SÉRGIO MANUEL DUNDÃO

 .

As escolas públicas

angolanas e a estratificação

social em Angola

A escola pública é um abrigo abandonado pelas políticas públicas que poderiam beneficiar as famílias pobres e sem a devida capacidade de se mobilizar e de actuar como uma classe política consciente e com a força suficiente para mudar o curso da sua situação.

As ᴄᴏɴsᴛᴀɴᴛᴇs ɢʀᴇᴠᴇs ᴅᴏs ᴘʀᴏғᴇssᴏʀᴇs ᴅᴏ ᴇɴsɪɴᴏ ᴘᴜ́ʙʟɪᴄᴏ ᴀɴɢᴏʟᴀɴᴏ ɪɴsᴛᴀᴍ﹣ɴᴏs ᴀ ᴜᴍ ᴇxᴇʀᴄɪ́ᴄɪᴏ ʀᴇғʟᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴏ ϙᴜᴇ ɴᴀ̃ᴏ sᴇ ᴇsɢᴏᴛᴀ sᴏᴍᴇɴᴛᴇ ɴᴀ ᴇᴅᴜᴄᴀᴄ̧ᴀ̃ᴏ﹐ ᴍᴀs ʀᴇsᴠᴀʟᴀ ᴘᴀʀᴀ ᴜᴍ ᴄᴀᴍᴘᴏ sᴏᴄɪᴇᴛᴀʟ﹐ ᴀ ᴄᴏᴍᴇᴄ̧ᴀʀ ᴘᴇʟᴀ sᴇɢᴜɪɴᴛᴇ ϙᴜᴇsᴛᴀ̃ᴏ﹕ ϙᴜᴇᴍ ᴄᴏʟᴏᴄᴀ ᴏs sᴇᴜs ғɪʟʜᴏs ɴᴀs ᴇsᴄᴏʟᴀs ᴀɴɢᴏʟᴀɴᴀs﹐ ᴀᴄᴛᴜᴀʟᴍᴇɴᴛᴇ﹖ Eɴᴄᴏɴᴛʀᴀɴᴅᴏ ᴇssᴀ ʀᴇsᴘᴏsᴛᴀ sᴀʙᴇʀᴇᴍᴏs ϙᴜᴇᴍ ᴇ́ ʀᴇᴀʟᴍᴇɴᴛᴇ ᴀғᴇᴄᴛᴀᴅᴏ ᴄᴏᴍ ᴀ ᴘᴀʀᴀʟɪsᴀᴄ̧ᴀ̃ᴏ ᴅᴀs ᴀᴜʟᴀs﹐ ᴀᴛʀᴀᴠᴇ́s ᴅᴏ ᴍᴇᴄᴀɴɪsᴍᴏ ʟᴇɢɪ́ᴛɪᴍᴏ ᴅᴀ ɢʀᴇᴠᴇ ᴅᴏs ᴘʀᴏғᴇssᴏʀᴇs. Aϙᴜɪ ʀᴇsɪᴅᴇ ᴜᴍᴀ ᴀʀᴍᴀᴅɪʟʜᴀ sᴜʙᴊᴀᴄᴇɴᴛᴇ ᴀᴏ ғᴇɴᴏ́ᴍᴇɴᴏ ᴅᴀs ɢʀᴇᴠᴇs ɴᴀs sᴏᴄɪᴇᴅᴀᴅᴇs ᴀғʀɪᴄᴀɴᴀs.

