RAQUEL VARELA

 .

De que matéria 

se faz uma guerra?

A prazo creio que iremos olhar esta guerracomo uma tentativa dos Governos ocidentais de socorrerem as suas empresas para tentarem sair da crise estrutural de acumulação.

𝒜 𝑔𝓇𝒶𝓃𝒹𝑒 𝓂𝒶𝒾𝑜𝓇𝒾𝒶 𝒹𝑜𝓈 𝒽𝒾𝓈𝓉𝑜𝓇𝒾𝒶𝒹𝑜𝓇𝑒𝓈 𝑒́ 𝓈𝓊𝒻𝒾𝒸𝒾𝑒𝓃𝓉𝑒𝓂𝑒𝓃𝓉𝑒 𝓋𝒾𝓇𝓉𝓊𝑜𝓈𝑜 𝓅𝒶𝓇𝒶 𝑒𝓈𝓆𝓊𝑒𝒸𝑒𝓇 𝑜𝓈 𝓂𝑜𝓉𝒾𝓋𝑜𝓈 𝒻𝓇𝒾́𝓋𝑜𝓁𝑜𝓈 𝓆𝓊𝑒 𝑜𝓈 𝒻𝒶𝓊𝓉𝑜𝓇𝑒𝓈 𝒹𝒶𝓈 𝑔𝓊𝑒𝓇𝓇𝒶𝓈 𝒶𝓅𝓇𝑒𝓈𝑒𝓃𝓉𝒶𝓂. 𝒟𝒾𝓈𝒸𝓊𝓇𝓈𝑜𝓈 𝒹𝓇𝒶𝓂𝒶́𝓉𝒾𝒸𝑜𝓈, 𝓅𝓇𝑜𝓅𝒶𝑔𝒶𝓃𝒹𝒶 𝒹𝑒 𝓋𝒶𝓁𝑜𝓇𝑒𝓈 𝓂𝑜𝓇𝒶𝒾𝓈 𝒶𝓊𝓉𝑜 𝒶𝓉𝓇𝒾𝒷𝓊𝒾́𝒹𝑜𝓈, 𝓉𝓊𝒹𝑜 𝒸𝑜𝓂 𝑜𝓈 𝒶𝓃𝑜𝓈 𝓈𝑒 𝑒𝓃𝒸𝒽𝑒 𝒹𝑒 𝓅𝑜́ 𝑒𝓂 𝒸𝒶𝒾𝓍𝒶𝓈 𝓆𝓊𝑒 𝒶𝒸𝒶𝒷𝒶𝓂, 𝓆𝓊𝒶𝓃𝒹𝑜 𝓂𝓊𝒾𝓉𝑜, 𝓃𝓊𝓂 𝓁𝒾𝓋𝓇𝑜 𝒹𝑒 𝒸𝓊𝓇𝒾𝑜𝓈𝒾𝒹𝒶𝒹𝑒𝓈 𝒶̀ 𝓋𝑒𝓃𝒹𝒶 𝓃𝓊𝓂 𝒶𝑒𝓇𝑜𝓅𝑜𝓇𝓉𝑜. 𝒪 𝒶𝓈𝓈𝒶𝓈𝓈𝒾𝓃𝒶𝓉𝑜 𝒹𝑜 𝒶𝓇𝓆𝓊𝒾𝒹𝓊𝓆𝓊𝑒 ℱ𝓇𝒶𝓃𝒸𝒾𝓈𝒸𝑜 ℱ𝑒𝓇𝓃𝒶𝓃𝒹𝑜 𝑒́ 𝑜 𝒻𝒶𝒸𝓉𝑜 𝓂𝑒𝓃𝑜𝓈 𝓇𝑒𝓁𝑒𝓋𝒶𝓃𝓉𝑒 𝒹𝒶 𝒫𝓇𝒾𝓂𝑒𝒾𝓇𝒶 𝒢𝓇𝒶𝓃𝒹𝑒 𝒢𝓊𝑒𝓇𝓇𝒶, 𝓃𝒾𝓃𝑔𝓊𝑒́𝓂 𝑒𝓃𝓈𝒾𝓃𝒶 𝓆𝓊𝑒 𝑒́ 𝒶 𝒸𝒶𝓊𝓈𝒶 𝒹𝒶 𝑔𝓊𝑒𝓇𝓇𝒶. ℳ𝒶𝓈 𝒶𝒻𝒾𝓃𝒶𝓁 𝓆𝓊𝒶𝓁 𝑒́ 𝒶 𝓇𝒶𝓏𝒶̃𝑜 𝒹𝒶 𝑔𝓊𝑒𝓇𝓇𝒶 𝑒𝓂 𝒸𝓊𝓇𝓈𝑜?

𝒟𝓊𝓇𝒶𝓃𝓉𝑒 𝒶 𝒫𝓇𝒾𝓂𝑒𝒾𝓇𝒶 𝒢𝓊𝑒𝓇𝓇𝒶 ℳ𝓊𝓃𝒹𝒾𝒶𝓁, 𝑜 𝒿𝑜𝓇𝓃𝒶𝓁𝒾𝓈𝓉𝒶 𝒥𝑜𝒽𝓃 ℛ𝑒𝑒𝒹, 𝒸𝑜𝓃𝓋𝒾𝒹𝒶𝒹𝑜 𝒶 𝒹𝒾𝓈𝒸𝓊𝓇𝓈𝒶𝓇 𝓃𝓊𝓂 𝒸𝓁𝓊𝒷𝑒 𝒹𝒶𝓈 𝒸𝓁𝒶𝓈𝓈𝑒𝓈 𝒹𝒾𝓇𝒾𝑔𝑒𝓃𝓉𝑒𝓈 𝒹𝑜𝓈 ℰ𝒰𝒜, 𝒹𝑒𝓊 𝓊𝓂𝒶 𝓇𝑒𝓈𝓅𝑜𝓈𝓉𝒶 𝒸𝑜𝓃𝓉𝓊𝓃𝒹𝑒𝓃𝓉𝑒 𝒶̀ 𝓅𝑒𝓇𝑔𝓊𝓃𝓉𝒶 𝓆𝓊𝑒 𝑜𝓈 𝓈𝑒𝓊𝓈 𝒶𝓃𝒻𝒾𝓉𝓇𝒾𝑜̃𝑒𝓈 𝓁𝒽𝑒 𝒻𝒾𝓏𝑒𝓇𝒶𝓂: “𝒬𝓊𝒶𝒾𝓈 𝒶𝓈 𝓂𝑜𝓉𝒾𝓋𝒶𝒸̧𝑜̃𝑒𝓈 𝒹𝑒𝓈𝓉𝒶 𝑔𝓊𝑒𝓇𝓇𝒶?” “𝒫𝓇𝑜𝒻𝒾𝓉𝓈”, 𝓇𝑒𝓈𝓅𝑜𝓃𝒹𝑒𝓊 𝑒𝓁𝑒. ℒ𝓊𝒸𝓇𝑜𝓈. 𝒜 𝑔𝓇𝒶𝓃𝒹𝑒 𝓂𝑜𝓉𝒾𝓋𝒶𝒸̧𝒶̃𝑜 𝒹𝑒𝓈𝓈𝒶 𝒸𝑜𝓂𝑜 𝒹𝑒 𝑜𝓊𝓉𝓇𝒶𝓈 𝑔𝓊𝑒𝓇𝓇𝒶𝓈.

𝒩𝑒𝓂 𝓉𝑜𝒹𝑜𝓈 𝑜𝓈 𝓂𝑒𝓉𝒶𝒾𝓈 𝓇𝒶𝓇𝑜𝓈 𝓉𝑒̂𝓂 𝒶 𝓂𝑒𝓈𝓂𝒶 𝒾𝓂𝓅𝑜𝓇𝓉𝒶̂𝓃𝒸𝒾𝒶. ℰ𝓈𝓉𝒶 𝑒́ 𝒹𝑒𝒻𝒾𝓃𝒾𝒹𝒶 𝓅𝑜𝓇 𝓉𝓇𝑒̂𝓈 𝓇𝒶𝓏𝑜̃𝑒𝓈: 𝒶 𝓈𝓊𝒶 𝒹𝒾𝓈𝓅𝑜𝓃𝒾𝒷𝒾𝓁𝒾𝒹𝒶𝒹𝑒 (𝒶 𝓈𝓊𝒶 𝓇𝒶𝓇𝒾𝒹𝒶𝒹𝑒), 𝓁𝑜𝒸𝒶𝓁𝒾𝓏𝒶𝒸̧𝒶̃𝑜 𝑒 𝒾𝓂𝓅𝑜𝓇𝓉𝒶̂𝓃𝒸𝒾𝒶 𝓃𝒶 𝒸𝒶𝒹𝑒𝒾𝒶 𝒹𝑒 𝓅𝓇𝑜𝒹𝓊𝒸̧𝒶̃𝑜. ℳ𝑒𝓉𝒶𝒾𝓈 𝓇𝒶𝓇𝑜𝓈 𝓈𝒶̃𝑜 𝓊𝓂 𝑔𝓇𝓊𝓅𝑜 𝒹𝑒 𝒸𝑒𝓇𝒸𝒶 𝒹𝑒 𝟼𝟶 (𝓈𝑒𝑔𝓊𝓃𝒹𝑜 𝒹𝒶𝒹𝑜𝓈 𝒹𝑒 𝟸𝟶𝟷𝟶 𝑒 𝟸𝟶𝟷𝟺).

