝖿𝖺𝗅𝗍𝖺 𝖼𝗈𝗇𝗌𝗂𝖽𝖾𝗋𝖺𝗋 𝖽𝗈𝗂𝗌 𝗆𝖾𝖼𝖺𝗇𝗂𝗌𝗆𝗈𝗌 𝖺𝖽𝗂𝖼𝗂𝗈𝗇𝖺𝗂𝗌: (𝟣) 𝗉𝖺𝗋𝗍𝖾 𝖽𝖺 𝖿𝗈𝗍𝗈𝗌𝗌𝗂́𝗇𝗍𝖾𝗌𝖾 𝗇𝗈𝗌 𝗈𝖼𝖾𝖺𝗇𝗈𝗌 𝗇𝗈 𝗉𝖺𝗌𝗌𝖺𝖽𝗈 𝖽𝖾𝗎 𝗈𝗋𝗂𝗀𝖾𝗆 𝖺 𝗆𝖺𝗍𝖾́𝗋𝗂𝖺 𝗈𝗋𝗀𝖺̂𝗇𝗂𝖼𝖺 𝗈𝗋𝗂𝗎𝗇𝖽𝖺 𝗊𝗎𝖾 𝗌𝖾 𝖿𝗈𝗂 𝗉𝗋𝗈𝗀𝗋𝖾𝗌𝗌𝗂𝗏𝖺𝗆𝖾𝗇𝗍𝖾 𝗌𝖾𝖽𝗂𝗆𝖾𝗇𝗍𝖺𝗇𝖽𝗈, 𝖾𝗌𝗍𝖺𝗇𝖽𝗈 𝖺𝖼𝗍𝗎𝖺𝗅𝗆𝖾𝗇𝗍𝖾 𝗂𝗇𝖼𝗈𝗋𝗉𝗈𝗋𝖺𝖽𝖺 𝖾𝗆 𝗋𝗈𝖼𝗁𝖺𝗌 𝗌𝖾𝖽𝗂𝗆𝖾𝗇𝗍𝖺𝗋𝖾𝗌, 𝖺𝗈𝗇𝖽𝖾 𝗇𝖺̃𝗈 𝖾𝗌𝗍𝖺́ 𝖾𝗆 𝖼𝗈𝗇𝗍𝖺𝖼𝗍𝗈 𝖼𝗈𝗆 𝗈𝗑𝗂𝗀𝖾́𝗇𝗂𝗈 𝖾 𝗇𝖺̃𝗈 𝗉𝗈𝖽𝖾 𝗌𝖾𝗋 𝗈𝗑𝗂𝖽𝖺𝖽𝖺; (𝟤) 𝗁𝖺́ 𝗎𝗆 𝗉𝗋𝗈𝖼𝖾𝗌𝗌𝗈 𝖺𝖽𝗂𝖼𝗂𝗈𝗇𝖺𝗅 𝖽𝖾 𝗋𝖾𝗍𝗂𝗋𝖺𝖽𝖺 𝖽𝖾 𝗈𝗑𝗂𝗀𝖾́𝗇𝗂𝗈 𝖽𝖺 𝖺𝗍𝗆𝗈𝗌𝖿𝖾𝗋𝖺, 𝖼𝗈𝗆 𝖺 𝗆𝖾𝗍𝖾𝗈𝗋𝗂𝗓𝖺𝖼̧𝖺̃𝗈 𝖾 𝖼𝗈𝗇𝗌𝖾𝗊𝗎𝖾𝗇𝗍𝖾 𝖾𝗋𝗈𝗌𝖺̃𝗈 𝖽𝖺𝗌 𝗋𝗈𝖼𝗁𝖺𝗌, 𝗊𝗎𝖾 𝗍𝖺𝗆𝖻𝖾́𝗆 𝗌𝖾 𝗍𝗋𝖺𝗇𝗌𝖿𝗈𝗋𝗆𝖺𝗆 𝖾𝗆 𝗌𝖾𝖽𝗂𝗆𝖾𝗇𝗍𝗈𝗌. 