Cᴇʀᴛᴀᴍᴇɴᴛᴇ﹐ ᴏs ᴍɪɴɪsᴛʀᴏs﹐ sᴇᴄʀᴇᴛᴀ́ʀɪᴏs ᴅᴇ Esᴛᴀᴅᴏ ᴇ ᴏs ᴅᴇᴘᴜᴛᴀᴅᴏs ɴᴀ̃ᴏ ᴛᴇ̂ᴍ ᴏs sᴇᴜs ғɪʟʜᴏs ᴍᴀᴛʀɪᴄᴜʟᴀᴅᴏs ɴᴀs ᴇsᴄᴏʟᴀs ᴘᴜ́ʙʟɪᴄᴀs ᴀɴɢᴏʟᴀɴᴀs. A ϙᴜᴇsᴛᴀ̃ᴏ ᴅᴀ ɢʀᴇᴠᴇ ᴀᴄᴀʙᴀ ᴘᴏʀ ɴᴀ̃ᴏ ᴀғᴇᴄᴛᴀʀ ᴀ ᴠɪᴅᴀ ᴅᴏs ғɪʟʜᴏs ᴅᴏs ʀᴇsᴘᴏɴsᴀ́ᴠᴇɪs ᴅᴇsᴛᴇ ᴘᴀɪ́s﹐ sᴇɴᴅᴏ﹐ ᴘᴏɪs﹐ ᴜᴍᴀ ᴍᴀᴛᴇ́ʀɪᴀ ᴅᴇ ᴏʀᴅᴇᴍ ᴘᴏʟɪ́ᴛɪᴄᴀ ᴇ﹐ ᴇᴍ ᴘᴀʀᴛɪᴄᴜʟᴀʀ﹐ ʀᴇʟᴀᴄɪᴏɴᴀᴅᴀ ᴄᴏᴍ ᴀ ﹙ɪᴍᴀɢᴇᴍ ᴅᴇ﹚ ɪɴᴄᴀᴘᴀᴄɪᴅᴀᴅᴇ ɢᴏᴠᴇʀɴᴀᴛɪᴠᴀ ᴅᴏ ᴀᴄᴛᴜᴀʟ ᴇxᴇᴄᴜᴛɪᴠᴏ.

O ᴀғᴀsᴛᴀᴍᴇɴᴛᴏ ᴅᴏs ғɪʟʜᴏs ᴅᴀ ᴇʟɪᴛᴇ ᴅɪʀɪɢᴇɴᴛᴇ ᴇ ᴇᴄᴏɴᴏ́ᴍɪᴄᴀ ᴅᴀs ᴇsᴄᴏʟᴀs ᴘᴜ́ʙʟɪᴄᴀs ᴛᴏʀɴᴏᴜ ᴇsᴛᴀs ɪɴsᴛɪᴛᴜɪᴄ̧ᴏ̃ᴇs ɴᴜᴍ ᴇsᴘᴀᴄ̧ᴏ ᴅᴇ ғᴏʀᴍᴀᴄ̧ᴀ̃ᴏ ᴘᴀʀᴀ ᴏs ᴍᴇᴍʙʀᴏs ᴅᴇ ғᴀᴍɪ́ʟɪᴀs ᴄᴀʀᴇɴᴄɪᴀᴅᴀs ᴏᴜ ᴄᴏᴍ ᴍᴇɴᴏs ʀᴇɴᴅɪᴍᴇɴᴛᴏs﹐ ᴠᴜʟɢᴀʀᴍᴇɴᴛᴇ ᴅᴇsɪɢɴᴀᴅᴏs ᴅᴇ ᴘᴏʙʀᴇs. Esᴛᴇ ғᴇɴᴏ́ᴍᴇɴᴏ ᴅᴇ ᴇsᴛʀᴀᴛɪғɪᴄᴀᴄ̧ᴀ̃ᴏ sᴏᴄɪᴀʟ ɪɴɪᴄɪᴏᴜ﹣sᴇ ɴᴀ ᴅᴇ́ᴄᴀᴅᴀ ᴅᴇ ɴᴏᴠᴇɴᴛᴀ ᴅᴏ sᴇ́ᴄᴜʟᴏ ᴘᴀssᴀᴅᴏ﹐ ɪɴᴄᴇɴᴛɪᴠᴀᴅᴏ ᴘᴇʟᴀ ᴀᴅᴇsᴀ̃ᴏ ᴅᴏ sɪsᴛᴇᴍᴀ ᴀɴɢᴏʟᴀɴᴏ ᴀ̀ ᴇᴄᴏɴᴏᴍɪᴀ ᴅᴇ ᴍᴇʀᴄᴀᴅᴏ﹐ ᴏ ϙᴜᴇ ᴀʟᴀᴠᴀɴᴄᴏᴜ ᴀ ɪɴɪᴄɪᴀᴛɪᴠᴀ ᴘʀɪᴠᴀᴅᴀ ɴᴏ sᴇᴄᴛᴏʀ ᴅᴀ ᴇᴅᴜᴄᴀᴄ̧ᴀ̃ᴏ ᴇ ᴘᴇʀᴍɪᴛɪᴜ ϙᴜᴇ﹐ ɴᴀ ᴘʀᴀ́ᴛɪᴄᴀ﹐ ᴏs ʀᴇsᴘᴏɴsᴀ́ᴠᴇɪs ᴅᴀ ᴇᴅᴜᴄᴀᴄ̧ᴀ̃ᴏ ɴᴏ sᴇᴄᴛᴏʀ ᴘᴜ́ʙʟɪᴄᴏ ᴘᴜᴅᴇssᴇᴍ ғᴜɴᴅᴀʀ ᴏs sᴇᴜs ᴄᴏʟᴇ́ɢɪᴏs.