𝒟𝑒𝓋𝒾𝒹𝑜 𝒶̀𝓈 𝓈𝓊𝒶𝓈 𝓅𝓇𝑜𝓅𝓇𝒾𝑒𝒹𝒶𝒹𝑒𝓈 𝑜́𝓉𝒾𝒸𝒶𝓈, 𝓆𝓊𝒾́𝓂𝒾𝒸𝒶𝓈 𝑒 𝓂𝒶𝑔𝓃𝑒́𝓉𝒾𝒸𝒶𝓈, 𝑒𝓁𝑒𝓈 𝓈𝒶̃𝑜 𝒻𝓊𝓃𝒹𝒶𝓂𝑒𝓃𝓉𝒶𝒾𝓈 𝓅𝒶𝓇𝒶 𝒷𝒶𝓉𝑒𝓇𝒾𝒶𝓈 𝒹𝑒 𝒸𝒶𝓇𝓇𝑜𝓈, 𝑒𝑜́𝓁𝒾𝒸𝒶𝓈, 𝒾𝓃𝒹𝓊́𝓈𝓉𝓇𝒾𝒶 𝒶𝑒𝓇𝑜𝑒𝓈𝓅𝒶𝒸𝒾𝒶𝓁, 𝓂𝑒𝒹𝒾𝒸𝒾𝓃𝒶, 𝓇𝑜𝒷𝑜́𝓉𝒾𝒸𝒶, 𝒶𝓊𝓉𝑜𝓂𝒶𝒸̧𝒶̃𝑜, 𝓈𝑒𝑔𝓊𝓇𝒶𝓃𝒸̧𝒶 𝒸𝒾𝒷𝑒𝓇𝓃𝑒́𝓉𝒾𝒸𝒶, 𝒷𝒾𝑜𝓉𝑒𝒸𝓃𝑜𝓁𝑜𝑔𝒾𝒶𝓈, 𝓃𝒶𝓃𝑜𝓉𝑒𝒸𝓃𝑜𝓁𝑜𝑔𝒾𝒶, 𝒾𝓁𝓊𝓂𝒾𝓃𝒶𝒸̧𝒶̃𝑜, 𝒸𝒶𝓉𝒶𝓁𝒾𝓈𝒶𝒹𝑜𝓇𝑒𝓈, 𝒾𝓃𝒹𝓊́𝓈𝓉𝓇𝒾𝒶 𝓂𝒾𝓁𝒾𝓉𝒶𝓇.

ℰ𝓃𝓉𝓇𝑒 𝑒𝓁𝑒𝓈 𝒽𝒶́ 𝟷𝟽, 𝑜𝓈 𝓂𝒶𝒾𝓈 𝑒𝓈𝓉𝓇𝒶𝓉𝑒́𝑔𝒾𝒸𝑜𝓈, 𝒸𝑜𝓃𝓈𝒾𝒹𝑒𝓇𝒶𝒹𝑜𝓈 𝒸𝑜𝓂𝑜 “𝓉𝑒𝓇𝓇𝒶𝓈 𝓇𝒶𝓇𝒶𝓈”, 𝟷𝟻 𝓂𝒶𝒾𝓈 𝑜 𝒾́𝓉𝓇𝒾𝑜 𝑒 𝑜 𝑒𝓈𝒸𝒶̂𝓃𝒹𝒾𝑜. ℰ𝓂 𝑔𝑒𝓇𝒶𝓁, 𝑒𝓈𝓉𝑒𝓈 𝓂𝒶𝓉𝑒𝓇𝒾𝒶𝒾𝓈 𝓈𝒶̃𝑜 𝓅𝓇𝑜𝒹𝓊𝓏𝒾𝒹𝑜𝓈 𝑒𝓂 𝓂𝓊𝒾𝓉𝑜 𝓅𝑒𝓆𝓊𝑒𝓃𝒶 𝓆𝓊𝒶𝓃𝓉𝒾𝒹𝒶𝒹𝑒 (𝓅𝑜𝓇 𝓋𝑒𝓏𝑒𝓈 𝑒𝓈𝒸𝒶𝓈𝓈𝒶𝓈 𝓉𝑜𝓃𝑒𝓁𝒶𝒹𝒶𝓈), 𝓂𝓊𝒾𝓉𝑜 𝓁𝑜𝓃𝑔𝑒 𝒹𝒶 𝓅𝓇𝑜𝒹𝓊𝒸̧𝒶̃𝑜 𝒹𝑒 𝒸𝑜𝒷𝓇𝑒, 𝓅𝑜𝓇 𝑒𝓍𝑒𝓂𝓅𝓁𝑜 – 𝓅𝓇𝑜𝒹𝓊𝓏𝑒𝓂-𝓈𝑒 𝟷𝟻 𝓂𝒾𝓁𝒽𝑜̃𝑒𝓈 𝒹𝑒 𝓉𝑜𝓃𝑒𝓁𝒶𝒹𝒶𝓈 𝒹𝑒 𝒸𝑜𝒷𝓇𝑒 𝒶𝓃𝓊𝒶𝓁𝓂𝑒𝓃𝓉𝑒. 𝒫𝒶𝓇𝒶 𝓈𝑒 𝓉𝑒𝓇 𝓊𝓂𝒶 𝒾𝒹𝑒𝒾𝒶 𝒹𝑜 𝓆𝓊𝑒 𝒻𝒶𝓁𝒶𝓂𝑜𝓈, 𝒶𝓁𝑔𝓊𝓂𝒶𝓈 𝒹𝒶𝓈 𝓂𝒶𝓉𝑒́𝓇𝒾𝒶𝓈 𝓇𝒶𝓇𝒶𝓈 𝒶𝓉𝒾𝓃𝑔𝑒𝓂 𝓊𝓂 𝓅𝓇𝑒𝒸̧𝑜 𝓈𝓊𝓅𝑒𝓇𝒾𝑜𝓇 𝒶𝑜 𝒹𝑜 𝑜𝓊𝓇𝑜 (𝟻𝟶 𝓂𝒾𝓁 𝑜𝓊 𝓂𝒶𝒾𝓈 𝑒𝓊𝓇𝑜𝓈 𝓅𝑜𝓇 𝓆𝓊𝒾𝓁𝑜).