𝖠𝖼𝗍𝗎𝖺𝗅𝗆𝖾𝗇𝗍𝖾, 𝖾𝗌𝗍𝖾𝗌 𝖽𝗈𝗂𝗌 𝗉𝗋𝗈𝖼𝖾𝗌𝗌𝗈𝗌 𝖾𝗌𝗍𝖺̃𝗈 𝖾𝗆 𝖾𝗊𝗎𝗂𝗅𝗂́𝖻𝗋𝗂𝗈 𝗆𝖺𝗌, 𝗌𝖾 𝖽𝖾𝗂𝗑𝖺𝗌𝗌𝖾 𝖽𝖾 𝗁𝖺𝗏𝖾𝗋 𝖿𝗈𝗍𝗈𝗌𝗌𝗂́𝗇𝗍𝖾𝗌𝖾, 𝖾 𝗉𝗈𝗋𝗍𝖺𝗇𝗍𝗈 𝗈 𝗉𝗋𝗈𝖼𝖾𝗌𝗌𝗈 (𝟣) 𝖽𝖾𝗌𝖺𝗉𝖺𝗋𝖾𝖼𝖾𝗌𝗌𝖾, 𝗈 𝗉𝗋𝗈𝖼𝖾𝗌𝗌𝗈 (𝟤) 𝖺𝖼𝖺𝖻𝖺𝗋𝗂𝖺 𝗉𝗈𝗋 𝖾𝗅𝗂𝗆𝗂𝗇𝖺𝗋 𝗈 𝗈𝗑𝗂𝗀𝖾́𝗇𝗂𝗈 𝖽𝖺 𝖺𝗍𝗆𝗈𝗌𝖿𝖾𝗋𝖺. 𝖭𝗈 𝖾𝗇𝗍𝖺𝗇𝗍𝗈, 𝗍𝖺𝗅 𝖺𝖼𝗈𝗇𝗍𝖾𝖼𝖾𝗋𝗂𝖺 𝖽𝖾 𝖿𝗈𝗋𝗆𝖺 𝗆𝗎𝗂𝗍𝗂́𝗌𝗌𝗂𝗆𝗈 𝗅𝖾𝗇𝗍𝖺, 𝗌𝗈́ 𝖺̀ 𝖾𝗌𝖼𝖺𝗅𝖺 𝖽𝗈𝗌 𝗆𝗂𝗅𝗁𝗈̃𝖾𝗌 𝖽𝖾 𝖺𝗇𝗈𝗌, 𝖾 𝖾́ 𝗉𝗈𝗋𝗍𝖺𝗇𝗍𝗈 𝗂𝗇𝗌𝗂𝗀𝗇𝗂𝖿𝗂𝖼𝖺𝗇𝗍𝖾 𝗉𝖺𝗋𝖺 𝖺 𝖺𝗇𝖺́𝗅𝗂𝗌𝖾 𝗊𝗎𝖾 𝖾𝗌𝗍𝖺𝗆𝗈𝗌 𝖺𝗊𝗎𝗂 𝖺 𝗋𝖾𝖺𝗅𝗂𝗓𝖺𝗋.