As ᴇsᴄᴏʟᴀs ᴄᴏɴsᴛɪᴛᴜɪ́ᴅᴀs﹐ ɴᴀ sᴜᴀ ᴍᴀɪᴏʀɪᴀ﹐ ᴘᴏʀ ғɪʟʜᴏs ᴅᴇ ғᴀᴍɪ́ʟɪᴀs ᴘᴏʙʀᴇs ᴇɴᴄᴇʀʀᴀᴍ﹐ ᴇᴍ sɪ﹐ ᴠᴀ́ʀɪᴀs ᴄᴏɴᴛʀᴀᴅɪᴄ̧ᴏ̃ᴇs ᴇ ᴘᴀᴛᴏʟᴏɢɪᴀs sᴏᴄɪᴀɪs ᴏʙsᴇʀᴠᴀᴅᴀs ɴᴀ ᴏʙʀᴀ “Oɴ ᴛʜᴇ Pᴏsᴛᴄᴏʟᴏɴʏ”﹐ ᴅᴇ Aᴄʜɪʟʟᴇ Mʙᴇᴍʙᴇ. A ᴄᴏᴍᴇᴄ̧ᴀʀ ᴘᴇʟᴀ ᴀᴜsᴇ̂ɴᴄɪᴀ ᴅᴇ ᴜᴍᴀ ɴᴏᴄ̧ᴀ̃ᴏ ᴅᴇ ᴄʟᴀssᴇ ᴘᴏʟɪ́ᴛɪᴄᴀ ᴜɴɪғᴏʀᴍᴇ ᴅᴇɴᴛʀᴏ ᴅᴀ ᴇsᴄᴏʟᴀ﹐ ᴘᴏʀϙᴜᴇ sᴇʀ ᴘᴏʙʀᴇ ɴᴀ̃ᴏ ɴᴏs ᴄᴏʟᴏᴄᴀ﹐ ғᴏʀᴄ̧ᴏsᴀᴍᴇɴᴛᴇ﹐ ɴᴜᴍᴀ ᴄʟᴀssᴇ﹐ ᴍᴀs﹐ sɪᴍ﹐ ɴᴜᴍᴀ ᴄᴏɴᴅɪᴄ̧ᴀ̃ᴏ sᴏᴄɪᴀʟ ᴇ ᴇᴄᴏɴᴏ́ᴍɪᴄᴀ. Pᴏʀ ɪssᴏ﹐ ᴏs ᴘᴏʙʀᴇs ɴᴀ̃ᴏ ᴛᴇ̂ᴍ ᴜᴍᴀ ᴀɢᴇɴᴅᴀ ᴅᴇ ᴛʀᴀɴsғᴏʀᴍᴀᴄ̧ᴀ̃ᴏ ᴅᴀ sᴜᴀ ᴄᴏɴᴅɪᴄ̧ᴀ̃ᴏ sᴏᴄɪᴀʟ ᴀ ᴘᴀʀᴛɪʀ ᴅᴀ ʟᴜᴛᴀ ᴘᴏʀ ᴜᴍᴀ ᴇᴅᴜᴄᴀᴄ̧ᴀ̃ᴏ ᴅᴇ ᴍᴀ́xɪᴍᴀ ϙᴜᴀʟɪᴅᴀᴅᴇ ɴᴀ ᴇsᴄᴏʟᴀ ᴘᴜ́ʙʟɪᴄᴀ.