𝒫𝒶𝓇𝓉𝑒 𝒹𝑒𝓈𝓉𝑒𝓈 𝓂𝒶𝓉𝑒𝓇𝒾𝒶𝒾𝓈 𝓈𝒶̃𝑜 𝒸𝑜𝓃𝓈𝒾𝒹𝑒𝓇𝒶𝒹𝑜𝓈 𝒸𝓇𝒾́𝓉𝒾𝒸𝑜𝓈 𝓅𝒶𝓇𝒶 𝒶 𝒰ℰ 𝒹𝑒𝓋𝒾𝒹𝑜 𝒶̀ “𝓋𝓊𝓁𝓃𝑒𝓇𝒶𝒷𝒾𝓁𝒾𝒹𝒶𝒹𝑒 𝒹𝑜 𝒶𝒷𝒶𝓈𝓉𝑒𝒸𝒾𝓂𝑒𝓃𝓉𝑜”, 𝑜𝓊 𝓈𝑒𝒿𝒶, 𝓋𝑒𝑒𝓂 𝒹𝑒 𝓅𝒶𝒾́𝓈𝑒𝓈 𝑜𝓃𝒹𝑒 𝒽𝒶́ 𝒸𝑜𝓃𝒻𝓁𝒾𝓉𝑜𝓈 𝑒 𝑔𝓊𝑒𝓇𝓇𝒶𝓈, 𝒽𝒶́ 𝓂𝑜𝓃𝑜𝓅𝑜́𝓁𝒾𝑜𝓈, 𝑜𝓊 𝓅𝑜𝓇 𝒻𝒶𝓉𝑜𝓇𝑒𝓈 𝒶𝓂𝒷𝒾𝑒𝓃𝓉𝒶𝒾𝓈. 𝒪 𝑔𝓇𝒶𝓊 𝒹𝑒 𝓋𝓊𝓁𝓃𝑒𝓇𝒶𝒷𝒾𝓁𝒾𝒹𝒶𝒹𝑒 𝑒́ 𝒶𝒾𝓃𝒹𝒶 𝒹𝑒𝒻𝒾𝓃𝒾𝒹𝑜 𝓅𝑒𝓁𝑜 𝑔𝓇𝒶𝓊 𝒹𝑒 𝓃𝑒𝒸𝑒𝓈𝓈𝒾𝒹𝒶𝒹𝑒 𝓃𝒶𝓈 𝒾𝓃𝒹𝓊́𝓈𝓉𝓇𝒾𝒶𝓈 𝓂𝒶𝒾𝓈 𝓁𝓊𝒸𝓇𝒶𝓉𝒾𝓋𝒶𝓈. ℰ́ 𝑜 𝒸𝒶𝓈𝑜 𝒹𝒶𝓈 𝓉𝑒𝓇𝓇𝒶𝓈 𝓇𝒶𝓇𝒶𝓈, 𝒹𝑜 𝒸𝓇𝑜́𝓂𝒾𝑜, 𝓉𝓊𝓃𝑔𝓈𝓉𝑒́𝓃𝒾𝑜, 𝒶𝓃𝓉𝒾𝓂𝑜́𝓃𝒾𝑜, 𝒾́𝓃𝒹𝒾𝑜, 𝓃𝒾𝑜́𝒷𝒾𝑜, 𝑔𝒶́𝓁𝒾𝑜, 𝓈𝒾𝓁𝒾́𝒸𝒾𝑜, 𝑔𝓇𝒶𝒻𝒾𝓉𝑒, 𝓂𝒶𝑔𝓃𝑒𝓈𝒾𝓉𝑒, 𝒶𝓃𝓉𝒾𝓂𝑜́𝓃𝒾𝑜, 𝑒𝓃𝓉𝓇𝑒 𝑜𝓊𝓉𝓇𝑜𝓈. 𝒜 𝓅𝓇𝑜𝒹𝓊𝒸̧𝒶̃𝑜 𝒹𝑒𝓈𝓉𝒶𝓈 𝓂𝒶𝓉𝑒́𝓇𝒾𝒶𝓈-𝓅𝓇𝒾𝓂𝒶𝓈 𝑒𝓈𝓉𝒶́ 𝓂𝓊𝒾𝓉𝑜 𝒸𝑜𝓃𝒸𝑒𝓃𝓉𝓇𝒶𝒹𝒶 𝑒𝓂 𝓅𝑜𝓊𝒸𝑜𝓈 𝓅𝒶𝒾́𝓈𝑒𝓈, 𝒸𝑜𝓂 𝒶 𝒞𝒽𝒾𝓃𝒶 𝒶̀ 𝒸𝒶𝒷𝑒𝒸̧𝒶, 𝒶 ℛ𝓊́𝓈𝓈𝒾𝒶 (𝑔𝓇𝓊𝓅𝑜 𝒹𝒶𝓈 𝓅𝓁𝒶𝓉𝒾𝓃𝒶𝓈) 𝒜́𝒻𝓇𝒾𝒸𝒶 𝒹𝑜 𝒮𝓊𝓁, ℬ𝓇𝒶𝓈𝒾𝓁, 𝒯𝓊𝓇𝓆𝓊𝒾𝒶, 𝒞𝑜𝓃𝑔𝑜, ℰ𝓈𝓉𝒶𝒹𝑜𝓈 𝒰𝓃𝒾𝒹𝑜𝓈 𝑒 𝒞𝒶𝓏𝒶𝓆𝓊𝒾𝓈𝓉𝒶̃𝑜.

𝒜𝓈 𝓉𝑒𝓇𝓇𝒶𝓈 𝓇𝒶𝓇𝒶𝓈 (𝑜 𝒸𝑜𝓃𝒿𝓊𝓃𝓉𝑜 𝒹𝑒 𝟷𝟽 𝓂𝒶𝓉𝑒𝓇𝒾𝒶𝒾𝓈) 𝓃𝒶̃𝑜 𝓈𝒶̃𝑜 𝓇𝒶𝓇𝒶𝓈 𝓅𝑒𝓁𝒶 𝓆𝓊𝒶𝓃𝓉𝒾𝒹𝒶𝒹𝑒 𝑒𝓂 𝓆𝓊𝑒 𝑜𝒸𝑜𝓇𝓇𝑒𝓂, 𝒶𝓅𝑒𝓃𝒶𝓈 𝓅𝑒𝓁𝒶𝓈 𝓃𝑒𝒸𝑒𝓈𝓈𝒾𝒹𝒶𝒹𝑒𝓈 𝓂𝓊𝓃𝒹𝒾𝒶𝒾𝓈 𝑒 𝒸𝑜𝓃𝒸𝑒𝓃𝓉𝓇𝒶𝒸̧𝒶̃𝑜 𝑒𝓂 𝓅𝑜𝓊𝒸𝑜𝓈 𝓅𝒶𝒾́𝓈𝑒𝓈. 𝒮𝒶̃𝑜 𝒶𝓅𝓁𝒾𝒸𝒶𝒹𝒶𝓈 𝓃𝑜𝓈 𝒾́𝓂𝒶𝓃𝑒𝓈 𝒹𝒶𝓈 𝑒𝑜́𝓁𝒾𝒸𝒶𝓈, 𝓅𝒶𝒾𝓃𝑒́𝒾𝓈 𝓈𝑜𝓁𝒶𝓇𝑒𝓈, 𝓁𝒶̂𝓂𝓅𝒶𝒹𝒶𝓈 𝒹𝑒 𝒷𝒶𝒾𝓍𝑜 𝒸𝑜𝓃𝓈𝓊𝓂𝑜, 𝒷𝒶𝓉𝑒𝓇𝒾𝒶𝓈 𝒹𝑜𝓈 𝒸𝒶𝓇𝓇𝑜𝓈 𝑒𝓁𝑒́𝓉𝓇𝒾𝒸𝑜𝓈, 𝒸𝒶𝓉𝒶𝓁𝒾𝓈𝒶𝒹𝑜𝓇𝑒𝓈, 𝓁𝒶𝓈𝑒𝓇𝓈, 𝓂𝒾́𝓈𝓈𝑒𝒾𝓈, 𝑜́𝒸𝓊𝓁𝑜𝓈 𝒹𝑒 𝓋𝒾𝓈𝒶̃𝑜 𝓃𝑜𝓉𝓊𝓇𝓃𝒶, 𝒾𝓃𝒹𝓊́𝓈𝓉𝓇𝒾𝒶 𝒶𝑒𝓇𝑜𝓃𝒶́𝓊𝓉𝒾𝒸𝒶, 𝒶𝓅𝒶𝓇𝑒𝓁𝒽𝑜𝓈 𝓂𝑒́𝒹𝒾𝒸𝑜𝓈 𝒹𝑒 𝒹𝒾𝒶𝑔𝓃𝑜́𝓈𝓉𝒾𝒸𝑜, 𝓈𝓊𝒷𝓂𝒶𝓇𝒾𝓃𝑜𝓈. 𝒮𝑒𝓂 𝑒𝓁𝑒𝓈 𝓃𝒶̃𝑜 𝒽𝒶́ “𝓉𝓇𝒶𝓃𝓈𝒾𝒸̧𝒶̃𝑜 𝑒𝓃𝑒𝓇𝑔𝑒́𝓉𝒾𝒸𝒶”. 𝒜𝓈 𝓇𝑒𝓈𝑒𝓇𝓋𝒶𝓈 𝓂𝓊𝓃𝒹𝒾𝒶𝒾𝓈 𝑒𝓈𝓉𝒾𝓂𝒶𝓂-𝓈𝑒 𝑒𝓂 𝟷𝟸𝟺 𝓂𝒾𝓁𝒽𝑜̃𝑒𝓈 𝒹𝑒 𝓉𝑜𝓃𝑒𝓁𝒶𝒹𝒶𝓈, 𝒹𝒶𝓈 𝓆𝓊𝒶𝒾𝓈 𝟺𝟺 𝓂𝒾𝓁𝒽𝑜̃𝑒𝓈 𝑒𝓈𝓉𝒶̃𝑜 𝓃𝒶 𝒞𝒽𝒾𝓃𝒶, 𝟸𝟸 𝓂𝒾𝓁𝒽𝑜̃𝑒𝓈 𝓃𝑜 𝒱𝒾𝑒𝓉𝓃𝒶𝓂𝑒, 𝟸𝟸 𝓂𝒾𝓁𝒽𝑜̃𝑒𝓈 𝓃𝑜 ℬ𝓇𝒶𝓈𝒾𝓁, 𝟷𝟸 𝓂𝒾𝓁𝒽𝑜̃𝑒𝓈 𝓃𝒶 ℛ𝓊́𝓈𝓈𝒾𝒶 𝑒 𝟼 𝓂𝒾𝓁𝒽𝑜̃𝑒𝓈 𝓃𝒶 ℐ́𝓃𝒹𝒾𝒶. ℛ𝑒𝒸𝑜𝓇𝒹𝑜 𝓆𝓊𝑒 𝒹𝑒𝓈𝓉𝑒𝓈 𝒸𝒾𝓃𝒸𝑜 𝓅𝒶𝒾́𝓈𝑒𝓈, 𝓆𝓊𝒶𝓉𝓇𝑜 𝒶𝒷𝓈𝓉𝒾𝓋𝑒𝓇𝒶𝓂-𝓈𝑒 𝒹𝑒 𝒸𝑜𝓃𝒹𝑒𝓃𝒶𝓇 𝒶 𝒾𝓃𝓋𝒶𝓈𝒶̃𝑜 𝓇𝓊𝓈𝓈𝒶, 𝓈𝑜́ 𝑜 ℬ𝓇𝒶𝓈𝒾𝓁 𝓋𝑜𝓉𝑜𝓊 𝒶 𝒻𝒶𝓋𝑜𝓇. 𝒜 𝒞𝒽𝒾𝓃𝒶 𝒹𝑒𝓉𝑒́𝓂 𝓃𝒶̃𝑜 𝓈𝑜́ 𝒶𝓈 𝓂𝒶𝒾𝑜𝓇𝑒𝓈 𝓇𝑒𝓈𝑒𝓇𝓋𝒶𝓈, 𝒸𝑜𝓂𝑜 𝓅𝓇𝑜𝒹𝓊𝓏 𝒶𝓉𝓊𝒶𝓁𝓂𝑒𝓃𝓉𝑒 𝟿𝟶% 𝒹𝒶𝓈 𝓉𝑒𝓇𝓇𝒶𝓈 𝓇𝒶𝓇𝒶𝓈 𝒹𝑜 𝓂𝓊𝓃𝒹𝑜.