𝖰𝗎𝖾𝗋 𝗂𝗌𝗍𝗈 𝗍𝗎𝖽𝗈 𝖾𝗇𝗍𝖺̃𝗈 𝖽𝗂𝗓𝖾𝗋 𝗊𝗎𝖾 𝖺𝗌 𝖺́𝗋𝗏𝗈𝗋𝖾𝗌 𝗌𝖺̃𝗈 𝗉𝗈𝗎𝖼𝗈 𝗂𝗆𝗉𝗈𝗋𝗍𝖺𝗇𝗍𝖾𝗌? 𝖭𝖺̃𝗈, 𝖽𝖾 𝖿𝗈𝗋𝗆𝖺 𝖺𝗅𝗀𝗎𝗆𝖺! 𝖭𝖺̃𝗈 𝗌𝖾𝗇𝖽𝗈 𝖺 𝗋𝖾𝖽𝗎𝖼̧𝖺̃𝗈 𝖽𝖾 𝖮𝟤 𝗇𝖺 𝖺𝗍𝗆𝗈𝗌𝖿𝖾𝗋𝖺 𝗎𝗆 𝗉𝗋𝗈𝖻𝗅𝖾𝗆𝖺, 𝗃𝖺́ 𝗈 𝖼𝗈𝗋𝗋𝖾𝗌𝗉𝗈𝗇𝖽𝖾𝗇𝗍𝖾 𝖺𝗎𝗆𝖾𝗇𝗍𝗈 𝖽𝖾 𝖢𝖮𝟤 𝖾́, 𝗉𝖾𝗅𝗈 𝖾𝖿𝖾𝗂𝗍𝗈 𝖽𝖾 𝖺𝗊𝗎𝖾𝖼𝗂𝗆𝖾𝗇𝗍𝗈 𝗀𝗅𝗈𝖻𝖺𝗅. 𝖠𝗅𝖾́𝗆 𝖽𝗂𝗌𝗌𝗈, 𝖾 𝗇𝖺̃𝗈 𝗆𝖾𝗇𝗈𝗌 𝗂𝗆𝗉𝗈𝗋𝗍𝖺𝗇𝗍𝖾, 𝖺𝗌 𝖺́𝗋𝗏𝗈𝗋𝖾𝗌 𝗉𝗋𝗈𝗆𝗈𝗏𝖾𝗆 𝗎𝗆 𝖺𝗋𝗋𝖾𝖿𝖾𝖼𝗂𝗆𝖾𝗇𝗍𝗈 𝗅𝗈𝖼𝖺𝗅 𝖽𝗈 𝖼𝗅𝗂𝗆𝖺 𝖺𝗍𝗋𝖺𝗏𝖾́𝗌 𝖽𝖺 𝖺́𝗀𝗎𝖺 𝗊𝗎𝖾 𝗍𝗋𝖺𝗇𝗌𝗉𝗂𝗋𝖺𝗆 (𝖾𝗆𝖻𝗈𝗋𝖺, 𝖾𝗆 𝖼𝖾𝗋𝗍𝖺𝗌 𝖼𝗈𝗇𝖽𝗂𝖼̧𝗈̃𝖾𝗌, 𝗍𝖺𝗅 𝗏𝖾𝗇𝗁𝖺 𝖺𝖼𝗈𝗆𝗉𝖺𝗇𝗁𝖺𝖽𝗈 𝖽𝖾 𝗎𝗆 𝖾𝖿𝖾𝗂𝗍𝗈 𝗀𝗅𝗈𝖻𝖺𝗅 𝖽𝖾 𝖺𝗊𝗎𝖾𝖼𝗂𝗆𝖾𝗇𝗍𝗈). 𝖭𝖺𝗌 𝖼𝗂𝖽𝖺𝖽𝖾𝗌, 𝖺𝗌 𝖺́𝗋𝗏𝗈𝗋𝖾𝗌 “𝗅𝗂𝗆𝗉𝖺𝗆” 𝗈 𝖺𝗋, 𝖺𝗈 𝗉𝗋𝗈𝗆𝗈𝗏𝖾𝗋𝖾𝗆 𝖺 𝖺𝖻𝗌𝗈𝗋𝖼̧𝖺̃𝗈 𝖾 𝖽𝖾𝗉𝗈𝗌𝗂𝖼̧𝖺̃𝗈 𝖽𝖾 𝗉𝗈𝗅𝗎𝖾𝗇𝗍𝖾𝗌 𝖺𝗍𝗆𝗈𝗌𝖿𝖾́𝗋𝗂𝖼𝗈𝗌. 