Pᴏʀ sᴜᴀ ᴠᴇᴢ﹐ ᴏs ᴘʀᴏғᴇssᴏʀᴇs ᴅᴇsᴛᴀs ᴇsᴄᴏʟᴀs ᴘʀᴏᴄᴜʀᴀᴍ﹐ sᴏʙʀᴇᴛᴜᴅᴏ﹐ sᴀɪʀ ᴅᴀ ᴄᴏɴᴅɪᴄ̧ᴀ̃ᴏ ᴇᴄᴏɴᴏ́ᴍɪᴄᴀ ᴅᴇ ᴘᴏʙʀᴇᴢᴀ﹐ ᴀᴛʀᴀᴠᴇ́s ᴅᴇ ɢʀᴇᴠᴇs ᴇ ᴏᴜᴛʀᴀs ʟᴜᴛᴀs﹐ ᴏ ϙᴜᴇ ᴄᴏʟᴏᴄᴀ ᴇᴍ ᴄᴀᴜsᴀ ᴏ ғᴜᴛᴜʀᴏ ᴅᴏs ғɪʟʜᴏs ᴅᴇsᴛᴀs ғᴀᴍɪ́ʟɪᴀs. Eᴍ sᴜᴍᴀ﹐ ᴀ ʟᴜᴛᴀ ᴅᴏs ᴘʀᴏғᴇssᴏʀᴇs ᴀғᴇᴄᴛᴀ ᴅɪʀᴇᴄᴛᴀᴍᴇɴᴛᴇ ᴏs ғɪʟʜᴏs ᴅᴀs ғᴀᴍɪ́ʟɪᴀs ᴄᴏᴍ ᴍᴇɴᴏs ʀᴇᴄᴜʀsᴏs﹐ ᴏ ϙᴜᴇ ɢᴇʀᴀ ᴜᴍᴀ ᴛᴇɴsᴀ̃ᴏ ᴇ ᴄᴏɴᴛʀᴀᴅɪᴄ̧ᴏ̃ᴇs ɴᴀ ᴘʀᴏ́ᴘʀɪᴀ ᴇsᴄᴏʟᴀ ᴘᴜ́ʙʟɪᴄᴀ.

Pᴀʀᴀ ᴀʟᴇ́ᴍ ᴅɪssᴏ﹐ ᴍᴜɪᴛᴏs ᴘʀᴏғᴇssᴏʀᴇs ʀᴇᴘʀᴏᴅᴜᴢᴇᴍ ᴏ ᴍᴏᴅᴇʟᴏ ᴅᴇ ᴄᴏʀʀᴜᴘᴄ̧ᴀ̃ᴏ﹐ ᴅᴇ ᴛʀᴀ́ғɪᴄᴏ ᴅᴇ ɪɴғʟᴜᴇ̂ɴᴄɪᴀ ᴇ ᴅᴇ ᴇxᴘʟᴏʀᴀᴄ̧ᴀ̃ᴏ sᴇxᴜᴀʟ ᴅᴇ ᴀʟᴜɴᴀs﹐ ᴄᴏɴғᴏʀᴍᴇ ᴅᴇsᴄʀᴇᴠᴇᴜ Mʙᴇᴍʙᴇ ʀᴇʟᴀᴛɪᴠᴀᴍᴇɴᴛᴇ ᴀ̀s sᴏᴄɪᴇᴅᴀᴅᴇs ᴘᴏ́s﹣ᴄᴏʟᴏɴɪᴀɪs ᴀғʀɪᴄᴀɴᴀs. Esᴛᴀs sᴏᴄɪᴇᴅᴀᴅᴇs ᴇsᴛᴀ̃ᴏ ᴄᴏɴғɪɢᴜʀᴀᴅᴀs ᴘᴀʀᴀ ᴏs ᴅɪғᴇʀᴇɴᴛᴇs ɢʀᴜᴘᴏs ᴀᴄᴛᴜᴀʀᴇᴍ ᴅᴇɴᴛʀᴏ ᴅᴇ ᴜᴍᴀ ʟᴏ́ɢɪᴄᴀ ᴅᴇ sᴏʙʀᴇᴠɪᴠᴇ̂ɴᴄɪᴀ﹐ ɴᴀs ϙᴜᴀɪs ᴀ ᴀsᴄᴇɴsᴀ̃ᴏ sᴇʀᴠᴇ﹐ sᴏʙʀᴇᴛᴜᴅᴏ﹐ ᴘᴀʀᴀ ᴏ ᴀғᴀsᴛᴀᴍᴇɴᴛᴏ ᴅᴀ sᴜᴀ ʀᴇᴀʟɪᴅᴀᴅᴇ sᴏᴄɪᴀʟ ᴅᴇ ᴘᴀʀᴛɪᴅᴀ. Pᴏʀ ɪssᴏ﹐ ᴏ ғɪʟʜᴏ ᴅᴇ ᴜᴍᴀ ғᴀᴍɪ́ʟɪᴀ ᴘᴏʙʀᴇ ϙᴜᴇ ᴇsᴛᴜᴅᴀ ɴᴜᴍᴀ ᴇsᴄᴏʟᴀ ᴘᴜ́ʙʟɪᴄᴀ ᴇ ᴄᴏɴsᴇɢᴜᴇ ᴇsᴄᴀᴘᴀʀ ᴀ̀ ᴀʀᴍᴀᴅɪʟʜᴀ ᴅᴀ ᴘᴏʙʀᴇᴢᴀ ᴀᴄᴀʙᴀ ᴘᴏʀ ɴᴀ̃ᴏ ᴄᴏʟᴏᴄᴀʀ ᴏ sᴇᴜ ғɪʟʜᴏ ᴅᴇɴᴛʀᴏ ᴅᴏ sɪsᴛᴇᴍᴀ ᴅᴇ ᴇɴsɪɴᴏ ᴘᴜ́ʙʟɪᴄᴏ.