𝒜 ℛ𝓊́𝓈𝓈𝒾𝒶 𝑒 𝒶 𝒰𝒸𝓇𝒶̂𝓃𝒾𝒶 𝓅𝓇𝑜𝒹𝓊𝓏𝑒𝓂 𝟸𝟻% 𝒹𝑜 𝓉𝓇𝒾𝑔𝑜 𝓂𝓊𝓃𝒹𝒾𝒶𝓁 𝑒, 𝑒𝓂 𝒶𝓁𝑔𝓊𝓃𝓈, 𝒸𝒶𝓈𝑜𝓈 𝒶 ℛ𝓊́𝓈𝓈𝒾𝒶 𝓂𝑒𝓉𝒶𝒹𝑒 𝒹𝑜𝓈 𝒶𝒹𝓊𝒷𝑜𝓈, 𝑒𝓈𝓈𝑒𝓃𝒸𝒾𝒶𝒾𝓈 𝓅𝒶𝓇𝒶 𝒶 𝓅𝓇𝑜𝒹𝓊𝒸̧𝒶̃𝑜 𝒹𝑒 𝓈𝑜𝒿𝒶 𝓃𝑜 ℬ𝓇𝒶𝓈𝒾𝓁, 𝒸𝒶𝓇𝓃𝑒 𝓃𝒶 𝒜𝓇𝑔𝑒𝓃𝓉𝒾𝓃𝒶, 𝓅𝑜𝓇 𝑒𝓍𝑒𝓂𝓅𝓁𝑜. 𝒜 𝒰ℰ 𝑒́ 𝒹𝑒𝓅𝑒𝓃𝒹𝑒𝓃𝓉𝑒 𝒹𝑜 𝑔𝒶́𝓈 𝑒 𝓅𝑒𝓉𝓇𝑜́𝓁𝑒𝑜 𝓇𝓊𝓈𝓈𝑜𝓈. 𝒜 𝓈𝓊𝒷𝓈𝓉𝒾𝓉𝓊𝒾𝒸̧𝒶̃𝑜 𝒹𝑜 𝑔𝒶́𝓈 𝒹𝒶 ℛ𝓊́𝓈𝓈𝒾𝒶 𝓅𝑒𝓁𝑜 𝑔𝒶́𝓈 𝒹𝑜𝓈 ℰ𝒰𝒜 𝓉𝑒𝓂 𝒸𝓊𝓈𝓉𝑜𝓈 𝓂𝒶𝓉𝑒𝓇𝒾𝒶𝒾𝓈 𝑒 𝑒𝒸𝑜𝓁𝑜́𝑔𝒾𝒸𝑜𝓈 𝒾𝓃𝓈𝓊𝓅𝑜𝓇𝓉𝒶́𝓋𝑒𝒾𝓈 (𝓃𝒶 𝓅𝓇𝑜𝒹𝓊𝒸̧𝒶̃𝑜, 𝓅𝑜𝓇𝓆𝓊𝑒 𝓅𝒶𝓇𝓉𝑒 𝑒𝓂 𝒻𝓇𝒶𝒸𝓀𝒾𝓃𝑔; 𝓃𝒶 𝓁𝒾𝓆𝓊𝑒𝒻𝒶𝒸𝒸̧𝒶̃𝑜, 𝑔𝒶𝓈𝑒𝒾𝒻𝒾𝒸𝒶𝒸̧𝒶̃𝑜, 𝓉𝓇𝒶𝓃𝓈𝒻𝑒𝓇, 𝓉𝓇𝒶𝓃𝓈𝓅𝑜𝓇𝓉𝑒). 𝒫𝒶𝓇𝒶 𝓁𝒾𝓆𝓊𝑒𝒻𝒶𝓏𝑒𝓇 𝑜 𝑔𝒶́𝓈 𝓃𝑜𝓇𝓉𝑒-𝒶𝓂𝑒𝓇𝒾𝒸𝒶𝓃𝑜 𝑒 𝓉𝓇𝒶𝓃𝓈𝓅𝑜𝓇𝓉𝒶́-𝓁𝑜 𝑒́ 𝓃𝑒𝒸𝑒𝓈𝓈𝒶́𝓇𝒾𝑜 𝒶𝓇𝓇𝑒𝒻𝑒𝒸𝑒̂-𝓁𝑜 𝒶 𝟷𝟼𝟸 𝑔𝓇𝒶𝓊𝓈 𝒞𝑒𝓁𝓈𝒾𝓊𝓈, 𝒸𝑜𝓂 𝓊𝓂 𝒷𝓇𝓊𝓉𝒶𝓁 𝑔𝒶𝓈𝓉𝑜 𝒹𝑒 𝑒𝓃𝑒𝓇𝑔𝒾𝒶 𝑒 𝓅𝑜𝓁𝓊𝒾𝒸̧𝒶̃𝑜. 𝒪𝓈 𝑔𝒶𝓈𝑜𝒹𝓊𝓉𝑜𝓈 𝑒𝓈𝓉𝒶̃𝑜 𝒸𝑜𝓃𝓈𝓉𝓇𝓊𝒾́𝒹𝑜𝓈 𝒹𝑒 𝓁𝑒𝓈𝓉𝑒 𝓅𝒶𝓇𝒶 𝑜𝑒𝓈𝓉𝑒 𝑒 𝓇𝒶𝓂𝒾𝒻𝒾𝒸𝒶𝓂-𝓈𝑒 𝓆𝓊𝒶𝓃𝒹𝑜 𝑒𝓃𝓉𝓇𝒶𝓂 𝒹𝑒𝓃𝓉𝓇𝑜 𝒹𝑒 𝒸𝒶𝒹𝒶 𝓅𝒶𝒾́𝓈, 𝒾𝓃𝓋𝑒𝓇𝓉𝑒𝓇 𝒾𝓈𝓉𝑜 𝓉𝑒𝓂 𝒸𝓊𝓈𝓉𝑜𝓈 𝒶𝓈𝓉𝓇𝑜𝓃𝑜́𝓂𝒾𝒸𝑜𝓈. ℰ́ 𝒸𝑜𝓂𝑜 𝓊𝓂𝒶 𝒷𝒶𝓇𝓇𝒶𝑔𝑒𝓂 𝓅𝒶𝓇𝒶 𝓊𝓂 𝓇𝑒𝑔𝒶𝒹𝒾𝑜 𝑒 𝓃𝒶̃𝑜 𝑜 𝒸𝑜𝓃𝓉𝓇𝒶́𝓇𝒾𝑜. 𝒜 𝒶𝓃𝓊𝓃𝒸𝒾𝒶𝒹𝒶 𝓋𝑒𝓃𝒹𝒶 𝒹𝑜𝓈 ℰ𝒰𝒜 𝒶̀ 𝒰ℰ 𝓆𝓊𝑒 𝒻𝑒𝓏 𝓇𝑒𝓁𝓊𝓏𝒾𝓇 ℬ𝒾𝒹𝑒𝓃 𝓃𝒶̃𝑜 𝒸𝑜𝒷𝓇𝑒 𝓃𝑒𝓂 𝟷𝟶% 𝒹𝑜 𝓆𝓊𝑒 𝒶 ℰ𝒰 𝒾𝓂𝓅𝑜𝓇𝓉𝒶 𝑒𝓈𝓉𝑒 𝒶𝓃𝑜 𝒹𝒶 ℛ𝓊́𝓈𝓈𝒾𝒶. 𝒜𝓁𝑒́𝓂 𝒹𝒾𝓈𝓈𝑜, 𝒶 𝒾𝓂𝒶𝒸𝓊𝓁𝒶𝒹𝒶 𝒩𝑜𝓇𝓊𝑒𝑔𝒶, 𝒸𝑜𝓂 𝑜 𝓅𝒶𝓇𝓆𝓊𝑒 𝒶𝓊𝓉𝑜𝓂𝑜́𝓋𝑒𝓁 𝓂𝒶𝒾𝓈 𝑒𝓁𝑒𝓉𝓇𝒾𝒻𝒾𝒸𝒶𝒹𝑜 𝒹𝑜 𝓂𝓊𝓃𝒹𝑜, 𝓉𝑒𝓂 𝒸𝑜𝓂𝑜 𝒸𝑜𝓃𝓉𝓇𝒶𝓅𝑜𝓃𝓉𝑜 𝒶 𝒸𝒾𝒹𝒶𝒹𝑒 𝒹𝑒 𝒜𝓃𝓉𝑜𝒻𝒶𝑔𝒶𝓈𝓉𝒶, 𝓃𝑜 𝒞𝒽𝒾𝓁𝑒, 𝓆𝓊𝑒 𝑒𝓍𝓅𝑜𝓇𝓉𝒶 𝓂𝒾𝓃𝑒́𝓇𝒾𝑜𝓈 𝓅𝒶𝓇𝒶 𝒶𝓈 𝓁𝒾𝓂𝓅𝒶𝓈 “𝑒𝒸𝑜𝓃𝑜𝓂𝒾𝒶𝓈 𝓋𝑒𝓇𝒹𝑒𝓈” 𝑒 𝓆𝓊𝑒 𝓉𝑒𝓂 𝓊𝓂𝒶 𝒹𝒶𝓈 𝓉𝒶𝓍𝒶𝓈 𝒹𝑒 𝒸𝒶𝓃𝒸𝓇𝑜 𝓇𝑒𝓈𝓅𝒾𝓇𝒶𝓉𝑜́𝓇𝒾𝑜 𝓂𝒶𝒾𝓈 𝒶𝓁𝓉𝒶𝓈 𝒹𝑜 𝓂𝓊𝓃𝒹𝑜 (𝟷𝟶%).