𝖠𝗌 𝖿𝗅𝗈𝗋𝖾𝗌𝗍𝖺𝗌 𝗉𝗋𝗈𝗍𝖾𝗀𝖾𝗆 𝗈 𝗌𝗈𝗅𝗈 𝖽𝖺 𝖾𝗋𝗈𝗌𝖺̃𝗈, 𝗉𝗋𝗈𝗆𝗈𝗏𝖾𝗆 𝖺 𝗂𝗇𝖿𝗂𝗅𝗍𝗋𝖺𝖼̧𝖺̃𝗈 𝖽𝖺 𝖺́𝗀𝗎𝖺 (𝖾𝗏𝗂𝗍𝖺𝗇𝖽𝗈 𝖺𝗌 𝖼𝗁𝖾𝗂𝖺𝗌) 𝖾 𝖺 𝗋𝖾𝖼𝖺𝗋𝗀𝖺 𝖽𝗈𝗌 𝖺𝗊𝗎𝗂́𝖿𝖾𝗋𝗈𝗌 (𝖾𝗆𝖻𝗈𝗋𝖺, 𝖽𝖾𝗏𝗂𝖽𝗈 𝖺̀ 𝗌𝗎𝖺 𝗍𝗋𝖺𝗇𝗌𝗉𝗂𝗋𝖺𝖼̧𝖺̃𝗈, 𝗉𝗈𝗌𝗌𝖺𝗆 𝗅𝖾𝗏𝖺𝗋 𝖺̀ 𝗋𝖾𝖽𝗎𝖼̧𝖺̃𝗈 𝖽𝗈𝗌 𝖼𝖺𝗎𝖽𝖺𝗂𝗌 𝖽𝗈𝗌 𝗋𝗂𝗈𝗌) 𝖾, 𝗌𝖾 𝗍𝗂𝗏𝖾𝗋𝖾𝗆 𝖺𝗌 𝖼𝖺𝗋𝖺𝖼𝗍𝖾𝗋𝗂́𝗌𝗍𝗂𝖼𝖺𝗌 𝖺𝖽𝖾𝗊𝗎𝖺𝖽𝖺𝗌, 𝗌𝖺̃𝗈 𝖾𝖼𝗈𝗌𝗌𝗂𝗌𝗍𝖾𝗆𝖺𝗌 𝖿𝗎𝗇𝖽𝖺𝗆𝖾𝗇𝗍𝖺𝗂𝗌 𝗉𝖺𝗋𝖺 𝖺 𝗉𝗋𝗈𝗍𝖾𝖼𝖼̧𝖺̃𝗈 𝖽𝖺 𝖻𝗂𝗈𝖽𝗂𝗏𝖾𝗋𝗌𝗂𝖽𝖺𝖽𝖾.

𝖤𝗆 𝗌𝗎𝗆𝖺, 𝗁𝖺́ 𝗂𝗆𝖾𝗇𝗌𝖺𝗌 𝗋𝖺𝗓𝗈̃𝖾𝗌 𝗉𝖺𝗋𝖺 𝖾𝗑𝗉𝖺𝗇𝖽𝗂𝗋 𝖺𝗌 𝖿𝗅𝗈𝗋𝖾𝗌𝗍𝖺𝗌 𝖾 𝗉𝖺𝗋𝖺 𝗉𝗅𝖺𝗇𝗍𝖺𝗋 𝖺́𝗋𝗏𝗈𝗋𝖾𝗌, 𝗆𝖺𝗌 𝗉𝗋𝗈𝖽𝗎𝗓𝗂𝗋 𝗈𝗑𝗂𝗀𝖾́𝗇𝗂𝗈 𝖽𝖾 𝖿𝖺𝖼𝗍𝗈 𝗇𝖺̃𝗈 𝖾́ 𝗎𝗆𝖺 𝖽𝖾𝗅𝖺𝗌.

* Professor de Ambiente e Energia no Instituto Superior Técnico

IN "iN" -19/11/24 .