Pᴏʀᴛᴀɴᴛᴏ﹐ ᴀ ᴇsᴄᴏʟᴀ ᴘᴜ́ʙʟɪᴄᴀ ᴇ́ ᴜᴍ ᴀʙʀɪɢᴏ ᴀʙᴀɴᴅᴏɴᴀᴅᴏ ᴘᴇʟᴀs ᴘᴏʟɪ́ᴛɪᴄᴀs ᴘᴜ́ʙʟɪᴄᴀs ϙᴜᴇ ᴘᴏᴅᴇʀɪᴀᴍ ʙᴇɴᴇғɪᴄɪᴀʀ ᴀs ғᴀᴍɪ́ʟɪᴀs ᴘᴏʙʀᴇs ᴇ sᴇᴍ ᴀ ᴅᴇᴠɪᴅᴀ ᴄᴀᴘᴀᴄɪᴅᴀᴅᴇ ᴅᴇ sᴇ ᴍᴏʙɪʟɪᴢᴀʀ ᴇ ᴅᴇ ᴀᴄᴛᴜᴀʀ ᴄᴏᴍᴏ ᴜᴍᴀ ᴄʟᴀssᴇ ᴘᴏʟɪ́ᴛɪᴄᴀ ᴄᴏɴsᴄɪᴇɴᴛᴇ ᴇ ᴄᴏᴍ ᴀ ғᴏʀᴄ̧ᴀ sᴜғɪᴄɪᴇɴᴛᴇ ᴘᴀʀᴀ ᴍᴜᴅᴀʀ ᴏ ᴄᴜʀsᴏ ᴅᴀ sᴜᴀ sɪᴛᴜᴀᴄ̧ᴀ̃ᴏ. Sᴏʙʀᴇ ᴇsᴛᴀ ᴄʟᴀssᴇ ʀᴇᴘᴏᴜsᴀ ᴛᴏᴅᴀ ᴀ ᴅᴇsʀᴇɢᴜʟᴀᴄ̧ᴀ̃ᴏ ᴇ ᴇxᴘʟᴏʀᴀᴄ̧ᴀ̃ᴏ sᴏᴄɪᴀʟ. Dᴏɴᴅᴇ ᴀ ɢʀᴇᴠᴇ﹐ ᴜᴍ ᴀᴄᴛᴏ ʟᴇɢɪ́ᴛɪᴍᴏ﹐ ᴛʀᴀᴢ ᴜᴍ ᴇɴᴏʀᴍᴇ ᴘʀᴇᴊᴜɪ́ᴢᴏ ᴀᴏs ᴘᴏʙʀᴇs﹐ ᴠɪsᴛᴏ ϙᴜᴇ ᴀ ᴇʟɪᴛᴇ ɴᴀ̃ᴏ ᴇ́﹐ ᴇᴍ ᴍᴏᴍᴇɴᴛᴏ ᴀʟɢᴜᴍ﹐ ᴀғᴇᴄᴛᴀᴅᴀ ᴘᴇʟᴏ ᴇxᴇʀᴄɪ́ᴄɪᴏ ᴅᴇsᴛᴇ ᴅɪʀᴇɪᴛᴏ.

* Investigador e escritor

IN "O JORNAL ECONÓMICO" - 20/01/23 .