𝒪𝓈 𝓈𝑒𝒾𝓈 𝓂𝑒𝓉𝒶𝒾𝓈 𝒾𝓃𝒹𝓊𝓈𝓉𝓇𝒾𝒶𝒾𝓈 𝓂𝒶𝒾𝓈 𝓅𝓇𝑜𝒹𝓊𝓏𝒾𝒹𝑜𝓈 𝓃𝑜 𝓂𝓊𝓃𝒹𝑜 𝓈𝒶̃𝑜 𝑜 𝒻𝑒𝓇𝓇𝑜, 𝒶𝓁𝓊𝓂𝒾́𝓃𝒾𝑜, 𝒸𝓇𝑜́𝓂𝒾𝑜, 𝒸𝑜𝒷𝓇𝑒, 𝓂𝒶𝓃𝑔𝒶𝓃𝑒́𝓈 𝑒 𝓏𝒾𝓃𝒸𝑜 𝑒 𝓈𝒶̃𝑜 𝒻𝓊𝓃𝒹𝒶𝓂𝑒𝓃𝓉𝒶𝓁𝓂𝑒𝓃𝓉𝑒 𝓅𝓇𝑜𝒹𝓊𝓏𝒾𝒹𝑜𝓈 𝓃𝒶 𝒞𝒽𝒾𝓃𝒶, ℛ𝓊́𝓈𝓈𝒾𝒶, ℐ́𝓃𝒹𝒾𝒶, ℬ𝓇𝒶𝓈𝒾𝓁, ℰ𝒰𝒜, 𝒞𝒶𝓃𝒶𝒹𝒶́, 𝒜𝓊𝓈𝓉𝓇𝒶́𝓁𝒾𝒶, 𝒜́𝒻𝓇𝒾𝒸𝒶 𝒹𝑜 𝒮𝓊𝓁, 𝒞𝒶𝓏𝒶𝓆𝓊𝒾𝓈𝓉𝒶̃𝑜 𝑒 𝒯𝓊𝓇𝓆𝓊𝒾𝒶. 𝒩𝑒𝓃𝒽𝓊𝓂 𝓅𝒶𝒾́𝓈 𝑒𝓊𝓇𝑜𝓅𝑒𝓊. 𝒪 𝓊𝓇𝒶̂𝓃𝒾𝑜, 𝑒𝓈𝓈𝑒𝓃𝒸𝒾𝒶𝓁 𝓅𝒶𝓇𝒶 𝒶 𝑒𝓃𝑒𝓇𝑔𝒾𝒶 𝓃𝓊𝒸𝓁𝑒𝒶𝓇, 𝓆𝓊𝑒 𝒶 𝒰ℰ 𝒹𝑒𝒻𝑒𝓃𝒹𝑒 𝒸𝑜𝓂𝑜 𝒶𝓁𝓉𝑒𝓇𝓃𝒶𝓉𝒾𝓋𝒶, 𝓉𝑒𝓂 𝓃𝑜 𝒞𝒶𝓏𝒶𝓆𝓊𝒾𝓈𝓉𝒶̃𝑜 𝟺𝟹% 𝒹𝒶𝓈 𝓇𝑒𝓈𝑒𝓇𝓋𝒶𝓈 𝓂𝓊𝓃𝒹𝒾𝒶𝒾𝓈.

𝒰𝓂𝒶 𝒸𝓊𝓇𝒾𝑜𝓈𝒾𝒹𝒶𝒹𝑒: 𝒸𝒶𝒹𝒶 𝓉𝑒𝓁𝑒𝓂𝑜́𝓋𝑒𝓁 𝒸𝑜𝓃𝓉𝑒́𝓂 𝟼𝟻 𝒶 𝟽𝟶 𝓂𝒶𝓉𝑒𝓇𝒾𝒶𝒾𝓈 𝒹𝒾𝒻𝑒𝓇𝑒𝓃𝓉𝑒𝓈, 𝓅𝒶𝓇𝓉𝑒 𝒹𝑒𝓁𝑒𝓈 𝓇𝒶𝓇𝑜𝓈, 𝑒𝓃𝓉𝓇𝑒 𝑜𝓈 𝓆𝓊𝒶𝒾𝓈 𝑜𝒾𝓉𝑜 “𝓉𝑒𝓇𝓇𝒶𝓈 𝓇𝒶𝓇𝒶𝓈”; 𝒸𝒶𝒹𝒶 𝒸𝒶𝓇𝓇𝑜 𝑒𝓁𝑒́𝓉𝓇𝒾𝒸𝑜 𝓉𝑒𝓂 𝑒𝓃𝓉𝓇𝑒 𝓃𝑜𝓋𝑒 𝑒 𝟷𝟷 𝓆𝓊𝒾𝓁𝑜𝓈 𝒹𝑒 “𝓉𝑒𝓇𝓇𝒶𝓈 𝓇𝒶𝓇𝒶𝓈”; 𝒸𝒶𝒹𝒶 𝓊𝓂 𝒹𝑜𝓈 𝑔𝓇𝒶𝓃𝒹𝑒𝓈 𝒶𝑒𝓇𝑜 𝑔𝑒𝓇𝒶𝒹𝑜𝓇𝑒𝓈 𝓅𝓇𝑒𝒸𝒾𝓈𝒶 𝒹𝑒 𝓊𝓂𝒶 𝓉𝑜𝓃𝑒𝓁𝒶𝒹𝒶 𝒹𝑒 𝓂𝑒𝓉𝒶𝒾𝓈 𝓇𝒶𝓇𝑜𝓈.

𝒪 ℳ𝑒́𝒹𝒾𝑜 𝒪𝓇𝒾𝑒𝓃𝓉𝑒 𝑒𝓈𝓉𝒶́ 𝒹𝑒𝓋𝒶𝓈𝓉𝒶𝒹𝑜 𝓅𝑜𝓇 𝓈𝑒𝓇 𝒶𝓁𝓋𝑜 𝒹𝒶 𝒹𝒾𝓈𝓅𝓊𝓉𝒶 𝓅𝑒𝓁𝑜 𝓅𝑒𝓉𝓇𝑜́𝓁𝑒𝑜, 𝑜 𝒩𝑜𝓇𝓉𝑒 𝒹𝑒 𝒜́𝒻𝓇𝒾𝒸𝒶, 𝒹𝑜 𝑔𝒶́𝓈, 𝒶 𝒩𝒾𝑔𝑒́𝓇𝒾𝒶, 𝒹𝑜 𝓅𝑒𝓉𝓇𝑜́𝓁𝑒𝑜, 𝒶 𝑔𝓊𝑒𝓇𝓇𝒶 𝒹𝑒 𝒞𝒶𝒷𝑜 𝒟𝑒𝓁𝑔𝒶𝒹𝑜 𝑒́ 𝓅𝑜𝓇 𝑒𝓈𝓉𝑒𝓈 𝓇𝑒𝒸𝓊𝓇𝓈𝑜𝓈, 𝒶 𝒹𝑜 ℐ𝑒́𝓂𝑒𝓃 𝑒 𝒹𝑜 ℛ𝓊𝒶𝓃𝒹𝒶 𝓉𝒶𝓂𝒷𝑒́𝓂 𝒻𝑜𝒾. ℋ𝒶́ 𝓃𝑜 𝓂𝓊𝓃𝒹𝑜 𝟾𝟸 𝓂𝒾𝓁𝒽𝑜̃𝑒𝓈 𝒹𝑒 𝓇𝑒𝒻𝓊𝑔𝒾𝒶𝒹𝑜𝓈, 𝒶 𝒻𝓊𝑔𝒾𝓇 𝒹𝒶𝓈 𝑔𝓊𝑒𝓇𝓇𝒶𝓈 𝒹𝑒𝓈𝓉𝒶 𝒹𝒾𝓈𝓅𝓊𝓉𝒶 𝓂𝓊𝓃𝒹𝒾𝒶𝓁. ℋ𝑜𝒿𝑒, 𝓉𝓊𝒹𝑜 𝒾𝓃𝒹𝒾𝒸𝒶 𝓆𝓊𝑒 𝒶 𝒰𝒸𝓇𝒶̂𝓃𝒾𝒶 𝑒́ 𝑜 𝓅𝒶𝓁𝒸𝑜 𝒹𝑒 𝑔𝓊𝑒𝓇𝓇𝒶 𝓅𝑜𝓇 𝓊𝓂𝒶 𝓇𝑒𝒹𝑒𝒻𝒾𝓃𝒾𝒸̧𝒶̃𝑜 𝒹𝑜𝓈 𝒷𝓁𝑜𝒸𝑜𝓈 𝑒𝒸𝑜𝓃𝑜́𝓂𝒾𝒸𝑜𝓈 𝑒 𝓂𝒾𝓁𝒾𝓉𝒶𝓇𝑒𝓈, 𝑒𝓂 𝓆𝓊𝑒 𝒶 𝒹𝒾𝓈𝓅𝓊𝓉𝒶 𝒹𝑒𝓈𝓉𝒶𝓈 𝓂𝒶𝓉𝑒́𝓇𝒾𝒶𝓈-𝓅𝓇𝒾𝓂𝒶𝓈 𝒶̀ 𝑒𝓈𝒸𝒶𝓁𝒶 𝓂𝓊𝓃𝒹𝒾𝒶𝓁 𝑒́ 𝑒𝓈𝓈𝑒𝓃𝒸𝒾𝒶𝓁 𝓅𝒶𝓇𝒶 𝓊𝓂𝒶 𝑒𝒸𝑜𝓃𝑜𝓂𝒾𝒶 𝒷𝒶𝓈𝑒𝒶𝒹𝒶 𝓃𝑜 𝓁𝓊𝒸𝓇𝑜 𝑒 𝓃𝒶̃𝑜 𝓃𝒶𝓈 𝓃𝑒𝒸𝑒𝓈𝓈𝒾𝒹𝒶𝒹𝑒𝓈 𝒹𝒶 𝓋𝒾𝒹𝒶.

𝒜 𝓊́𝓃𝒾𝒸𝒶 𝑒𝒸𝑜𝓃𝑜𝓂𝒾𝒶 𝓋𝑒𝓇𝒹𝑒 𝓈𝓊𝓈𝓉𝑒𝓃𝓉𝒶́𝓋𝑒𝓁 𝓈𝑒𝓇𝒾𝒶 𝒶 𝓇𝑒𝒹𝓊𝒸̧𝒶̃𝑜 𝒹𝑜 𝒽𝑜𝓇𝒶́𝓇𝒾𝑜 𝒹𝑒 𝓉𝓇𝒶𝒷𝒶𝓁𝒽𝑜 𝓈𝑒𝓂 𝓇𝑒𝒹𝓊𝒸̧𝒶̃𝑜 𝓈𝒶𝓁𝒶𝓇𝒾𝒶𝓁, 𝑒𝓃𝒸𝑒𝓇𝓇𝒶𝓂𝑒𝓃𝓉𝑜 𝒹𝑒 𝒻𝒶́𝒷𝓇𝒾𝒸𝒶𝓈 𝒶̀ 𝓃𝑜𝒾𝓉𝑒, 𝓂𝑒𝓁𝒽𝑜𝓇𝑒𝓈 𝓇𝑒𝓁𝒶𝒸̧𝑜̃𝑒𝓈 𝒸𝒾𝒹𝒶𝒹𝑒/𝒸𝒶𝓂𝓅𝑜, 𝒻𝒾𝓂 𝒹𝒶 𝑒𝓈𝓅𝑒𝒸𝓊𝓁𝒶𝒸̧𝒶̃𝑜 𝒾𝓂𝑜𝒷𝒾𝓁𝒾𝒶́𝓇𝒾𝒶, 𝓂𝑒𝓁𝒽𝑜𝓇𝑒𝓈 𝓉𝓇𝒶𝓃𝓈𝓅𝑜𝓇𝓉𝑒𝓈 𝓅𝓊́𝒷𝓁𝒾𝒸𝑜𝓈, 𝓉𝑒𝓂𝓅𝑜 𝒹𝑒 𝓁𝒶𝓏𝑒𝓇, 𝒻𝒾𝓂 𝒹𝒶 𝑜𝒷𝓈𝑜𝓁𝑒𝓈𝒸𝑒̂𝓃𝒸𝒾𝒶 𝓅𝓇𝑜𝑔𝓇𝒶𝓂𝒶𝒹𝒶. ℰ𝓂 𝓋𝑒𝓏 𝒹𝒾𝓈𝓈𝑜, 𝒻𝒶́𝒷𝓇𝒾𝒸𝒶𝓈 𝓁𝒶𝒷𝑜𝓇𝒶𝓂 𝓃𝑜𝒾𝓉𝑒 𝒶𝒹𝑒𝓃𝓉𝓇𝑜, 𝓇𝑒𝓉𝒾𝓇𝒶𝓃𝒹𝑜 𝑜 𝓊́𝓁𝓉𝒾𝓂𝑜 𝓈𝑜𝓅𝓇𝑜 𝒹𝑒 𝒻𝑜𝓇𝒸̧𝒶 𝒶𝓃𝒾́𝓂𝒾𝒸𝒶 𝒶𝑜𝓈 𝓂𝒾𝓁𝒽𝑜̃𝑒𝓈 𝒹𝑒 𝓉𝓇𝒶𝒷𝒶𝓁𝒽𝒶𝒹𝑜𝓇𝑒𝓈 𝓆𝓊𝑒 𝓃𝒶 𝒰ℰ, 𝓈𝑒𝓂 𝓆𝓊𝒶𝓁𝓆𝓊𝑒𝓇 𝓃𝑒𝒸𝑒𝓈𝓈𝒾𝒹𝒶𝒹𝑒, 𝓉𝓇𝒶𝒷𝒶𝓁𝒽𝒶𝓂 𝒹𝑒 𝓃𝑜𝒾𝓉𝑒. 𝒪 𝓂𝑜𝒹𝑒𝓁𝑜 𝒹𝑒 𝒶𝒸𝓊𝓂𝓊𝓁𝒶𝒸̧𝒶̃𝑜 𝑒𝓈𝑔𝑜𝓉𝒶 𝑜𝓈 𝓉𝓇𝒶𝒷𝒶𝓁𝒽𝒶𝒹𝑜𝓇𝑒𝓈 𝑒 𝑒𝓈𝑔𝑜𝓉𝒶 𝑜𝓈 𝓇𝑒𝒸𝓊𝓇𝓈𝑜𝓈, 𝑒 𝓁𝑒𝓋𝒶 𝑜 𝓂𝓊𝓃𝒹𝑜 𝓅𝒶𝓇𝒶 𝒶 𝑔𝓊𝑒𝓇𝓇𝒶. ℰ́ 𝒶𝓃𝓉𝒾-𝑒𝒸𝑜𝓁𝑜́𝑔𝒾𝒸𝑜, 𝒸𝑜𝓂 𝑜𝓊 𝓈𝑒𝓂 𝒷𝒶𝓉𝑒𝓇𝒾𝒶𝓈 𝒹𝑒 𝓁𝒾́𝓉𝒾𝑜. 𝒜 𝓂𝒾𝓁𝒾𝓉𝒶𝓇𝒾𝓏𝒶𝒸̧𝒶̃𝑜 𝒹𝒶 𝒰ℰ 𝓈𝑒𝓇𝒾𝒶 𝒶𝓉𝒾𝓇𝒶𝓇 𝑔𝒶𝓈𝑜𝓁𝒾𝓃𝒶 𝓅𝒶𝓇𝒶 𝑒𝓈𝓉𝑒 𝒻𝑜𝑔𝑜. ℰ, 𝒶𝑜 𝒸𝑜𝓃𝓉𝓇𝒶́𝓇𝒾𝑜 𝒹𝑜 𝓆𝓊𝑒 𝓈𝑒 𝓅𝑒𝓃𝓈𝒶, 𝒻𝒶𝓁𝓉𝒶𝓂 𝒷𝑜𝓂𝒷𝑒𝒾𝓇𝑜𝓈 𝓃𝒶 𝒰ℰ.

𝒜 𝒰𝓃𝒾𝒶̃𝑜 ℰ𝓊𝓇𝑜𝓅𝑒𝒾𝒶 𝒶𝓈𝓈𝑒𝑔𝓊𝓇𝒶-𝓃𝑜𝓈 𝓆𝓊𝑒 𝒶 𝓅𝒶𝓏 𝒹𝓊𝓇𝒶𝒹𝑜𝓊𝓇𝒶 𝑒 𝒶 𝑒𝓈𝓉𝒶𝒷𝒾𝓁𝒾𝒹𝒶𝒹𝑒 𝓅𝑜𝓁𝒾́𝓉𝒾𝒸𝒶 𝓃𝑜 𝒸𝑜𝓃𝓉𝒾𝓃𝑒𝓃𝓉𝑒 𝑒 𝓃𝑜 𝓂𝓊𝓃𝒹𝑜 𝓉𝑒̂𝓂 𝒸𝑜𝓂𝑜 𝑒𝓁𝑜 𝒻𝓊𝓁𝒸𝓇𝒶𝓁 𝒹𝑒 𝓂𝑒𝒹𝒾𝒶𝒸̧𝒶̃𝑜 𝒶 𝒰ℰ, 𝓆𝓊𝑒 𝓈𝑒𝓇𝒾𝒶 𝑜 𝓇𝑒𝒹𝓊𝓉𝑜 𝒹𝒶 𝒹𝑒𝓂𝑜𝒸𝓇𝒶𝒸𝒾𝒶 𝑒 𝒹𝑜𝓈 𝒹𝒾𝓇𝑒𝒾𝓉𝑜𝓈 𝒽𝓊𝓂𝒶𝓃𝑜𝓈, 𝓈𝒶𝓁𝓋𝒶𝑔𝓊𝒶𝓇𝒹𝒶𝓃𝒹𝑜 𝑜𝓈 𝓅𝓇𝒾𝓃𝒸𝒾́𝓅𝒾𝑜𝓈 𝒹𝑒 𝓊𝓂 𝓁𝒾𝓋𝓇𝑒 𝓂𝑒𝓇𝒸𝒶𝒹𝑜 𝓇𝑒𝑔𝓊𝓁𝒶𝒹𝑜 𝑒𝓃𝓆𝓊𝒶𝓃𝓉𝑜 𝓊́𝓁𝓉𝒾𝓂𝒶 𝒾𝓃𝓈𝓉𝒶̂𝓃𝒸𝒾𝒶 𝒹𝑒 𝓉𝑜𝒹𝒶 𝑒 𝓆𝓊𝒶𝓁𝓆𝓊𝑒𝓇 𝓁𝒾𝒷𝑒𝓇𝒹𝒶𝒹𝑒. 𝒜𝓈 𝓈𝓊𝒶𝓈 𝓇𝑒𝑔𝓇𝒶𝓈, 𝒶 𝓊𝓂 𝓈𝑜́ 𝓉𝑒𝓂𝓅𝑜, “𝒻𝒾𝓇𝓂𝑒𝓈 𝑒 𝒻𝓁𝑒𝓍𝒾́𝓋𝑒𝒾𝓈.” 𝒪𝓈 𝓈𝑒𝓊𝓈 𝓁𝑒𝒾𝓉𝓂𝑜𝓉𝒾𝒻𝓈 𝒸𝑜𝓂𝒷𝒾𝓃𝒶𝓇𝒾𝒶𝓂 𝒶 𝓈𝑜𝓁𝒾𝒹𝒶𝓇𝒾𝑒𝒹𝒶𝒹𝑒 𝑒 𝒶 𝑒𝒻𝒾𝒸𝒾𝑒̂𝓃𝒸𝒾𝒶. 𝒟𝓊𝓇𝒶𝓃𝓉𝑒 𝟹𝟶 𝒶𝓃𝑜𝓈 𝒶 𝒻𝒾𝑜 – 𝒹𝑒 𝟷𝟿𝟿𝟸 𝒶 𝟸𝟶𝟸𝟸 – 𝓋𝑒𝓃𝒹𝑒𝓇𝒶𝓂 𝑜 𝓅𝑒𝒾𝓍𝑒 𝒹𝒶 𝒸𝒽𝒶𝓂𝒶𝒹𝒶 “𝒞𝓊𝓁𝓉𝓊𝓇𝒶 𝒹𝑒 𝒫𝒶𝓏” 𝒸𝑜𝓂𝑜 𝓅𝓇𝑜𝒹𝓊𝓉𝑜 𝒻𝓇𝑒𝓈𝒸𝑜 𝒹𝒶𝓈 𝒶́𝑔𝓊𝒶𝓈 𝑒𝓊𝓇𝑜𝓅𝑒𝒾𝒶𝓈. ℳ𝒶𝓈 𝒽𝒶́ 𝒶𝓁𝑔𝑜 𝒹𝑒 𝓅𝑜𝒹𝓇𝑒 𝓃𝑒𝓈𝓉𝑒 𝓇𝑒𝒾𝓃𝑜 𝒶𝓇𝓆𝓊𝑒𝓉𝒾́𝓅𝒾𝒸𝑜: 𝒶𝓈 𝒹𝒾𝓈𝓅𝓊𝓉𝒶𝓈 𝓅𝑜𝓇 𝓂𝒶𝓉𝑒́𝓇𝒾𝒶𝓈-𝓅𝓇𝒾𝓂𝒶𝓈, 𝑒 𝑜𝓈 𝓂𝒶𝒾𝑜𝓇𝑒𝓈 𝒸𝑜𝓃𝒻𝓁𝒾𝓉𝑜𝓈 𝒶𝓇𝓂𝒶𝒹𝑜𝓈 𝒹𝑜 𝓂𝓊𝓃𝒹𝑜 𝓃𝒶 𝒽𝒾𝓈𝓉𝑜́𝓇𝒾𝒶 𝒸𝑜𝓃𝓉𝑒𝓂𝓅𝑜𝓇𝒶̂𝓃𝑒𝒶, 𝓉𝒾𝓋𝑒𝓇𝒶𝓂 𝒶 𝓂𝒶̃𝑜 𝒹𝑒 “𝑜𝓁𝒾𝑔𝒶𝓇𝒸𝒶𝓈” 𝑒 ℰ𝓈𝓉𝒶𝒹𝑜𝓈 𝑒𝓊𝓇𝑜𝓅𝑒𝓊𝓈.

𝒜 𝓅𝓇𝒶𝓏𝑜, 𝒸𝓇𝑒𝒾𝑜, 𝓆𝓊𝑒 𝒾𝓇𝑒𝓂𝑜𝓈 𝑜𝓁𝒽𝒶𝓇 𝑒𝓈𝓉𝒶 𝑔𝓊𝑒𝓇𝓇𝒶 – 𝓆𝓊𝑒 𝓅𝑜𝓇𝓋𝑒𝓃𝓉𝓊𝓇𝒶 𝒾𝓇𝒶́ 𝓅𝒶𝓇𝒶𝓇 𝑒𝓂 𝒷𝓇𝑒𝓋𝑒, 𝓂𝒶𝓈 𝓅𝑜𝒹𝑒 𝓉𝑜𝓇𝓃𝒶𝓇-𝓈𝑒 𝓂𝓊𝓃𝒹𝒾𝒶𝓁 𝒹𝑒𝓃𝓉𝓇𝑜 𝒹𝑒 𝓅𝑜𝓊𝒸𝑜𝓈 𝒶𝓃𝑜𝓈 – 𝒸𝑜𝓂𝑜 𝓊𝓂𝒶 𝓉𝑒𝓃𝓉𝒶𝓉𝒾𝓋𝒶 𝒹𝑜𝓈 𝒢𝑜𝓋𝑒𝓇𝓃𝑜𝓈 𝑜𝒸𝒾𝒹𝑒𝓃𝓉𝒶𝒾𝓈 𝒹𝑒 𝓈𝑜𝒸𝑜𝓇𝓇𝑒𝓇𝑒𝓂 𝒶𝓈 𝓈𝓊𝒶𝓈 𝑒𝓂𝓅𝓇𝑒𝓈𝒶𝓈 𝓅𝒶𝓇𝒶 𝓉𝑒𝓃𝓉𝒶𝓇𝑒𝓂 𝓈𝒶𝒾𝓇 𝒹𝒶 𝒸𝓇𝒾𝓈𝑒 𝑒𝓈𝓉𝓇𝓊𝓉𝓊𝓇𝒶𝓁 𝒹𝑒 𝒶𝒸𝓊𝓂𝓊𝓁𝒶𝒸̧𝒶̃𝑜. 𝒞𝓇𝒾𝓈𝑒 𝓅𝓇𝑜𝓋𝑜𝒸𝒶𝒹𝒶 𝓅𝑒𝓁𝒶 𝒾𝓃𝓉𝑒𝓃𝓈𝒾𝒻𝒾𝒸𝒶𝒸̧𝒶̃𝑜 𝒹𝒶 𝒸𝑜𝓃𝒸𝑜𝓇𝓇𝑒̂𝓃𝒸𝒾𝒶 𝓃𝒶 𝑔𝓁𝑜𝒷𝒶𝓁𝒾𝓏𝒶𝒸̧𝒶̃𝑜, 𝒶𝓋𝒶𝓃𝒸̧𝒶𝓃𝒹𝑜 𝓅𝒶𝓇𝒶 𝒶 𝑒𝓍𝓅𝓁𝑜𝓇𝒶𝒸̧𝒶̃𝑜 𝒹𝒾𝓇𝑒𝓉𝒶, 𝓈𝑒𝓂 𝒾𝓃𝓉𝑒𝓇𝓂𝑒𝒹𝒾𝒶́𝓇𝒾𝑜𝓈, 𝒹𝑒 𝓂𝒶𝓉𝑒́𝓇𝒾𝒶𝓈-𝓅𝓇𝒾𝓂𝒶𝓈 𝒹𝒶 ℛ𝓊́𝓈𝓈𝒾𝒶, 𝑒 𝓅𝒶𝓇𝒶 𝒶 𝒹𝒾𝓈𝓅𝓊𝓉𝒶 𝒸𝑜𝓂 𝒶 𝒞𝒽𝒾𝓃𝒶 𝒹𝑒𝓈𝓉𝒶𝓈 𝓂𝒶𝓉𝑒́𝓇𝒾𝒶𝓈 𝑒 𝓂𝑒𝓇𝒸𝒶𝒹𝑜𝓈. 𝒮𝑒𝓂 𝑒𝓈𝓉𝒶𝓈 𝓂𝒶𝓉𝑒́𝓇𝒾𝒶𝓈-𝓅𝓇𝒾𝓂𝒶𝓈 𝓃𝒶̃𝑜 𝒽𝒶𝓋𝑒𝓇𝒶́ 𝓇𝑒𝒸𝑜𝓃𝓋𝑒𝓇𝓈𝒶̃𝑜 𝒾𝓃𝒹𝓊𝓈𝓉𝓇𝒾𝒶𝓁 𝟺.𝟶 𝑒 𝒶𝒸𝑜𝓇𝒹𝑜 “𝓋𝑒𝓇𝒹𝑒”, 𝑜 “𝓂𝒾𝓁𝒶𝑔𝓇𝑒 𝑒𝓊𝓇𝑜𝓅𝑒𝓊” 𝓈𝑒𝓇𝒶́ 𝒾𝓂𝓅𝑜𝓈𝓈𝒾́𝓋𝑒𝓁 (𝑜 𝒸𝓊𝓈𝓉𝑜 𝒹𝒶 𝓇𝑒𝒸𝑜𝓃𝓋𝑒𝓇𝓈𝒶̃𝑜 𝓋𝑒𝓇𝒹𝑒 𝓈𝑒𝓂 𝓂𝓊𝒹𝒶𝓇 𝒹𝑒 𝓂𝑜𝒹𝑒𝓁𝑜 𝑒𝒸𝑜𝓃𝑜́𝓂𝒾𝒸𝑜 𝓈𝑒𝓇𝒾𝒶 𝒶 𝒹𝑒𝓈𝓉𝓇𝓊𝒾𝒸̧𝒶̃𝑜 𝒹𝑜 ℰ𝓈𝓉𝒶𝒹𝑜 𝓈𝑜𝒸𝒾𝒶𝓁 𝓅𝑒𝓁𝒶 𝒸𝒶𝓃𝒶𝓁𝒾𝓏𝒶𝒸̧𝒶̃𝑜 𝒹𝑒 𝓇𝑒𝒸𝓊𝓇𝓈𝑜𝓈 𝒹𝒶 𝓈𝒶𝓊́𝒹𝑒, 𝑒𝒹𝓊𝒸𝒶𝒸̧𝒶̃𝑜 𝑒 𝓇𝑒𝒻𝑜𝓇𝓂𝒶𝓈 𝓅𝒶𝓇𝒶 𝒶 𝓇𝑒𝓈𝓉𝓇𝓊𝓉𝓊𝓇𝒶𝒸̧𝒶̃𝑜 “𝓋𝑒𝓇𝒹𝑒” 𝑒 𝒶 𝑒𝒸𝑜𝓃𝑜𝓂𝒾𝒶 𝒹𝑒 𝑔𝓊𝑒𝓇𝓇𝒶). 𝒟𝑜 𝑜𝓊𝓉𝓇𝑜 𝓁𝒶𝒹𝑜 𝓈𝒶̃𝑜 𝑜 𝒸𝒶𝓅𝒾𝓉𝒶𝓁𝒾𝓈𝓂𝑜 𝓇𝓊𝓈𝓈𝑜 𝑒 𝑜 𝒸𝒶𝓅𝒾𝓉𝒶𝓁𝒾𝓈𝓂𝑜 𝒹𝑒 ℰ𝓈𝓉𝒶𝒹𝑜 𝒸𝒽𝒾𝓃𝑒̂𝓈 𝑒 – 𝓆𝓊𝑒𝓂 𝓈𝒶𝒷𝑒? – 𝑜 𝒾𝓃𝒹𝒾𝒶𝓃𝑜 𝓆𝓊𝑒 𝒹𝒾𝓈𝓅𝓊𝓉𝒶𝓂 𝒶̀ 𝑒𝓈𝒸𝒶𝓁𝒶 𝓂𝓊𝓃𝒹𝒾𝒶𝓁 𝑜𝓈 𝓁𝓊𝑔𝒶𝓇𝑒𝓈 𝓃𝑜 𝓅𝑜́𝒹𝒾𝑜 𝒹𝒶 𝒶𝒸𝓊𝓂𝓊𝓁𝒶𝒸̧𝒶̃𝑜. ℰ́ 𝑜 𝒸𝒶𝓅𝒾𝓉𝒶𝓁𝒾𝓈𝓂𝑜, 𝒹𝑒 𝓉𝑜𝒹𝑜𝓈 𝑜𝓈 𝓁𝒶𝒹𝑜𝓈, 𝓆𝓊𝑒 𝑒𝓈𝓉𝒶́ 𝒶̀ 𝒷𝑒𝒾𝓇𝒶 𝒹𝑜 𝓅𝓇𝑒𝒸𝒾𝓅𝒾́𝒸𝒾𝑜 𝑒 𝒹𝒶́ 𝓊𝓂 𝓅𝒶𝓈𝓈𝑜 𝑒𝓂 𝒻𝓇𝑒𝓃𝓉𝑒. 𝒪𝓈 𝓂𝑜𝓉𝒾𝓋𝑜𝓈 𝒶𝓅𝓇𝑒𝓈𝑒𝓃𝓉𝒶𝒹𝑜𝓈 𝓈𝒶̃𝑜 𝒶 𝒹𝑒𝒻𝑒𝓈𝒶 𝒹𝑜 “𝓂𝓊𝓃𝒹𝑜 𝓁𝒾𝓋𝓇𝑒” 𝒹𝑒 𝓊𝓂 𝓁𝒶𝒹𝑜, 𝒹𝒶 “𝓈𝑒𝑔𝓊𝓇𝒶𝓃𝒸̧𝒶” 𝒹𝑜 𝑜𝓊𝓉𝓇𝑜. 𝒜 𝒰𝒸𝓇𝒶̂𝓃𝒾𝒶 𝑒́ 𝒽𝑜𝒿𝑒 𝑜 𝓅𝒶𝓁𝒸𝑜 𝓇𝑒𝑔𝒾𝑜𝓃𝒶𝓁 𝒹𝑒 𝓊𝓂𝒶 𝒹𝒾𝓈𝓅𝓊𝓉𝒶 𝓂𝓊𝓃𝒹𝒾𝒶𝓁. 𝒬𝓊𝑒𝓂 𝓃𝑜 𝓉𝑒𝓇𝓇𝑒𝓃𝑜 𝓂𝑜𝓇𝓇𝑒 𝓈𝒶̃𝑜 𝑜𝓈 𝒻𝒾𝓁𝒽𝑜𝓈 𝒹𝒶𝓈 𝒸𝓁𝒶𝓈𝓈𝑒𝓈 𝓉𝓇𝒶𝒷𝒶𝓁𝒽𝒶𝒹𝑜𝓇𝒶𝓈 𝑒 𝓂𝑒́𝒹𝒾𝒶𝓈, 𝓆𝓊𝑒𝓂 𝓅𝒶𝑔𝒶 𝒶 𝑔𝓊𝑒𝓇𝓇𝒶 𝓈𝑜𝓂𝑜𝓈 𝓃𝑜́𝓈, 𝒸𝑜𝓃𝓉𝓇𝒾𝒷𝓊𝒾𝓃𝓉𝑒𝓈, 𝒸𝑜𝓂 𝒶 𝒹𝑒𝑔𝓇𝒶𝒹𝒶𝒸̧𝒶̃𝑜 𝒹𝒶 𝓆𝓊𝒶𝓁𝒾𝒹𝒶𝒹𝑒 𝒹𝑒 𝓋𝒾𝒹𝒶, 𝓈𝒶𝓊́𝒹𝑒, 𝑒𝒹𝓊𝒸𝒶𝒸̧𝒶̃𝑜. ℬ𝑒𝓂-𝓋𝒾𝓃𝒹𝑜𝓈 𝒶̀ 𝒷𝒶𝓇𝒷𝒶́𝓇𝒾𝑒!

* Historiadora, investigadora, articulista

IN "iN" - 04/03/22 . .